Dr.

Vishwanath Karad
MIT WORLD PEACE UNIVERSITY, PUNE
SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

HYDRAULICS & PNEUMATICS LABORATORY MANUAL

Experiment No. Date:
TRIAL ON VANE PUMP
 AIM: To Study and Conduct Performance Trial on Hydraulic Vane Pump.

 THEORY
Introduction:
All pumps may be classified as either positive-displacement or non-positive-displacement. Most
pumps used in hydraulic systems are positive-displacement.
A non-positive-displacement pump (Rotodynamic) produces a continuous flow. However,
because it does not provide a positive internal seal against slippage, its output varies considerably as
pressure varies. Centrifugal and propeller pumps are examples of non-positive-displacement pumps.
If the output port of a non-positive-displacement pump were blocked off, the pressure would rise
up to certain level, and output would decrease to zero. Although the pumping element would continue
moving, flow would stop because of slippage inside the pump.
In a positive-displacement pump, slippage is negligible compared to the pump's volumetric
output flow. If the output port were plugged, pressure would increase instantaneously to the point that
the pump's pumping element or its case would fail (probably explode, if the drive shaft did not break
first), or the pump's prime mover would stall.
Vane Pump:
The vane pump is a positive-displacement pump. In these pumps, a number of vanes slide in
slots in a rotor which rotates in a housing or ring. The housing may be eccentric with the center of the
rotor, or its shape may be oval, Figure 5. In some designs, centrifugal force holds the vanes in contact
with the housing, while the vanes are forced in and out of the slots by the eccentricity of the housing. In
one vane pump, light springs hold the vanes against the housing; in another pump design, pressurized
pins urge the vanes outward.
During rotation, as the space or chamber enclosed by vanes, rotor, and housing increases, a vacuum is
created, and atmospheric pressure forces oil into this space, which is the inlet side of the pump. As the
space or volume enclosed reduces, the liquid is forced out through the discharge ports.

The working pressure for vane pumps is up to 210 bar .Vane pumps are generally used in better quality
systems than external gear pumps because they are cleaner and quieter. They cost less than piston pumps
but the variable displacement designs can still utilize many of the pressure and flow controllers that
variable piston pumps have, making them an ideal option for many low cost applications requiring good
control or operating efficiency.

Types of Vane Pump:

The types of vane pumps are:
1. Unbalanced fixed displacement vane pump
2. Balanced fixed displacement vane pump
3. Unbalanced variable displacement vane pump
1. Unbalanced fixed displacement vane pump :

Fig.1: Unbalanced fixed displacement vane pump

The pump illustrated in Figure 1 is unbalanced, because all of the pumping action occurs in the
chambers on one side of the rotor and shaft. This design imposes a side load on the rotor and drive shaft.
This type vane pump has a circular inner casing. Unbalanced vane pumps can have fixed or variable
displacements.
2. Balanced fixed displacement vane pump :
 Balanced vane pumps come only in fixed displacement designs shown in fig 2. It provides a
balanced construction, in which an elliptical casing forms two separate pumping areas on opposite sides
of the rotor, so that the side loads cancel out.

Fig. 2: Balanced vane pumps

3. Variable- displacement unbalanced vane pump :

In a variable- displacement unbalanced design, Fig 3, the displacement can be changed through
an external control such as a hand wheel or a pressure compensator. The control moves the cam ring to
change the eccentricity between the ring and rotor, thereby changing the size of the pumping chamber
and thus varying the displacement per revolution.
When pressure is high enough to overcome the compensator spring force, the cam ring shifts to
decrease the eccentricity. Adjustment of the compensator spring determines the pressure at which the
ring shifts.
Because centrifugal force is required to hold the vanes against the housing and maintain a tight
seal at those points, these pumps are not suited for low-speed service. Operation at speeds below 600
rpm is not recommended. If springs or other means are used to hold vanes out against the ring, efficient
operation at speeds of 100 to 200 rpm is possible.

Fig 3: Variable- displacement unbalanced vane pump

Vane pumps maintain their high efficiency for a long time, because compensation for wear of the vane
ends and the housing is automatic. As these surfaces wear, the vanes move further out in their slots to
maintain contact with the housing.

 EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP:

P1

M
P2

Fig.4 : Experimental Set-up

 PROCEDURE:
1. Firstly pressure of the system is adjusted to a suitable value with the help of needle valve.
2. After this power input to the pump is noted by recording the time required by energy meter to
complete one revolution.
3. The pump speed measured with the help of tachometer.
4. Discharge through the pump is measure by Rota-meter in LPM.
5. The system pressure is now adjusted to a new value and the procedure is repeated for at least five
reading.
6. Now overall efficiency is calculated for each reading by calculating power input and power
output and operating characteristics of vane pump are plotted on the graph.
 OBSERVATIONS:
Type of Pump : Balanced fixed displacement vane pump
Make and Model : Yuken (PVR1T-6-FRA-2080)
Pressure Rating : 175 bar
Energy meter constant : 200 Rev./kWh

 OBSERVATION TABLE: (Sample readings)

Sr.No. Delivery Discharge Speed Time reqd. for one
Pressure Q N revolution of Energy
P (lpm) rpm Meter.
(kg/cm2) T
(Sec)
1 20 13 1410 30
2 30 11.15 1410 26
3 40 10.75 1410 22
4 50 9.75 1410 18
5

CALCULATIONS:

Sample Calculations for First Reading:

1) Input Power (Pi/p) = 3600 / (200 * t) = 3600 / (200 * 30) = 0.6 kW

2) Output Power (Po/p) = Delivery Pressure(P) * Flow Rate(Q)
= (20* 104 * 9.81) * {(13/60)* 10-3}
= 425.1 W
= 0.425 kW
3) Overall Efficiency() = (Output Power / Input Power) * 100
= (0.425 / 0.6) * 100
= 70.85 %
RESULT TABLE:

Sr.No. Delivery Pressure Discharge Input Power Output Power Overall Efficiency
(P) (Q) (Pi/p) (Po/p) ()

(kg/cm2) (lps) (kW) (kW) (%)

1 20 0.2167 0.6 0.4251 70.85
2 30 0.1958 0.692 0.5763 83.28
3 40 0.1792 0.818 0.7031 85.95
4 50 0.1625 1 0.7970 79.7

PERFORMANCE CURVES:

Delivery Pressure Vs Discharge

&
Delivery Pressure Vs Overall Efficiency

100 0.25
90
80 0.2
Overall Efficiency (%)

70

Discharge (lps)
60 0.15
50
40 0.1
30
20 0.05
10
0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Delivery Pressure (kg/cm^2)

Press Vs Overall Eff Press Vs Discharge

CONCLUSIONS:
1. Actual discharge decreases with increase in delivery pressure due to slipping of oil. At lower
delivery pressure percentage of slippage is very small.
2. Overall efficiency goes on increasing with increase in delivery pressure but at high delivery
pressure more slipping of oil takes place therefore overall efficiency starts decreasing beyond
certain delivery pressure.
3. Input power increases with increase in delivery pressure.