Problems For problems marked *, refer to page 523 for a hint, clue, or answer. 8.1 Rolling hoop A thin hoop of mass M and radius R rolls without slipping about the z axis. It is supported by an axle of length & through its center, as shown, The hoop circles around the z axis with angular speed 2 (a) What is the instantaneous angular velocity « of the hoop? (®) What is the angular momentum L of the hoop? Is L paral- lel to w? (The moment of inertia of a hoop for an axis along its diameter is |MR?.) 8.2 Flywheel on rotating table A flywheel of moment of inertia [ rotates with angular velocity 4» at the middle of an axle of length 2/. Each end of the axle is attached to a support by a spring which is stretched to length | and provides tension T. You may assume that T remains constant for small displacements of the axle. The supports are fixed to a table that rotates at constant angular velocity ©, where Q << wp. The center of mass of the flywheel is directly over the center of rotation of the table. Neglect gravity and assume that the motion is completely uniform so that nutational effects are absent. The problem is to find the direction of the axle with respect to a straight ine between the supports. 8.3 Suspended gyrascape A gyroscope wheel is at one end of an axle of length A. The other end of the axle is suspended from a string of length B. The wheel is set into motion so that it executes uniform precession in the hor- izontal plane. The wheel has mass M and moment of inertia about its cemter of mass Jp. Its spin angular velocity is «,. Neglect the masses of the shaft and string. Find the angle f that the string makes with the vertical. As- sume that 8 is so small that approximations like sing = f are justified. 8.40 Grain mill* In an old-fashioned rolling mill, grain is ground by a disk-shaped millstone that rolls in a circle on a flat surface, driven by a ver- tical shaft. Because of the stone’s angular momentum, the con- tact force with the surface is greater than the weight of the wheel. Assume that the millstone is a uniform disk of mass M, radius b, and width w, and that it rolls without slipping in a circle of radius R with angular velocity Q. Find the ratio of the contact force with respect to the surface to the weight of the stone.8S 86 87 8a Automobile on a curve When an automobile rounds a curve at high speed, the loading (weight distribution) on the wheels is markedly changed. For suffi- ciently high speeds the loading on the inside wheels goes to zero, at which point the car starts to roll over. This tendency can be avoided by mounting a large spinning flywheel on the car. (a) In what direction should the flywheel be mounted, and what should be the sense of rotation, to help equalize the loading? (Be sure that your method works for the car turning in cither direction.) (b) Show that for a disk-shaped flywheel of mass m and ratlitns R, the requirement for equal loading is that the angular velocity w of the flywheel is related to the velocity of the car V by Mb =v, Ooh aR where M is the total mass of the car and flywheel, and h is the height of the center of mass of the car (including the flywheel) above the road. Assume that the road is unbanked. Rolling coin* A coin of radius b and mass M rolls on a horizontal surface at speed V. If the plane of the coin is vertical the coin rolls in a straight linc. If the plane is tilted, the path of the coin is a circle of radius R. Find an expression for the tilt angle of the coin a in terms af the given quantities. (Because of the tilt of the cain the circle traced by its center of mass is slightly smaller than & but you can ignore the difference.) Suspended hoop A thin hoop of mass M and radius & is suspended from a string through a point on the rim of the hoop. If the support is tmed with high angular velocity a, the hoop will spin as shown, with its plane nearly horizontal and its center nearly on the axis of the support. The string makes angle « with the vertical. (a) Find, approximately, the small angle § between the plane of the hoop and the horizontal. Assume that the center of mass is at rest. (b) Find, approximately, the radius of the small circle traced out by the cemter of mass about the vertical axis. (e) Find a criterion for the validity of the assumption that mo- tion of the center of mass can be neglected. (With skill you can demonstrate this motion with 4 rope. It is a favorite cowboy lariat trick.) Deflected hoop Achild’s hoop of mass M and radius b rolls in a straight line with velocity V. The top af the hoop is given a light tap with a stick at89 8.10 BLL right angles to the direction of motion. The impulse of the blow is L (a) Assuming that the spin angular momentum is much larger than any other component of angular momentum, the only effect of the tap is to change the direction that the hoop rolls by some angle ©, Find . (6) Find a criterion for the peak applied force F in order for the assumption in part (a) to be valid Stability of a bieyele* As a bicycle changes direction, the rider leans inward creating a horizontal torque on the bike. Part of the torque is responsible for the change in direction of the spin angular momentum of the wheels. Consider a bicycle and rider system of total mass M with wheels of mass m and radius 6, rounding a curve of radius R at speed V. The center of mass of the system is 1.56 from the ground. (a) Find an expression for the tilt angle @. (6) Find the value of a, in degrees, if M = 70 kg,m = 2.5 kg, V = 30 km/hour and R = 0m. (e) What would be the percentage change in a if spin angular momentum were neglected? ‘Measuring latitude with a gyro Latitude can be measured with a gyro composed of a spinning disk mounted to pivot freely on an axis through the plane of the disk, with its axle horizontal and lying along the cast-west axis. (a) Show that the gyro can remain stationary when its spin axis is parallel to the polar axis and is at the latitude angle 4 with the horizontal. (b) If the gyro is released with the spin axis at a small angle to the polar axis show that the gyro spin axis will oscillate about the polar axis with a frequency a. = Tja,0)/1,, where f is the moment of inertia of the gyro about its spin axis, J, is its moment of inertia about the fixed horizontal axis, and MJ is the Earth's rotational angular velocity. What value of wi... is expected fora gyro rotating at 40 000 rpm, assuming that it is a thin disk and that the mounting frame makes no contribution to the moment of inertia? Tensor af inertia A particle of mass mr is located at x = 2,.y = 0,2 =3. (a) Find its moments and products of inertia relative to the origin. (4) The particle undergoes pure rotation about the z axis through a small angle @. Show thal its moments and products of inertia are unchanged to first order in a if a «1.