SPIRAL & INVOLUTES USING BSPLINE OR CUBIC SPLINE

Aim

To draw of curves like parabola, spiral, involutes using Bspline or cubic spline.

A. Drawing of spiral curve using Bspline or cubic spline

Procedure

Command : PLINE
Specify start point : click
Current line-width is 0.0000 : @10,0
Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/
Length/Undo/Width]
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/ : @0,10
Length/Undo/Width]
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/ : @-20,0
Length/Undo/Width]
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/ : @0,-20
Length/Undo/Width]
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/ : @30,0
Length/Undo/Width]
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/ : @0,30
Length/Undo/Width]
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/ : @-40,0
Length/Undo/Width]
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/ : @0,-40
Length/Undo/Width]
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/ : @50,0
Length/Undo/Width]
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/ : @0,50
Length/Undo/Width]
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/ : @-60,0
Length/Undo/Width]
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/ : @0,-60
Length/Undo/Width]
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/ : @70,0
Length/Undo/Width]
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/ : @0,70
Length/Undo/Width]
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/ : @-80,0
Length/Undo/Width]
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/ : @0,-80
Length/Undo/Width]
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/ : @0,90
Length/Undo/Width]
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/ : Enter
Length/Undo/Width]

How to set Bpline or cubic spline

The SPLINETYPE system variable the type of spline curve approximated.
Setting SPLINETYPE to 5 approximates a quadratic B-spline
Setting SPLINETYPE to 6 approximates a cubic B-spline
B. To draw the cubic B-spline
Procedure
Command : splinetype
Enter new value for SPLINETYPE <5> : 6
Command : pedit
Select polyline or [multiple] : select object A (poly line
object)
Enter the option [Close/Join/Width/Edit vertex
/Fit/spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo] : spline
Enter the option [Close/Join/Width/Edit vertex
/Fit/spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo] : Enter
C. To draw the quadratic B-spline
Procedure
Command : splinetype
Enter new value for SPLINETYPE <6> : 5
Command : pedit
 Select polyline or [multiple] : select object A (poly
line object)
Enter the option [Close/Join/Width/Edit vertex
/Fit/spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo] : spline
Enter the option [Close/Join/Width/Edit vertex
/Fit/spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo] : Enter
D. To draw the parabola using spline
Procedure
Command : spline
Specify first point or [object] : pick point P1
Specify next point : pick point P2
Specify first point or [Close/Fit tolerance]
<start tangent> : pick point P3
Specify first point or [Close/Fit tolerance]
<start tangent> : Enter
Specify start tangent : Enter
Specify end tangent : Enter

Result
Thus the curves like parabola, spiral, involutes using Bspline or cubic spline is drawn
using by AutoCAD
 PLAN OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
Aim
To draw the Plan of Residential Building by using AutoCAD commands.
Procedure
1. Open the Auto CAD software and set the drawing with the starting
commands.
2. Draw the title block in A3 size template.
3. Draw Plan of Residential Building by using draw commands and edit
commands.
4. Set the dimension style and give the dimension using dimension
commands.
5. Check all the diagrams and take print out.
Commands Used
1. Starting Commands:
Limits zoom all, ltscale, dimscale, dimstyle
2. Drawing commands:
Line, rectangle, circle, polygon, Multiline text
3. Edit commands:
Erase, move, copy, trim, extend, chamfer, fillet
4. Dimensioning Commands:
Dimlinear, Dimalligned, Dimradius, Dimdiameter.

Result
Thus the Plan of Residential Building is drawn by using AutoCAD Commands.
 SIMPLE STEEL TRUSS
Aim
To draw the Simple Steel Truss by using AutoCAD commands.
Procedure
1. Open the Auto CAD software and set the drawing with the starting
commands.
2. Draw the title block in A3 size template.
3. Draw Simple Steel Truss by using draw commands and edit commands.
4. Set the dimension style and give the dimension using dimension
commands.
5. Check all the diagrams and take print out.
Commands Used
1. Starting Commands:
Limits, zoom all, ltscale, dimscale, dimstyle
2. Drawing commands:
Line, rectangle, circle, polygon, Multiline text
3. Edit commands:
Erase, move, copy, trim, extend, chamfer, fillet
4. Dimensioning Commands:
Dimlinear, Dimaligned, Dimradius, Dimdiameter.

Result:
Thus the Simple Steel Truss is drawn by using AutoCAD Commands.
 ISOMETRIC PROJECTION OF SIMPLE OBJECTS
Aim
To draw the Isometric projection of simple objects by using AutoCAD
commands.
Procedure
1. Open the Auto CAD software and set the drawing with the starting
commands.
2. Draw the title block in A3 size template.
3. Draw the Isometric projection of simple objects using draw commands and
modify commands.
4. Set the dimension style and give the dimension using dimension
commands.
5. Check all the diagrams and take print out.
Commands Used
1. Starting Commands:
Limits zoom all, l tscale, dimscale, dimstyle
2. Drawing commands:
Line, rectangle, circle, polygon, Multiline text, Bhatch
3. Edit commands:
Erase, move, copy, trim, extend, chamfer, fillet
4. Dimensioning Commands:
Dimlinear, Dimalligned, Dimradius, Dimdiameter.

Result:
Thus the isometric projection of simple solid is drawn by using AutoCAD
Commands
 CREATION OF 3D MODEL
Aim
To draw the 3 d model of an object

Procedure
Command : v point
Specify a view point or [rotate] : 1, -1, 1

Command : shade mode

Enter an option [2d wire frame /3d wire frame]

Command : Line
Specify first point : click any point in pe area
Specify next point or [undo] : 72
Specify next point or [undo ] : 192
Specify next point or [ close undo] : 24
Specify next point or [close undo] : 132
Specify next point or [close 0undo] : 48
Specify next point or [close undo] : @-18,0,-22
Specify next point or [close undo] : 6
Specify next point or [close undo] : 12
Specify next point or [close undo] : 6
Specify next point or [close undo] : @-18,0,22
Specify next point or [close undo] : 6
Specify next point or [close undo] : c

Command : region
Select object : all
Region selected

Command : extrude
Select object to extrude : Select object
Specify height of extrusion or
[ direction/ path/taper angle ] : 96
Command : line
Specify first point : pick the point ‘ A’
Specify next point or [undo ] : 24
Specify next point or [close undo] : 48
Specify next point or [close undo] : 48
Specify next point or [close undo] : 48
Specify next point or [close undo] : c

Command : circle
Specify the cetre of circlr or
[ 3p /2p/Ttr (tan tan radius)] : pick one centre point
Specify radius of circle or [diameter] : 24
Command : circle
Specify the cetre of circlr or
[ 3p /2p/Ttr (tan tan radius)] : pick 2 centre point
Specify radius of circle or [diameter] : 24
Command : Trim
Select object or < select all > : Select the object
Select object to trim
Command : region
Select object : above the entire line
1 region created
Command : extrude
Select object to extrude : pick by the region
Specify height of extrusion or
[direction / path /taper height ] <8.00> : 8
Command : circle
Specify the centre point for circle or
[ 3p /2p/Ttr (tan tan radius)] : pick the point ‘ c1 ’
Specify radius of circle or [diameter] : 12
Command : circle
Specify the centre point for circle or
[ 3p /2p/Ttr (tan tan radius)] : pick the point ‘ c2 ’
Specify radius of circle or [diameter] : 12
Command : line
Specify first point : pick the circle one quadrant point
Specify next point or [undo ] : pick the circle 2 quadrant point
Command : line
Specify first point : pick the circle one another side
quadrant point
Specify next point or [undo ] : pick the circle 2 another side
quadrant point
Command : trim
Select object or/ select all : created line or circle
Command : region
Select object or/ select all ] : above the entire last created object 1
region created
Command : extrude
Select height of extrusion or
[direction /path /taper angle] <8.00> : -32

Command : subtract
Select object : select the source object
Select object : select the object
The object get subtracted
Result:
Thus the 3 d model of an object is created and verified.
 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION OF GIVEN 3D OBJECT
Aim
To draw the orthographic projection of given 3D object by using AutoCAD
software.
Procedure
1. Open the Auto CAD software and set the drawing with the starting
commands.
2. Draw the title block in A3 size template.
3. Draw the Isometric projection of simple objects using draw commands and
modify commands.
4. Set the dimension style and give the dimension using dimension
commands.
5. Check all the diagrams and take print out.
Commands Used
1. Starting Commands:
Limits zoom all, ltscale, dimscale, dimstyle
2. Drawing commands:
Line, rectangle, circle, polygon, Multiline text, Bhatch
3. Edit commands:
Erase, move, copy, trim, extend, chamfer, fillet
4. Dimensioning Commands:
Dimlinear, Dimalligned, Dimradius, Dimdiameter.

Result
Thus the orthographic projection of given 3D object is created and verified
 PROJECTION OF PLANES WITH INCLINATION TO REFERENCE
PLANE
Aim
To draw the plane with inclination of one reference plane using by AutoCAD.
Procedure
Command : limits
Lower left covers : 0, 0
Upper right covers : 300, 250
Command : zoom
[All/center/dynamic/extent
/left/previous/window/scale] <x> : All
Command : polygon
Enter number of sides <4> : 5
Specify center of polygon or [Edge] : e
Specify first endpoint of edge : pick any points
Specify first endpoint of edge : 25
Command : line
Specify first point : select the point to extend ref.palne
Specify next point or [undo] : select the point to extend ref.palne
Specify next point or [undo] : select the point to extend ref.palne
Specify next point or [undo/close] : select the point to extend ref.palne
Specify next point or [undo/close] : c

Result
Thus the plane with inclination of one reference plane is drawn using by AutoCAD.0
 SOLIDS WITH INCLINATION TO ONE REFERENCE PLANE
Aim
To draw the projection of solids with inclination of one reference plan using by
AutoCAD
Software used
AUTOCAD 2004
Procedure
Command : limits
Lower left covers : 0, 0
Upper right covers : 300,250
Command : zoom
[All/center/dynamic/extent
/left/previous/window/scale] <x> : All
Drawing of cone
3D VIEW
Command : vpoint
Specify a view point or[rotate] : 1,-1,1
Command : shade mode
Enter an option [2dwir frame/3dwireframe/
3dHidden/Realistic/Conceptual/other]
<2dwireframe> : 3d
Command : cone
Specify center point of base or [3P/2P/
Ttr/Elliptical] : pick at any point
Specify height or [2point/Axis endpoint/
Top radius]<0.0000> : 75
Front view
Command : line
Specify first point : pick any point
Specify next point or [undo] : 50
Specify next point or [undo] : @75<108
Specify next point or [undo/close] : c
Top view
Command : circle
CIRCLE specify centre point for circle
Or [3p/2p/Ttr (tan tan radius)] : pick any point with ref. plane center
of front view
Specify radius of circle or [diameter] : d
Specify diameter of circle : 50
Inclination with one reference plane
Command : line
Specify first point : pick any point at ref. line
Specify next point or [undo] : @75<30
Specify next point or [undo/close] : c
Command : line
Specify first point : select the point which project line
Specify next point or [undo] : select the point which project the line
Specify next point or [undo/close] : close

Result :
Thus the projection of solid is drawn using by AutoCAD.
 SECTIONAL VIEWS OF PYRAMID, CONE, CYLINDER AND PRISMS
Aim
To draw the Sectional views of Pyramid, Cone, Cylinder and Prism using Auto
CAD commands.
Procedure
1. Open the Auto CAD software and set the drawing with the starting
commands.
2. Draw the title block in A3 size template.
3. Draw the Sectional views of the Cylinder and Prism using draw commands
and modify commands.
4. Set the dimension style and give the dimension using dimension
commands.
5. Check all the diagrams and take print out.
Commands Used
1. Starting Commands:
Limits zoom all, ltscale, dimscale, dimstyle
2. Drawing commands:
Line, rectangle, circle, polygon, Multiline text, Bhatch
3. Edit commands:
Erase, move, copy, trim, extend, chamfer, fillet
4. Dimensioning Commands:
Dimlinear, Dimalligned, Dimradius, Dimdiameter.

Result:
Thus the Sectional views of Cylinder and Prism is drawn by using AutoCAD
Commands.
 DEVELOPMENT OF SOLIDS
Aim
To draw the development of cone using by AutoCAD.
Procedure
Command : limitsLower left covers
: 0, 0
Upper right covers : 300,250
Command : zoom
[All/center/dynamic/extent
/left/previous/window/scale] <x> : All
Drawing of cone
3D VIEW
Command : vpoint
Specify a view point or[rotate] : 1,-1,1
Command : shade mode
Enter an option [2dwir frame/3dwireframe/
3dHidden/Realistic/Conceptual/other]
<2dwireframe> : 3d
Command : cyclinder
Specify center point of base or [3P/2P/Ttr
/Elliptical] : pick at any point
Specify diameter : 50
Specify height or [2point/Axis endpoint]
<0.0000> : 70
Front view
Command : line
Specify first point : pick any point
Specify next point or [undo] : 50
Specify next point or [undo] : 70
Specify next point or [undo/close] : 40
Specify next point or [undo/close] : c
Top view
Command : circle
CIRCLE specify centre point for circle
Or [3p/2p/Ttr (tan tan radius)] : pick any point with ref. plane center
of front view
Specify radius of circle or [diameter] : d
Specify diameter of circle : 50
Command : line
Specify first point : 3.14*D
Specify next point or [undo] : 70
Specify next point or [undo] : 3.14*D
Specify next point or [undo] : 70
Specify next point or [undo/close] : close
Length : divide 12 parts of circle measure size

Result :
Thus the development of cylinder is drawn using by Auto CAD