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1. INTRODUCTION
In India, Dish washing activity is manual process involving considerable human
efforts or with automatic Dish washing machines available in market which are
expensive. Manual Dish washing activity requires more number of people and also it
is time consuming process involving human efforts. Cost required for workers work is
also considerably high. This project intends to solve the problems faced by many
persons in their day-to-day life. Thrust attempt has been made to achieve solution of
above problems with Design and fabrication of dish washermachine with objectives
that it should minimize human efforts and should have low cost with less time
consumption and must have all the basic mechanisms – washing with soda water,
scrubbing with brush and rinsing in clean water.
Main aim of Design and fabrication of dish washer machine is to reduce human
efforts and time with its innovative simple design which is also environment friendly.
A dishwasher is a low cost machine made up of easily and readily available parts in
daily life. The model of Design and fabrication of dish washer machine is new
concept, which in its one washing cycle does all the operations of conventional dish
washing i.e. spraying soda water, scrubbing with brush and clean water similar to
fully automatic dish washer machines in market. The dishwasher operates with help
of DC motor, chain conveyor. Dish which is placed on the chain conveyor enters the
first washing chamber where it is cleaned with soda water and scrubbed with the
brushes. This is then passed to next chamber where it is rinsed with the clean water
and finally moves out with drying as a complete washed dish.
Washing dishes is most commonly done activity in the world, in most of families
people wash dishes by hand which is straining to muscles and detergent is chemically
harmful. As far as manual process is concerned in houses of India, washing is done by
hand scrubbing which is straining to the muscles through its energy and postural
requirements. It may also lead to clinical, anatomical disorders and back pain which
may affect the operator’s health. Many of their household daily routine task are
performed by the women and some can be very physically challenging and
time‐consuming.
So in several ways in which we can improve their lifestyle, and one aspect that we can
improve on is the way they wash their dishes. Currently the daily routine of washing
dishes is performed by the women, and can be very labor intensive as it is done for up
to several hours each week. The same can be experienced in marriage ceremony with
caterers. In today’s world of Automation Era it is barely possible to find any field that
implemented atomization which reduces Human effort, improves Production rate and
also increases Efficiency.
Then it could be the biggest use of various canteens like manufacturing industry,
Pharmaceutical industry, Hospitality field and even Household or Kitchen
automation. But still our country is not getting enough benefits from automation and
the reason behind this limitation is less Knowledge about automatic products, High
device cost, kind of nascence feeling about atomized devices. However this fear is not
seen in the product which does not involves much Sensors, Complex Electronic
Circuits, and simple easy User Friendly devices. The very familiar example of
Automatic dishwasher. This automatic dishwasher is used on mass scale in foreign
countries, however the same is rarely seen in our country.
1.1 OBJECTIVES
2: LITERATURE REVIEW
brushes. This is then passed to next chamber where it is rinsed with the clean water
and finally moves out as a complete washed dish.
3: PROBLEM DEFINATION
The various research paper discusses how to reduce human efforts in conventional
dishwashing process. The dishwasher has made cleaning and drying dishes much
easier and more efficient. This project work has been conceived having studied the
difficulty in washing the any type of plates. Our survey in the regard in several home,
revealed the facts that mostly some difficulty occurs in washing the dish in Hand. The
washing power contains the chemical substances and this is reacting with human
hand.
Now the project has mainly concentrated on this difficulty, and hence a suitable
device has been designed. Such that the dish washing can be done without application
of any impact force. By using semi-automatic dishwasher, we can reduce time as well
as human efforts significantly. In conventional dish washing process large amount of
human power as well as quantity of water is used. So keeping that in mind, to reduce
this Design and fabrication of dish washer machine will developed.
4.METHODOLOGY
1. Project identification
2. Project literature study
3. Field work
4. Design stage
5. System drawing
6. Material procurement
7. Manufacturing stage
8. Fabrication of assembly
9. Trials
10. Testing
11. Conclusion
12. Report and project presentation
5.CONSTRUCTION
1. Main Frame
Main frame is the basic structure of model. The frame is made up of mild steel square
bar of cross section 4.6*4*1 feet. It is fabricated by using channel of uniform cross
section.
The vital function of the frame is to damp vibrations generated due to motor and
friction. It should be rigid enough to absorb all vibrations and rigid to support the
parts.
The frame is well fabricated by using arc welding to be strong enough to absorb
shocks.
The frame is produced by using standard section channel. Wide variety in section size
is available selection as per requirement is done to satisfy the purpose.
2. Scrubber Motor:
3. Belt Drive:
In this project, we are used belt drive mechanism for travel of plate. One Drum is
attached to motor and another is to shaft which is fitted in bearing. The both drums
are made of M.S material, Synthetic rubber with cotton belt are used to drive drum
4.Pallets:
A steel clamp is a fastening device used to hold or secure objects tightly together to
prevent movement or separation through the application of inward pressure.
5. Scrubber:
We are used wood round brushes and as a scrubbing element. In this project we had
7-8 trials for the scrubbing selection, after that this two brushes are selected .these
brushes are used for scrubbing at dynamicposition .
6. Nozzle:
There are two nozzles are used for pre-wash and after-wash which is connected to
outlet of the pump discharge pipe. Nozzles are flow adjustable. Due to flow can
control as per requirement.
8.Speed Controller:
An electronic speed control or ESC is an electronic circuit that controls and
regulates the speed of an electric motor. It may also provide reversing of the motor
and dynamic braking.to control the speed of their drive motors.
9.Submersible Pumps:
The high quality small submersible two pumps are used for water supply. One pump
is used for supply pure water and other is used for supply detergent water.
10.Bearing;
A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion to only the desired
motion, and reduces friction between moving parts. Rotarybearings hold rotating
components such as shaftsor axles within mechanical systems, and transfer axial and
radial loads from the source of the load to the structure supporting it. we use there are
4 bearings.
11.M.S shaft:
A shaft is a rotating machine element, usually circular in cross section, which is used
to transmit power from one part to another,The various members such
as pulleys and drums are mounted on it. The material used for ordinary shafts is mild
steel.
6.WORKING PRINCIPLE
6.1. INITIAL CONCEPT
The working principle of the dishwasher is to provide the mechanical action necessary
to distribute and direct the detergent solution and rinse waters over, under and around
the dishes to loosen and remove oil. The dishwasher must also remove oil-laden
waters from the machine after each phase of the cycle and provide for the drying of
dishes after the cleaning process has been completed.
The motor is coupled with the belt conveyor is used to convey plates. clamps are used
to hold plate properly against scrubber. The high forced normal water is sprayed on
dish by water pump for pre-wash and after-wash. Detergent water is sprayed on dish
while scrubbing. Then it is passed to pure water stage for complete washing.
A mix of water and dishwasher detergent is pumped to one or more rotating spray
arms, which blast the dishes with the cleaning mixture. Once the wash is finished, the
water is drained, more hot water enters the tub by means of an electro-mechanical
solenoid, and the rinse cycle begins. After the rinse cycle finishes and the water is
drained, and the dishes are dried using one of several drying methods. Typically a
rinse-aid, a chemical to reduce surface tension of the water, is used to reduce water
spots from hard water or other reasons.
6.2Mechanism
The Dishes are washed in Design and fabrication of dish washer machine.The
machine mainly consisting three steps.
1. Pre-wash (pure water)
2.Washingwith detergent water & scrubbing with brush
3. After wash (pure water)
In traditional washing of dish, first step is to clear the wastage food on plate and then
scrub it with detergent. Here also, we are following same first step in which the dirty
dish which has to be wash is put in first washing chamber. Where pre-washing of dish
takes place.
The chain conveyor is operated by using DC motor. So that dish will move with
complete one by one step as above fig. In this chamber, pressurized spray of normal
water and detergent water is thrown on dish with the help of nozzles.
6.3ADVANTAGES
1. Easy in operation.
2. Low cost.
3. Simple construction.
4. Adaptable.
5. Less operation and maintenance cost.
6. Performance.
7. Easy to setup
8. Light weight and no skill worker required
9. Easy maintenance.
6.4 DISADVANTAGES
1.Only dishes can be washed
6.5 APPLICATIONS :
1. In hotels
2. In marriage ceremony
3. caterers
4. Used in temple food grains
5. large parties
6. Industry canteen
7. College mess
8. Army and emergency camp when time is most important
6.6 COMPARISION
This chapter comprises model of dish washing machine. It also describes the design of
dish washing machine components and its fabrication. Further its describes the
working of this machine.
SYSTEM DRAWING
This subchapter involves design of machine components i.e. flat belt conveyer and
motor selection for motor selection weight calculation of conveyer of conveyer
pulley. Conveyer belt and dishes is done. The chapter also involves the design of key,
welding joints.
Fig 3.1.1 represents the drawing of flat belt conveyer. Its design includes deciding
number of dishes to be placed on conveyer at one time, Centre to Centre distance
between conveyer pulleys and length of conveyer belt.
At one time total four dishes are there, one dish for loading at same time one dish for
scrubbing and one for cleaning with fresh water and dish for unloading
Length of conveyer(l),
l =(d+20)*4
=(275+20)*4
l = 1180mm
l =1200mm
L* =l+( )
=1200+( )
L =1410mm
L* =1500mm
Wrap angle,
( )
= 180-2
180
= +2L*
L= 3659.73 mm
L= 3.6 m
1 revolution =
=659.73 rpm
= 5.5
=6 revolution
V=
V = 0.066 m/s
=0.35kg
=1.4 kg
= 13.73N
2) Conveyer belt :-
Density, = 1220kg/
Belt dimensions -
Length= 3659.73 mm
=3.6 m
Width =100 mm
= 0.1 m
Thickness = 6 mm
= 0.006 m
Weight of belt,
M=
=1220 3.6
=2.63kg
Weight = 25.85N
7.1.4.Belt tension:-
=(180-2 )
=(180-2*0)
=3.14 rad.
2.3 =µθ
2.3 =0.20×3.14
=1.875
We know that power transmission is,
P= - ×v
0.18643 = - ×0.066
0.18643 = 0.066 -0.066
By solving this equation we get,
=5.98N
=3.191N
Mass of the belt per meter length is,
M = Area ×Length Density
=(b×t)×Length×Density
= (0.1×0.006)×1×1220
=0.732kg/m
Centrifugal tension on belt,
= 0.732
= 3.18
=5.98+3.18
=5.98N
= 4.58N
3) Conveyor Pulley
Drum:-
Length= 110mm
= 0.11m
Diameter= 210mm
=0.21m
Weight= 2.6kg
= 25.67N
Total weight = Weight of shaft +Weight of conveyor belt +Weight of conveyor drum
+ Belt tension +Weight of dish
=29.43+25.85+25.67+5.98+13.73
Velocity,
V=
= 0.219 m/s
Maximum power (
=
= 0.180kW
Corrected belt rating =
= 4.1811
Selection of belt
width
= 430.5
Belt width,
For 3 piles, W = = 143.5
For 4 piles, W =
Therefore we selected belt of width 100mm and 4 piles
The material of the belt is canvas.
Motor is one of the major components of dishwashing machine. One motor will drive
conveyor and brushes simultaneously with the help of belt and pulleys.
Motor Torque:
= 100.66
T = 75.495 N.m
Motor power:-
P=
P = 158.1163W
P = 0.21 HP
DC Induction motor is selected, which is best suitable for constant speed conveyor.
Therefore, it will apply UDL i.e. Uniformly Distributed Load of 31.65 N over 110
mm.
31.65N
31.65
3481.5N/mm
RA RB
+ =3481.5 N
Bending Moment at C is ,
=1740.75
Torsion Moment,
√ ………………….eq(1)
Where,
0.3
=0.3
=159
OR
0.18
=0.18 660
=118.8
118.8
d=27.11mm≈ 28mm
Selection of Bearing
Since shaft dia. is 25mm and the bearing is subjected to radial load of 2 KN and there
is no thrust load .the expected life of bearing is 10000 hours.
P=Fr=2000N
4.Life of bearing,
⁄
C=P
⁄
C=2000 (
C=4578.8569
Design of key
= =
Fs=3
d=28mm
B=8mm
H=4mm
Where,
Fs=factor of safety
B=Width of key
H=Depth of key
=0.5
=265
=88.33 N/
Mt=
Mt=
Mt = 85943.66 N.mm
Key length.
I=
P=0.707
Where,
Usually there are two welds of equal length on two sides of vertical plate.
P=2(0.0707 )
=1.414
For determining required length of the weld, 15 should be added to length of each
weld.
t=94 N/mm2
p
= 0.707×1×1×94
2×103 = 0.707×1×1×94
l = 30 i.e.
l = 30+15
l =45 mm
P = 2 KN
T = 94
A = 2(40×t)
= (80×t) mm2
1 = P/A
= 2000/80×t
= 25/t N/mm2
Bending stress:-
I = 2( )
= (10.67×103×t) mm4
Bending stress,
b=
= N/mm2
= √( )
= √((〖 )〗 ) ( )
Size of weld
= 94
t = 5.98 mm
h=
H = 8.46 mm
= 66.66 ml/sec
Water required to clean the one dish in 270 ml/sec then 16 dishes passes through
clean stations in 1 minute.
For 10 dish
Pump selection
Specifications are
Head =10 ft
Discharge = 5 Lpm(lit/min).
8: COST ESTIMATION
9 NOZZLE 3 60
11 M.S.SHAFT 2 670
CHAPTER9:INDIVISUALWORKINGACTIVITY(PHOTOS) AND
FINAL PROJECT
CHAPTER 10:
Testing Report:
Percentage of
Sr. No energy No of dishes /hr Man Efficiency is
consumption 40%
1 40 240 96
2 50 360 144
3 70 500 200
4 80 700 280
Result-
In this Project we are trying to reduce human effort for manual dish washing
process or method and increasing the efficiency of dish washing.
The basic model of Design and fabrication of dish washer machine is designed to
reduce human efforts with saving in time while increasing the efficiency for washing
a dish. It satisfies the need of small restaurants or family which are not able to buy
expensive full automatic machine. The model is built with very basic material and can
be more standardize by altering motor used .The product designed has minimal
operating cost, cost effective, eco-friendly and it can be used with almost zero efforts.
Mid-to-higher end North American dishwashers often come with hard food disposal
units, which behave like miniature garbage (waste) disposal units that eliminate large
pieces of food waste from the wash water. One manufacturer that is known for
omitting hard food disposals is Bosch, a German brand; however, Bosch does so in
order to reduce noise. If the larger items of food waste are removed before placing in
the dishwasher, pre-rinsing is not necessary even without integrated waste disposal
units.
7. Washing machinehttp://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/josephine-cochrane.