BHARAT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Ibrahimpatnam - 501 510, Hyderabad

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
COURSE DESCRIPTION FORM
2019-2020 (I SEMESTER)

Course Title HVDC TRANSMISSION

Course Code EE722PE
Class B.Tech. IV Year I Semester EEE
Regulations JNTUH - R16
Lectures Tutorials /Bridge Practical Credits
Course Structure
3 1 - 4
Course Coordinator Mr.G.Kamalaker Reddy, Assistant Professor

Team of Instructors Mr. G.Kamalaker Reddy, Assistant Professor

Mr. K .Murugaperumal Assistant Professor

I. COURSEOVERVIEW:
This subject deals with importance of HCDC transmission, analysis of HVDC converts, Harmonics and
filters, reactive power control and power factor improvement of the system.

This course provides

 The foundations of high voltage DC transmission in the Power systems.

 Topics include basics of converters, system control and power flow analysis, harmonics and filters

II. PREREQUISITE(S):
Level Credits Periods/ Week Prerequisites

1. Power Systems
UG 4 4 2. Power Electronics

III. MARKS DISTRIBUTION:

Sessional Marks University End

Exam marks Total marks

Midterm Test:
There shall be Two Mid-Term Examinations. Each mid-term examination consists of one objective paper,
one descriptive paper and one assignment. The objective paper and the essay paper shall be for 10 marks
each with a total duration of 1 hour 20 minutes (20 minutes for objective and 60 minutes for essay paper).
The objective paper is set with 20 bits of multiple choice, fill-in the blanks and matching type of questions
for a total of 10 marks. The essay paper shall contain 4 full questions out of which, the student has to answer
2 questions, each carrying 5 marks.

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 While the first mid-term examination shall be conducted on 50% of the syllabus, the second mid-term
examination shall be conducted on the remaining 50% of the syllabus. Five marks are allocated for
assignments (as specified by the subject teacher concerned). The first assignment should be submitted before
the conduct of the first mid- examination, and the second assignment should be submitted before the conduct
of the second mid- examination. The total marks secured by thestudentineachmid-
termexaminationareevaluatedfor25marks, and the Average of the Two Mid-Term Examinations shall be taken
as the final marks secured by each student in internals/sessionals
75 100
End Semester Examinations:
 The end semester examinations will be conducted for 75 marks consisting of two parts viz. i) Part- A for
25 marks, ii) Part - B for 50marks.
 Part-A is compulsory question which consists of ten sub-questions. The first five sub-questions are from
each unit and carry 2 marks each. The next five sub- questions are one from each unit and carry 3 marks
each.
 Part-B consists of five questions (numbered from 2 to 6) carrying 10 marks each. Each of these
questions is from one unit and may contain sub-questions. For each question there will be an “either”
“or” choice, which means that there will be two questions from each unit and the student should answer
either of the two questions.

IV. EVALUATIONSCHEME:
S. No. Component Duration Marks
1 I Mid Examination 1 hour 20 minutes 20
2 I Assignment - 5
3 II Mid Examination 1 hour 20 minutes 20

4 II Assignment - 5
5 External Examination 3 hours 75

V. COURSEOBJECTIVES:
At the end of the course, the students will be able to:
 To compare EHV AC and HVDC systems and various Types of DC links
 To analyze Graetz circuit with different mode of operations
 To control HVDC systems through various methods of AC/DC power flow study
 To describe various protection methods for HVDC systems and Harmonics reduce filter design.

VI. COURSEOUTCOMES:
After completing this course the student must demonstrate the knowledge and ability to:

Knowledge Level
S. No. Course Outcomes (CO) (Blooms Level)
Distinguish between EHV AC and HVDC systems and various
CO1 types of DC links. L2: UNDERSTAND

CO2 Design the Graetz circuit with different mode of operations L4: ANALYZE

Generalize the importance of HVDC converters, AC/DC Power

CO3 L2: UNDERSTAND
flow and its reactive power control techniques
CO4 Compute various converter’s faults and its protections L3: APPLY

CO5 Design the harmonics reduction filters for HVDC transmission L4: ANALYZE

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VII. HOW PROGRAM OUTCOMES AREASSESSED:

Proficiency
Program Outcomes (PO) Level
assessed by
PO1 Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of
mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals, and an
engineering specialization to the solution of complex 3 Assignments
engineering problems related to Electrical and Electronics
Engineering.
PO2 Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research
literature, and analyze complex engineering problems
Open ended
related Electrical and Electronics Engineering and reaching 3 experiments /
substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
PO3 Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for
complex engineering problems related Electrical and
Electronics Engineering and design system components or
2 Assignments
processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural,
societal, and environmental considerations.
PO4 Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-
based knowledge and research methods including design of
---- ------
experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis
of the information to provide valid conclusions.
PO5 Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate
techniques, resources, and modern engineering and IT tools
---- ------
including prediction and modeling to complex engineering
activities with an understanding of the limitations.
PO6 The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the
contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal
and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities 1 Case study Analysis
relevant to the Electrical and Electronics Engineering
professional engineering practice.
PO7 Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of
the Electrical and Electronics Engineering professional
engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, ---- --------
and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for sustainable
development.
PO8 Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional
ethics and responsibilities and norms of the engineering ---- -------
practice.
PO9 Individual and team work: Function effectively as an
individual, and as a member or leader in diverse teams, and in ---- -------
multidisciplinary settings.
PO10 Communication: Communicate effectively on complex
engineering activities with the engineering community and
with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and
---- -------
write effective reports and design documentation, make
effective presentations, and give and receive clear
instructions.
PO11 Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge
and understanding of the engineering and management
principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member ---- -------
and leader in a team, to manage projects and in
multidisciplinary environments.
PO12 Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the 1
preparation and ability to engage in independent and life-long Competitive
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 Proficiency
Program Outcomes (PO) Level
assessed by
Examinations
learning in the broadest context of technological change.
1:Slight (Low) 2:Moderate(Medium) 3:Substantial(High) - :None

HOW PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED:

Proficiency
Program Specific Outcomes (PSO) Level
assessed by
PSO1 Talented to analyze, design, and implement electrical &
PSO1 Lectures/
electronics systems and deal with the rapid pace of industrial 2 Assignments/
innovations and developments.
NPTEL
PSO2 Skillful to use application and control techniques for research and
advanced studies in Electrical & Electronics Engineering domain. 2 Mini Projects
/ Simulation

1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) - : None

3: Substantial (High)

VIII. SYLLABUS:

UNIT – I

Basic Concepts: Necessity of HVDC systems, Economics and Terminal equipment of HVDC
transmission systems, Types of HVDC Links, Apparatus required for HVDC Systems, Comparison of
AC and DC Transmission, Application of DC Transmission System, Planning and Modern trends in
D.C. Transmission.Analysis of HVDC Converters: Choice of Converter Configuration, Analysis of
Graetz circuit, Characteristics of 6 Pulse and 12 Pulse converters, Cases of two 3 phase converters in
Y/Y mode – their performance.

UNIT – II

Converter and HVDC System Control: Principle of DC Link Control, Converters Control
Characteristics, Firing angle control, Current and extinction angle control, Effect of source inductance
on the system, Starting and stopping of DC link, Power Control. Reactive Power Control In HVDC:
Introduction, Reactive Power Requirements in steady state, sources of reactive power- Static VAR
Compensators, Reactive power control during transients.

UNIT – III

Power Flow Analysis in AC/DC Systems: Modelling of DC Links, DC Network, DC Converter,

Controller Equations, Solution of DC load flow, P.U. System for DC quantities, solution of AC-DC
Power flow-Simultaneous method-Sequential method.

UNIT – IV

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 Converter Faults and Protection: Converter faults, protection against over current and over voltage
in converter station, surge arresters, smoothing reactors, DC breakers, Audible noise, space charge
field, corona effects on DC lines, Radio interference.

UNIT – V

Harmonics: Generation of Harmonics, Characteristics harmonics, calculation of AC Harmonics, Non-

Characteristics harmonics, adverse effects of harmonics, Calculation of voltage and Current
harmonics, Effect of Pulse number on harmonics Filters: Types of AC filters, Design of Single tuned
filters –Design of High pass filters.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. “K. R. Padiyar”, HVDC Power Transmission Systems: Technology and system Interactions,
New Age International (P) Limited, and Publishers, 1990.
2. “S K Kamakshaiah, V Kamaraju”, HVDC Transmission, TMH Publishers, 2011
3. “S. Rao”, EHVAC and HVDC Transmission Engineering and Practice, Khanna publications, 3 rd
Edition 1999.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. “Jos Arrillaga”, HVDC Transmission, The institution of electrical engineers, IEE power &
energy series 29, 2nd edition 1998.
2. “E. W. Kimbark”, Direct Current Transmission, John Wiley and Sons, volume 1, 1971.
3. “E. Uhlmann”, Power Transmission by Direct Current, B. S. Publications, 2009

NPTEL Video Lectures

1. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108104013/
2. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108104013/1
3. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108104013/2
4. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108104013/3
5. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108104013/4
6. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108104013/5
7. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108104013/6
8. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108104013/7
9. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108104013/8
10. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108104013/9

IX. COURSEPLAN:
At the end of the course, the students are able to achieve the following course learning outcomes:

Lecture Unit Teaching

week Topics to be covered Course Learning Outcomes References
no no Methodologies
1 Able to understand the
1 Necessity of HVDC systems chalk & talk T1, R2
EHV and DC
2. Economics and Terminal equipment of transmission merits and chalk & talk T1, R2
HVDC transmission systems, drawbacks
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 Types of HVDC Links, Apparatus required
3. chalk & talk T1, R2
for HVDC Systems,
Comparison of AC and DC Transmission,
4. chalk & talk T1, R2
Application of HVDC Transmission
System
Planning and Modern trends in D.C.
5. chalk & talk T1, R2
Transmission.

6. Choice of Converter Configuration chalk & talk T1, R2

2
Analysis of Graetz circuit, Characteristics
7. chalk & talk T1, R2
of 6 Pulse and 12 Pulse converters Able to design basic
Characteristics of 6 Pulse and 12 Pulse Graets circuit and
8. 1 PPT T1, R2
converters analysing of its
performance
9. Two 3 phase converters in Y/Y mode chalk & talk T1, R2

10. Y/Y mode performance chalk & talk T1, R2

3
11. Principle of DC Link Control chalk & talk T1, R2
Able to understand about
12. Converters Control Characteristics, chalk & talk T1, R2
different control
techniques of HVDC T1,T2
13. Firing angle control system chalk & talk

Current and extinction angle control chalk & talk T1,T2

14.
4 chalk & talk T1,T2
Effect of source inductance on the system chalk & talk
15.
2 Starting and stopping of DC link and T1,T2
16. Power Control Able to understand about chalk & talk
DC link
Introduction about Reactive Power characteristics T1,T2
chalk & talk
17. Requirements
T1,T2
18. sources of reactive power PPT
5
T1,T2
19. Static VAR Compensators Able to understand about chalk & talk
VAR compensators T1,T2
20. Reactive power control during transients chalk & talk
T1,T2
21. Modelling of DC Links chalk & talk

Modelling of DC Links chalk & talk T1,T2

22. 6
23. DC Network, DC Converter Able to analysis the chalk & talk T1,T2
modelling of DC links
Controller Equations chalk & talk T1,T2
24. and load flows
3
25. Solution of DC load flow, chalk & talk T1,T2

26. Solution of DC load flow, PPT NTPEL

7 chalk & talk T1,T2
P.U. System for DC quantities
27.
solution of AC-DC Power flow chalk & talk T1,T2
28. Simultaneous method
8
Able to develop the
Solution of AC-DC Power flow T1,T2
solution for AC-DC chalk & talk
29. -Sequential method.
power flow
Comparison between Simultaneous T1,T2
30. chalk & talk
method and Sequential method.
4 Able to identify the chalk & talk T1,T2
31. Intro about Converter faults, PPT
converter faults
32. Converter faults, chalk & talk T1,T2

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 protection against over current and over
33. chalk & talk T1,T3
voltage in converter station
protection against over current and over T1,T3
chalk & talk
34. 9 voltage in converter station
surge arresters, smoothing reactors chalk & talk T1,T3
35. Able to understand the
HVDC link protection chalk & talk T1,T3
36. smoothing reactors, DC breakers
methods
Audible noise, space charge field chalk & talk T1,T3
37.

corona effects on DC lines chalk & talk T1,T3

38.
10
Radio interference chalk & talk T1,T3
39.
40. Intro Harmonics chalk & talk
PPT NTPEL

41. Generation of Harmonics chalk & talk T1,R2

42. Characteristics harmonics chalk & talk T1,R2

11 T1,R2
calculation of AC Harmonics chalk & talk
43.
calculation of AC Harmonics Able to understand chalk & talk T1,R2
44. different types of
Non- Characteristics harmonics chalk & talk T1,R2
45. Harmonics and its
46. adverse effects of harmonics behaviours. chalk & talk T1,R2
12 Calculation of voltage and Current chalk & talk T1,R2
47. harmonics
5 Calculation of voltage and Current chalk & talk T1,R2
48. harmonics
Effect of Pulse number on harmonics chalk & talk T1,R2
49.
Filters: Types of AC filters chalk & talk T1,R2
50.
13
Design of Single tuned filters chalk & talk T1,R2
51.
52. Design of Single tuned filters Able to design different chalk & talk T1,R2
filters circuits for
Design of High passes filters. T1,R2
53. HVDC transmission chalk & talk
Design of High passes filters. chalk & talk T1,R2
54. 14
Case study -
55. HVDC transmission advancements
analysis

X. MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES LEADING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF

PROGRAM OUTCOMES AND PROGRAM SPECIFICOUTCOMES:
Program
Course Outcomes

Specific
Program Outcomes (PO)
Outcomes
(PSO)

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2

CO1 3 3 2 1 1 2 2

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 CO2 3 3 2 1 1 2 2
CO3 3 3 2 1 1 2 2
CO4 3 3 2 1 1 2 2
CO5 3 3 2 1 1 2 2
AVG 3 3 2 1 1 2 2
2: Moderate 3: Substantial
1: Slight (Low) - : None
(Medium) High)

XII. QUESTION BANK (JNTUH)

Blooms Taxonomy Course

Level Outcome
S. No Question
UNIT - I
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1 List out the applications of HVDC? Understand 1

2 What are the types of transmission system? Analyze 1

State the comparison of AC & DC transmission
3 Remember 1
system?
4 State the disadvantage in dc transmission? Understand 1

5 State the advantages in DC transmission? Remember 1

6 What are the types of DC link? Understand 1
7 Name the HVDC transmission in india? Understand 1
8 What are the limitations of EHVAC transmission? Remember 1
9 What are the types of dc links? Understand 1
Draw the cost vs distance curve of ac and dc
10 Understand 1
transmission?

11 Define pulse number? Remember 1

12 Draw the diagram graetz bridge circuit Analyze 1

Write the equation of ac current and dc voltage
13 Analyze 1
harmonics
14 What is choice of converter configuration? Analyze 1
15 Define peak inverse voltage? Remember 1
Draw the schematic diagram of three & two valve
16 Understand 1
conduction mode
Define twelve pulse converter with schematic
17 Remember 1
diagram
What is meant by neglecting overlap in gratez in
18 Remember 1
bridge circuit
19 What is commutation voltage of valves? Understand 1
What are the assumptions made to simplify the
20 Remember 1
analysis of Gratez circuit?
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
What are the different applications of dc transmission
1 Analyze 1
system? Explain them in detail?
With neat sketches explain the different kinds of dc
2 Analyze 1
link available?
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 Explain the comparison of AC and DC transmission
3 Understand 1
in detail
Explain in detail about the planning of HVDC
4 Analyze 1
transmission?
Explain the technological development of modern
5 Analyze 1
trends in dc transmission
Explain the major components of HVDC
6 Apply 1
transmission in converter station unit?
State the advantages and disadvantages of dc
7 transmission system with following economics, 1
reliability, and performance Understand
Draw a typical HVDC layout and explain their basic
8 Analyze 1
components?

Explain the modern trends in dc transmission? Apply 1

9
Explain the application of HVDC c transmission
Analyze 1
10 system?
Draw the schematic circuit diagram of a 6 pulse
11 Understand 1
gratez circuit and explain its principle of operation.
Explain the individual characteristics of a rectifier
12 Understand 1
and an inverter with sketch

Derive the expression for input power, output power

13 and power factor of 12- pulse bridge converter with Analyze 1
delay angle α. Assume there is no overlap.

Explain the effect of overlap angle on the

14 Analyze 1
performance of converter circuit
Explain the choice of converter configuration for any
15 Analyze 1
pulse number
Explain the analysis of 12 pulse converter with
16 Analyze 1
bridge rectifier
Give the typical converter transformer rating for a
17 Analyze 1
HVDC transmission system?
Explain the term angle of advance and its
18 Analyze 1
significance in inverter control
What are the different types of modes of operation of
19 Understand 1
rectifier?
Write down the average dc voltage of Graetz circuit
20 Understand 1
without overlap?
21 Compare EHVAC and HVDC transmission? Understand 1
22 Explain the limitation of EHVAC system? Understand 1
23 Explain the different types of HVDC link? Understand 1
Explain the application of HVDC transmission
24 Understand 1
system?
Explain the planning for HVDC transmission
25 Remember 1
system?
26 Explain the modern trends in dc transmission? Evaluate 1
Draw the variation of voltage along the transmission
27 line during different Apply 1
loading condition?
What are the different applications of dc transmission
28 system? Explain them in Apply 1
detail?

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 Explain in detail about the planning of HVDC
29 Apply 1
Transmission?
State the advantages and disadvantages of dc
30 transmission system with Apply 1
following economics, reliability, and performance
Explain with the help of neat diagram and wave
forms, the operation of 6-pulse bridge converter with
delay angle a and overlap angle u. derive the
expression
31 for its dc output voltage Remember 1
Show the rating of the valve used in gratez circuit is
32 2.094Pd where Pd is dc Understand 1
power transmitted.
What are the different types of modes of operation of
33 Remember 1
rectifier?
34 Write down the converter bridge characteristics? Understand 1
Derive the expression for input power, output power
and power factor of 6-
35 Apply 1
pulse bridge converter with delay angle α. Assume
there is no overlap.
Sketch the output dc voltage waveform and voltage
across any one valve for 6- pulse bridge converter for
the following two cases,
(i) Delay angle α=30 degree and overlap angle
36 Remember 1
u=5 degree.
(ii) angle of advance β=30 degree and
overlap angle u=5 degree
37 Explain in detail the principle of DC Link control. Apply 1
Explain firing angle control & current and extinction
38 Remember 1
angle control
Sketch the output dc voltage waveform and voltage
39 across any one valve for Apply 1
12-pulse bridge
Give the typical converter transformer rating for
40 Apply 1
aHVDC transmission system?

UNIT - II
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1 What will be the current regulation in inverter side? Understand 2
2 Define firing angle control. Understand 2
3 What is un compounded inverter? Understand 2
Draw the characteristics curve for inverter
4 Analyze 2
compounding?
5 Write down the converter bridge characteristics? Analyze 2
6 Explain overlap angle and extinction angle. Analyze 2
Discuss in detail the effect of source inductance on
7 Analyze 2
hvdc system
Explain the individual characteristics of a rectifier
8 Analyze 2
and an inverter with sketches.
9 Explain current and extinction angle control. Analyze 2

10 | P a g e
 Draw and explain the inverter and rectifier
10 compounding characteristics with constant voltage Apply 2
and current curve.
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
Explain firing angle control & current and
1 Analyze 2
extinction angle control
2 Explain overlap angle and extinction angle. Remember 2
Define the term angle of advance and its
3 Remember 2
significance in inverter control
Explain the individual characteristics of a rectifier
4 Analyze 2
and an inverter with sketches
Discuss in detail about the transformer tap changer
5 Analyze 2
with its types
Discuss in detail about the converter control
6 Analyze 2
characteristics of hvdc system
7 Discuss in detail the principle of DC Link control. Analyze 2
8 Explain the system control hierarchy Analyze 2
Explain the un compounded inverter with neat
9 Understand 2
sketches
Why the delay angle and extinction angles are to be
10 Understand 2
maintained to minimum value
ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS
1 Explain in detail the principle of DC Link control Understand 2
Explain the term angle of advance and its
2 Understand 2
significance in inverter control
What are the different types of modes of operation
3 Understand 2
of rectifier?
Explain firing angle control & current and
Understand 2
4 extinction angle control
5 Explain the system control hierarchy Analyze 2
6 Explain overlap angle and extinction angle. Apply 2
7 What will be the current regulation in inverter side Apply 2
Why the delay angle and extinction angles are to be
8 maintained to minimum Understand 2
value
Explain the individual characteristics of a rectifier
9 and an inverter with Apply 2
sketches
Explain in detail about the transformer tap changer
10 Apply 2
with its types

UNIT - III
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1 Write the different types of AC/DC power flow Analyze 3

2 What is unified method of DC power flow? Understand 3
3 What is sequential method of DC power flow? Remember 3
What are the advantages of variable elimination
4 Apply 3
method over extended variable method?
5 Draw the DC system model Remember 3
6 Draw the norton’s equivalent circuit for a converter Remember 3

11 | P a g e
 What are the additional constraints needed to
7 Remember 3
include for ac-dc power flow
8 List some essentials of power flow analysis Evaluate 3
Compare sequential and simultaneous methods of
9 Remember 3
ac-dc power flow.
What are the major steps in the power flow
10 Remember 3
analysis of MTDC-AC Systems

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

Discuss the various sources of reactive power for
1 Understand 3
HVDC converters.
What is the reactive power requirement in steady
2 Remember 3
state
3 Discuss conventional control strategies Evaluate 3
4 Discuss alternate control strategies Evaluate 3
5 Write the operation of synchronous condensers. Analyze 3
Explain extended variable method of DC power
6 Analyze 3
flow
Explain the variable elimination method of DC
7 Evaluate 3
power flow
Explain the sequential method of DC power flow.
8 Evaluate 3
Draw the necessary flow chart.
9 Explain about per unit system for DC quantities Evaluate 3
Compare sequential and unified methods of DC
10 Apply 3
power flow.

UNIT - IV
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
What are the additional constraints needed to 4
1 Remember
include for ac-dc power flow?
2 List some essentials of power flow analysis Evaluate 4
Compare sequential and simultaneous methods of 4
3 Remember
ac-dc power flow.
What are the major steps in the power flow 4
4 Remember
analysis of MTDC-AC Systems
5 Define AC filter? Remember 4
6 Define DC Filter? Understand 4
What are the components present in AC & DC 4
7 Remember
filter?
8 What are the types of AC filters & Dc? Apply 4
9 Define single tuned filter? Remember 4
10 How will protect the filter? Remember 4
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
Discuss the various sources of active power for 4
1 Understand
HVDC converters
What is the reactive power requirement in steady 4
2 Apply
state
Explain extended variable method of DC power 4
3 Remember
flow
Explain the variable elimination method of DC 4
4 Remember
power flow
5 Explain the sequential method of DC power flow. Remember 4
Draw the necessary flow

12 | P a g e
 chart
6 Explain about per unit system for DC quantities Remember 4
Compare sequential and unified methods of DC 4
7 Apply
power flow
8 Explain unified method of DC power flow Remember 4
What are the additional constraints needed to 4
9 Understand
include for ac-dc power flow?
Compare sequential and simultaneous methods of 4
10 Apply
ac-dc power flow
State the various sources of harmonics generation 4
11 in HVDC-VSC systems and mention the adverse Apply
effects caused by these harmonics
With neat sketches, explain how a converter 4
transformer is responsible for generation of
12 Evaluate
harmonics and suggest various methods for
minimising them
Define telephone interference Factor and Explain 4
13 Remember
how it varies with harmonic order.
What are the non-characteristics of harmonics in 4
14 Evaluate
HVDC system? How are they generated?
What are other methods of eliminating harmonics 4
15 Apply
with HVDC system
Explain the need to employ filter circuit in HVDC 4
systems. Derive an Expression for minimum cost
16 of tuned AC filters used in HVDC systems. Apply 4
Derive an equation for harmonic voltage and 4
17 current for single tuned filter and discuss the Analyse
influence of network admittance
Give a detailed account of design aspects of 4
following filters Analyse
18 (a) Single tuned filter (b)Double tuned filter 4
What are the other methods of eliminating or 4
19 suppressing harmonics with HVDC system? Give a Analyze
comparison using passive filter network

UNIT - V
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1 Define Harmonic Analyze 5

2 How harmonics are generated? Understand 5
Mention the various sources of harmonic 5
3 Remember
generation in HVDC system
What are other methods of eliminating harmonics 5
4 Remember
with HVDC system
5 Write the different types of AC/DC power flow Analyze 5
6 What is unified method of DC power flow? Understand 5
7 What is sequential method of DC power flow? Remember 5
What are the advantages of variable elimination 5
8 Apply
method over extended variable method?
9 Draw the DC system model Remember 5
10 Draw the norton’s equivalent circuit for a converter Understand 5
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 Explain unified method of DC power flow Analyze 5
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 What are the additional constraints needed to 5
2 Analyze
include for ac-dc power flow?
Compare sequential and simultaneous methods of 5
3 Apply
ac-dc power flow
Write a short note on the following: 5
4 (a) Harmonic distortion Apply 5
(b) telephone Influence factor 5
Mention the various sources of harmonic 5
5 generation in HVDC systems and suggest methods Analyze
to eliminate them
Define telephone interference Factor and Explain 5
6 Analyze
how it varies with harmonic order.
What are the order of harmonics present on the AC 5
7 Analyze
side of the VSC converter DC systems
What are the filter configurations that are 5
8 employed for HVDC Converter station? Give Understand
design aspect of one such filter
Derive an equation for harmonic voltage and 5
9 current for single tuned filter and discuss the Evaluate
influence of network admittance
Give a detailed account of design aspects of 5
following filters
10 (a) Single tuned filter Understand 5
(b) Double tuned filter 5
What are the different types of filters used on the 5
11 AC side of an HVDC system? How are they Apply
located and arranged?

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS: (unit-1 to unit -2)

1) Which among these HVDC projects are commissioned in India?

a. Rihand – Delhi HVDC

b. Vindhyachal Back to Back only
c. Chandrapur only
d. All of these
e. None of these

2) At what location are the shunt capacitors installed for voltages above 33 kV and above?

a. Are located near the motors

b. Are installed in distribution substations
c. Both (A) and (B)
d. None of these

3) What is meant by Creepage Distance?

a. Shortest distance between two conducting parts along a stretched string.

b. Shortest distance between two conducting parts along the surface of the insulating material.
c. Distance between ground and the highest earthed point on the equipment.
d. All of these

4) Which among these is a part of HVDC link?

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 a. Two earth electrodes
b. Converter valves
c. Bipolar DC line
d. All of these
e. None of these

5) At what level is the load shedding carried out?

a. Distribution level
b. Transmission level
c. Both (A) and (B)
d. Depending upon the load

6) Which place is the ‘Regional load dispatch centre’ for the western region in the national grid?

a. Mumbai
b. Ahmadabad
c. Bhopal
d. Nagpur

7) What type of insulation is preferred for DC smoothing Reactors?

a. Air
b. Oil
c. Paper
d. Varnish

8) At what condition does the corona start, if Es is the electrical stress and Ecr is the critical voltage?

a. Es > Ecr
b. Es = Ecr
c. Es < Ecr
d. Es << Ecr

9) Which method of voltage control is applied for long line AC transmissions?

a. Switching by shunt capacitors

b. Tap changing transformers
c. Switching by shunt reactors
d. Static Var sources

10) For what voltage is Twin conductor bundle used in India?

a. 220 kV
b. 500 kV
c. 750 kV
d. 330 kV

11. Which type of dc link, all conductors have negative polarity

(a) Homopolar (b) Monopolar (c) Bipolar (d) None

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 12. When two power systems are connected through ac ties, the automatic
generation control of both systems have to be coordinated using
(a) Line current & voltage signals (b) Line power & voltage signals
(c) Line power & frequency signals (d) Line current & frequency signals
13. Which factor must be considered by system planner for expansion of dc
alternative in transmission
(a) Cost (b) Technical performance (c) Reliability (d) All
14. The break even distance can vary in the range for over head lines
(a) 300km (b) 500km (c) 100km (d) 1000km
15. The following is the application of hvdc
transmission (a)Small distance bulk power
transmission (b)Medium bulk power
transmission
(c)Long distance bulk power transmission (d) None
16. HVDC transmission commercially began in the year
(a) 1950 (b) 1954 (c) 1970 (d) 1935
17. Modern HVDC systems are all
(a) 3-pulse converters (b) 6-pulse converters
(c) 24-pulse converters (d) 12-pulse converters
18. The break even distance is the distance beyond which
(a) DC transmission is economical (b) AC transmission is economical
(c) Cost of the both systems are same (d) Both (b)and(c)
19. The initial HVDC valves were
(a) IGATS (b) Thyristors
(c) Mercury arc valves (d) None of the above
20 . Which type of dc link, all conductors have negative polarity
.
(a) Homopolar (b) Monopolar (c) Bipolar (d) None
21. When two power systems are connected through ac ties, the automatic ]
generation control of both systems have to be coordinated using
(a) Line current & voltage signals (b) Line power & voltage signals
(c) Line power & frequency signals (d) Line current & frequency signals
22. Which factor must be considered by system planner for expansion of dc ]
alternative in transmission
(a) Cost (b) Technical performance (c) Reliability (d) All
23. The break even distance can vary in the range for over head lines ]
(a) 300km (b) 500km (c) 100km (d) 1000km

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24. The following is the application of hvdc transmission ]
(a)Small distance bulk power transmission (b) Medium bulk power transmission
(c)Long distance bulk power transmission (d) None

25. HVDC transmission commercially began in the year ]

(a) 1950 (b) 1954 (c) 1970 (d) 1935
26. Modern HVDC systems are all ]
(a) 3-pulse converters (b) 6-pulse converters
(c) 24-pulse converters (d) 12-pulse converters
27. The break even distance is the distance beyond which ]
(a) DC transmission is economical (b) AC transmission is economical
(c) Cost of the both systems are same (d) Both (b)and(c)
28. The initial HVDC valves were ]
(a) IGATS (b) Thyristors
(c) Mercury arc valves (d) None of the above
29. The first HVDC scheme in India
(a) Vidhyachal back-to-back system (b ) Chandrapur-Padghe scheme
(c) Delhi-Rihand 500kv system (d) Sileru-Barsoor system
30. DC-VSC scheme employs
a. IGBT valves (b) Light or optically triggered thyristor valves
(c) Mercury arc valves (d) MOSFETs and GTO valves
31. Thyristor valves came into operation in the year
(a)1950 (b)1954 (c)1972
(d)2000
32. The output voltage of a converter is changed by varying
a. α (b) µ (c) γ (d) Anyone α ,µ or γ
33. A Thyristor valve conducts when
a. Anode is positive (b) Anode is positive with positive gate
pulse (c)Anode is negative (d) Anode is positive with
negative gate pulse
34. In 12-pulse converter transformers are connected
(a)Delta/Delta(both) (b)Star/Star(both)
(c)Star/Delta(both) (d)one Star/Star and other Star/Delta
35. The reactive power requirements are increased if α is
(a)Decreased (b) Increased (c) Constant (d) None
36. The synchronous condenser which is operated at power factor on no load
a. Lagging power factor (b) Unity power factor
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 (c) Leading power factor (d) None
37.The first HVDC scheme in India
(b ) Chandrapur-Padghe scheme
b. Vidhyachal back-
to-back system (d) Sileru-Barsoor system
(c) Delhi-Rihand 500kv system
38.HVDC-VSC scheme employs
a.IGB (bb.Light or optically triggered thyristor
T
(c) Mercury arc valves d.MOSFETs and GTO valves
39.Thyristor valves came into operation in the year ]
(a)1950 (b)1954 (c)1972 (d)2000
40.The output voltage of a converter is changed by varying ]
(a) α (b) µ (c) γ (d) Anyone α ,µ or γ
41.A Thyristor valve conducts when ]
a.Anode is positive (b) Anode is positive with positive gate
pulse (c)Anode is negative (d) Anode is positive with negative gate
pulse
42. In 12-pulse converter transformers are connected
(a)Delta/Delta(both) (b)Star/Star(both)
(c)Star/Delta(both) (d)one Star/Star and other Star/Delta
43. The reactive power requirements are increased if α is
(a)Decreased (b) Increased

(c) Constant (d) None

44. The synchronous condenser which is operated at power factor on no load
a. Lagging power factor (b) Unity power factor
(c) Leading power factor (d) None

1.45. HVDC transmission commercially began in the year

(a) 1950 (b) 1954 (c) 1970 (d) 1935
2.46. Modern HVDC systems are all
(a) 3-pulse converters (b) 6-pulse converters
(c) 24-pulse converters (d) 12-pulse converters
3.47 The break even distance is the distance beyond which
(a) DC transmission is economical (b) AC transmission is economical
(c) Cost of the both systems are same (d) Both (b)and(c)

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 4.48 The initial HVDC valves were
(a) IGATS (b) Thyristors
(c) Mercury arc valves (d) None of the above
49 The first HVDC scheme in India
(a) Vidhyachal back-to-back system (b ) Chandrapur-Padghe scheme
(c) Delhi-Rihand 500kv system (d) Sileru-Barsoor system
7.50 HVDC-VSC scheme employs
(a) IGBT valves (b) Light triggered thyristor valves
(c) Mercury arc valves (d) MOSFETs and GTO valves
8.51 Thyristor valves came into operation in the year
(a)1950 (b)1954 (c)1972 (d)2000

XII. WEBSITES:
https://www.edx.org/course/HVDC transmission
https://www.edx.org/micromasters/EHV vs HVDC

XIV. EXPERT DETAILS: NA

XV. JOURNALS:

INTERNATIONAL
1. International Journal of smart grid transmission (IJSGT)
2. International Journal of Power system transmission (IJPST)

NATIONAL
1. Journal of power system and Applications
2. Journal of energy Research and Development

XVI. LIST OF TOPICS FOR STUDENT SEMINARS:

1. Advanced dc link protections
2. Comparison between EHV and UHV
3. HVDC control and operations.

XVII. CASE STUDIES / SMALL PROJECTS:

1. Preparing layout for HVDC transmission station

2. Develop the step by step procedure for the HVDC transmission.

Preparedby: Team of Instructors-HVDC transmission

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