UNIT 4

5. VOCABULARY: describing products and services

A. Write the words in the box in the correct columns in the table
People products
POSITIVE NEGATIVE POSITIVE NEGATIVE
Helpful Rude High quality Poor quality
Polite Unhelpful Well made Poorly made
Professional Unprofessional
Well informed uninformed

B. complete de sentences with words from the table and any other necessary
words to express your opinions.
1. I think most salespeople are very helpful
2. Products made in my country are usually high quality
3. I think the food at chicken is really poor quality and the staff is
unprofessional
4. imported products from China are usually well made
7. GRAMMAR adjectives ending in –ed/-ing
There are many adjectives that we have in English that end in -ED or -ING.
Yes, that's correct, they are not only endings that we use for verbs!
An adjective that ends in -ING is used to describe: the characteristic of a
person, a thing or a situation.
An adjective that ends in -ED is used to describe: a feeling (or how a person
feels) or an emotion. It is used to describe a temporary thing. Since only people
(and some animals) have feelings, -ed adjectives cannot be used to describe an
object or situation.
Compare the difference:
 My girlfriend is bored. - (My girlfriend feels bored)
 My girlfriend is boring. - (My girlfriend is a boring person)
You can use these adjectives to describe people or situations but be careful that
you are using the correct adjective. For example, there is a big difference in
meaning between:
 I am confused. - (I don't understand something)
 I am confusing. - (I will cause you to be confused)
Note that the sentences below are to highlight the difference between the two
types of adjectives. They are NOT common to do or say because they sound
repetitive.
  I was shocked by how shocking the accident was last night.
 They were frightened by the frightening roller-coaster ride!
 I am annoyed by how annoying that person in front of us is.
 Sally was confused by the confusing street signs in the city.
Example sentences of adjectives ending in -ED and -ING
 This grammar lesson is boring. I am bored reading all about these
grammar rules.
 I am tired right now. My flight was tiring (because it was a twelve-hour
flight).
 Public toilets are usually disgusting. I am disgusted by the smell in
some of them.
 Your speech was very inspiring. I am now inspired to do wonderful
things with my life.

List of Adjectives ending in -ED and -ING

There is quite a long list of adjectives ending in -ED and -ING in English, and
most of them are based on a verb that can be changed into an adjective by
adding either -ED or -ING.
Some of the more common ones include:

 Alarmed - Alarming
 Aggravated - Aggravating
 Amused - Amusing
 Annoyed - Annoying
 Astonished - Astonishing
 Astounded - Astounding
 Bored - Boring
 Captivated - Captivating
 Challenged - Challenging
 Charmed - Charming
 Comforted - Comforting
 Confused - Confusing
 Convinced - Convincing
 Depressed - Depressing
 Disappointed - Disappointing
 Discouraged - Discouraging
 Disgusted - Disgusting
 UNIT 5
5. GRAMMAR : reported questions
1. When we report questions, the subject comes before the verb.
 Direct speech: “Where are you going?”
Reported speech: He asked me where I was going.
 Direct speech: “Why is he shouting?”
Reported speech: He asked me why he was shouting.
 Direct speech: “What do you want?”
Reported speech: She asked me what I wanted.
2. When reporting questions we don’t use the auxiliary verb do, except in negative
questions.
 Direct speech: “Who doesn’t like cheese?”
Reported speech: She asked me who didn’t like cheese.
3. We report yes/no questions with if or whether.
 Direct speech: “Do you want me to come?”
Reported speech: I asked him if he wanted me to come.
 Direct speech: “Have you fed the dog?”
Reported speech: She asked me whether I had fed the dog.
4. When we report questions with who, what or which + to be + object, the
verb be can come before or after the object.
 Direct speech: “Who is the champion?”
Reported speech: She asked me who the champion was / She asked me
who was the champion.
 Direct speech: “What is your favourite colour?”
Reported speech: She asked me what my favourite colour was / She asked me
what wasmy favourite colour

6. VOCABULARY : ask , say .tell

Say
We say: hello and goodbye, please and thank you, happy
birthday and congratulations.
Say hello to your sister for me.
We said goodbye at the airport.
Did you say thank you to Mrs Anderson?
We use say to ask about language:
How do you say 'car' in Portuguese? 'Carro'.
 We use say to report someone's words:
He said "I love you".
She said she loved him.
Tell
Tell is usually followed immediately by a person. Said is not:
He told me where to go. (NOT He said me...)
We use tell in indirect questions:
Can you tell me where the bus station is? (NOT Can you say me...)
Can you tell me who owns that red car?
We use tell with some wh- words. You can tell someone where something is,
why something happened, when we want to do something:
She told me where to go.
Tell me why you' re so angry.
You can tell a story or a joke:
Please tell Tony that joke you told me. It was so funny!
Ask
Ask is used for questions:
What is your name?
Can I ask you a question?
You can ask someone to do something/for something:
I asked Carol to meet me at the café.
He asked for directions.
UNIT 6
2. GRAMMAR : third conditional

We make the third conditional by using the past perfect after 'if' and then 'would
have' and the past participle in the second part of the sentence:

 if + past perfect, ...would + have + past participle

It talks about the past. It's used to describe a situation that didn't happen, and to
imagine the result of this situation.

 If she had studied, she would have passed the exam (but, really we know she
didn't study and so she didn't pass)
 If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick (but I did eat a lot, and so I
did feel sick).
 If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane
 She wouldn't have been tired if she had gone to bed earlier
 She would have become a teacher if she had gone to university
  He would have been on time for the interview if he had left the house at nine

8. VOCABULARY : decisions
A. Complete the phrases with the correct verb, a o b
1. make up all the options
2. think about the consequences
3. consider the positive and negative effect
4. make a fair decisions
5. consider responsibility for their decisions
6. make your mind
7. make a decision
8. gather information
9. take all the factors into account