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EFFECTS OF HAVING AN OFW PARENT ON ACADEMIC

PERFORMANCE OF HUMSS 12 STUDENTS IN TANZA
NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL
SY 2018-2019

Rey Glenn Dumagat

Ladylyn Mercado
Rowena Joy Orillo
Jaycee Soriano
Mark Neil Daan
John Bert Dacuba
Aldrin Galutan

A Research Study manuscript submitted to the faculty of Science Department, Tanza

National Comprehensive High School-Senior High School in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the subject Inquiries, Immersion and Investigation, prepared under
the supervision of Mrs. Catherine S. Morales.

INTRODUCTION

Philippine is one of the countries with most numbers of Overseas Filipino

workers across the globe. It also shows that both parents, the father or the mother

work there to produce high income and sustain the needs of their children especially

in terms of their education. One of the vital roles a parent must consider is to be

serious nowadays in facing the millennial learners. Due also to the fact that it is not

easy to send their children to formal education; it is also difficult to watch them over

and give them proper reinforcement because of the miles of distance between them.

Parents primarily should be the source of good values, the first teacher, the

provider and the motivator of their children to achieve their goals in life. Their

responsibility to their children cannot be paid with any material things. It is not
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enough that parents excelled only as good provider and yet they lack of proper

guidance and counseling to their children. The usual happenings are that there will be

rebellion on the part of their children, feeling of discomfort, loneliness and

abandonment that may result from various unnecessary conferences such as going

into drugs, alcoholism, cutting classes and exploitation of their own properties. These

facts of life are inevitable because the emotion being felt by the children toward their

parents working abroad are unpredictable and not constantly changing, the same as

their views in life.

Better job opportunities and higher pay overseas have urged many Filipinos to

work abroad and leave their families for years. In fact, way back in 2006 alone, 1.5

million Filipino workers were deployed to various parts of the globe. So, a number

children these days experience the absence of fathers or mothers, who tend to come

home only once in every two to three years. The situation is far from normal and is

more-likely to cause a huge impact on the mental and emotional well-being of the

children. The increasing amount of absentee parents becomes more alarming because

without them, discipline is not enforced at home.

The focus of this study was to determine the advantage and disadvantage of

having an OFW parent has on the quality of life of senior high school students and

their academic performance. Previous studies have evaluated the impact of self-

efficacy, stress, and other variables on the performance of senior high school students.

Background of the Study

Study habit is a method used regularly by a person who sees gaining

knowledge. Study habit is a broad concepts it combines many subtopics under it such
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as study skills, study methods, and study skills. Study habit is also related to student’s

behaviour and affects the overall performance of students. Grades of students defer

from one to another this is due to their different efforts and performances in school

which is related to their study habit. Nowadays we live in a highly competitive world

especially in work place therefore students must obtained sufficient knowledge on

study habits and factors, causes and situations that affects study habits.

Statement of the Problem

The study is focused on the effects of having an Overseas Filipino Workers

(OFW) Parents on Students Academic Performance.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the students based on :

1.1Name;

1.2Age;

1.3Gender;

1.4Final Grade (1st Semester)

2. What are the negative effects of having an OFW Family on students’ academic
performance?

3. What are the benefits of having an OFW parent?

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Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The main purpose of the study was to provide information regarding the

advantage and disadvantage of having an OFW Family on the academic performance

of the students. The study considers the student’s personal information such as their

name (optional), gender, age, and section.

The researchers limited the study to 32 male and 28 female HUMSS students

enrolled in the second semester of school year 2018-2019 of Tanza National

Comprehensive High School. Each of the respondents was given a questionnaire to

answer. The students selected came from four different sections to prevent bias and

get objective perceptions.

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Conceptual Framework

OUTPUT
INPUT
ADVANTAGE AND
 Demographic DISADVANTAGES OF
Profile HAVING AN OFW
 OFW Family FAMILY ON THE
 Academic ACADEMIC
Performance PERFORMANCE OF
HUMSS 12 IN TANZA
NATIONAL
COMPREHENSIVE
HIGH SCHOOL
SCHOOL YEAR 2018-
2019

PROCESS

Through survey by
giving questionnaires

Figure1. Diagram showing the Effects of Having an OFW Parent on Academic

Performance of HUMSS 12 in Tanza National Comprehensive High School S.Y.

2018-2019

The input of this study was demographic profile of the participants and OFW

Family. The researchers used survey questionnaires in checklist form in gathering

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data to investigate the advantage and disadvantage of having an OFW Family on the

academic performance of the participants. The output of this study was the advantage

and disadvantage of having an OFW Family on academic performance of HUMSS 12

at Tanza National Comprehensive High School S.Y. 2018-2019.

Significance of the Study

The study was conducted to find out the advantages and disadvantages of

having an OFW parents on the academic performance of Grade 12 students in Tanza

National Comprehensive High School. The result of this study will be beneficial to

school, students and teachers, researchers as well as future researchers. In addition,

this study has more pieces of information about the advantages and disadvantages of

having an OFW family on the academic performance of the students. It also talked

about what could be the possible effects (both positive and negative) of it in their

learning.

Students. It will benefit them to know the advantage and disadvantages of

having an OFW parents. They will know the reason why they need to work abroad

and be aware that being part of an OFW family is not a hindrance in fulfilling their

goals. Instead, they can make it as their motivation.

Teachers. It will help the teachers to know the reason why student feeling and

performing that way. They will understand who have a parents working abroad.

Giving them attention that parents do not do every day. The teacher will also

determine the problem of their students on why they are losing interest in studying

and becoming lazy to study their lesson and by that, it will enable them to make

strategies in motivating the students.

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Parents. It will help the parents to know the difficulties of their children in

school experiencing this kind of set up (away from each other). If ever they become

an OFW they will know the feelings of their children. Giving them chance to talk to

each other and guide their children even if they are far from them.

Researcher. We will also get benefit to this study by knowing the reasons

why they are having problems in academic performance. And also if we have friends

who do the same or having also an OFW parent, we will guide his/her in every action

that he/she will do.

Future Researcher. They can use this study as a guide if they will replicate

our study. They can also add or eliminate some data if they want this study to become

unique and extra ordinary.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined conceptually and operationally based on how
these are used in the study.

Overseas Filipino Workers. are the persons who usually work overseas to earn

money for the family.

Academic Performance. Is the extent in which the student - teacher or institution has

achieved their short or long term education goals.

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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter discusses related concepts and theories to establish solid

theoretical background of the study. Foreign and local studies are included to set and

provide input for the conceptualization of the framework of this research.

Foreign Literature and Related Studies

The education of the children is the most essential thing that the

parents should provide and support in all term at any means. As Mahatma Gandhi

stated, “education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the

world”. It only means that education in children are vital because in them relies the

future of a certain country. Thus, education trains the students how to be skillful and

academically inclined individuals that can be used to provide them somehow a better

future. Nevertheless, how can a student be skillful and academically inclined if they

are emotionally unstable in the sense that they need their parents to support them not

just financially but also morally.

According to Ntitika J.L. (2014) in his study, “The economic status

of parents can also be concluded as to affect the academic performance of some

students. This whereby some of the students who come from families, which are not

economically stable, tend to be chased out of school for fees whereas others are not

able to purchase some of the reading materials. This affects their performance largely.

Moreover, poor economic backgrounds limit the parents from sending their children

to schools that have adequate facilities or of high standards simply because they are

not able to meet the educational cost required.

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According to the study of Antobam S.K., he cited that “Thus more

mothers are leaving behind their children in the rural areas in search for job in the

urban centers so as to be able to cater for their children.

According to Grolier Academic Encyclopedia (Vol.15) “the status of

parenthood results in certain results in rights and duties existing between parents and

minor children. Modern statutes in the United States provide both the father and the

mother, are natural guardians of offspring. If it becomes necessary for the law to

appoint alternative guardians, these people are known as guardians by law. Parents are

responsible for the health, financial support, and education of their children”. It only

means that whatever kind of parents you are, biologically or appointed by law, you

are oblige to give the basic needs of your children, mostly education.

According to the studies of Arguillas M.J.; Williams L. (2010) “Family

structure, household resources, numbers of siblings competing for those resources,

and parents’ own educational attainment are often important predictors of children’s

education outcomes. Overseas migration of parents from the Philippines has resulted

in increasing numbers of long-term separations of parents from each other and from

their children. Western-based analyses might predict negative education outcomes for

children as a result of parental absence. We see that separations caused by overseas

migration often are either neutral or can have positive effect son schooling outcomes,

at least among older children. Girls fare better in terms of educational attainment than

do boys overall. Boys are often more affected by background variables, including

parents’ international migration.”

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Local Literature

Overseas Filipino Workers or OFWs are Filipinos who are employed in

foreign countries. They travel abroad to seek better opportunities in order to provide

for the needs of their families in the Philippines. They are also known as “Overseas

Contract Workers” (OCWs), since they work abroad through a contract of several

years with their employer. The OFW was officially adopted under the President Fidel

V. Ramos Administration to give recognition to the millions of Filipinos who

sacrifice by working in other countries. The change, replacing ‘Contract’ with

‘Filipino’ – honors these Filipino workers by pledging the Philippine government’s

commitment to their welfare wherever they may be, and removing the pre-conditioned

of possession of contract in order for Philippines consulates to come to their aid,

under the Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipinos Act of 1995 (Republic Act 8042).“

In Asia, the Philippines is the major supplier of labor migrants to

over100 countries and the leading female migrant sending countries along with

Indonesia, more than 8 million (10%) out of the 85 million Filipinos were working or

living abroad. While over 72% of total migrants from Philippines were women

workers. Many of these women work as domestic helpers, nurses, caregivers, and

entertainers. With this huge number of Filipino migrants (and still more) living the

country temporarily (or permanently), a more pressing concern is with regards to

children left behind.

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METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the description of the research design, research

hypothesis, sources of data, participant of the study, sampling technique, research

instrument, data gathering procedure and the statistical treatment of the data.

Research Design

The researchers used descriptive method of research in a form of questionnaire

to investigate effects of having an Overseas Filipino Workers on the academic

performance of the HUMSS 12 students.

However, this study was partly based on a quantitative research method.

Quantitative data-gathering instruments establish computation between measured

variables. When these methods are used, the researchers are usually detached from the

study and the final output is context free.

This study employed the survey questionnaire in checklist form to determine

the effects of having an Overseas Filipino Workers on academic performance of the

learners.

Research Hypothesis

There is no significant effect of Overseas Filipino Workers on academic

peformance of Grade 12 HUMSS students in Tanza National Comprehensive High

School, school year 2018-2019.

Sources of Data

Survey questionnaire in checklist form was the researchers’ main data

gathering instrument. The questionnaire measured the effects of Overseas Filipino

Workers on academic performance of the Grade 12 HUMSS students at Tanza

National Comprehensive Senior High School.

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Participants of the Study

The participants of this study were the Grade 12 HUMSS students at Tanza

National Comprehensive Senior High School, during the school year 2018-2019 that

are having parents working abroad.

Sampling Technique

The researchers used purposive sampling as sampling technique. Only the

students who have their OFW parents are needed in this study.

Purposive Sampling (Judgemental)- is a type of sampling technique wherein the

researchers uses criteria in finding or looking for a respondents.

Research Instrument

The survey questionnaire in checklist form was the main data-gathering

instrument for this study. The questionnaire contained the statements describing the

effects Overseas Filipino Workers on students inside the classroom. The questions

were constructed in a form of Likert scale where 4 is Strongly Agree; 3 is Agree; 2 is

Disagree; and 1 is Strongly Disagree. This was the basis for choices which

represented the degree of agreement each participant had on the given questions.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers wrote a request letter which was addressed to the school

officials of Tanza National Comprehensive High School in Tanza, Cavite. This served

as the permission for the researchers to conduct their study in this school. After the

approval, the researchers directly approached the concerned teachers to inform them

their study and to discuss the details of the data gathering procedures.

The researchers made a survey questionnaire with the guidance of their thesis

adviser. Through questionnaire, researchers can gather the needed data to fulfill the
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objectives of their study. Information includes the profile of the participants, the

effects of Overseas Filipino Workers and the academic performance of the students.

After the researchers had conducted the survey, they analyzed and tallied the results

and proceeded to the statistical treatment of data.

Statistical Treatment

The researchers used mean, likert scale, grade remarks, standard deviation,

frequency count and percentage to determine the effect of Overseas Filipino Workers

on academic performance of Grade 12 HUMSS students of Tanza National

Comprehensive High School.

The following formula was used:

Mean was used to get the effectiveness of Overseas Filipino Workers.

Formula:

𝛴𝑓𝑥
Mean =
𝑛

Where:

fx– is the summation of the product of the frequency and class mark

n– is the total number of the population

The basis for rating the effectiveness of facebook usage is stated below.

Table 1. Likert scale for verbal interpretation of the mean

RANGE VERBAL INTERPRETATION

3.26-4.00 Strongly Agree

2.51-3.25 Agree

1.76-2.50 Disagree

1.00-1.75 Strongly Disagree

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Table 2. Rating scale for verbal interpretation of average grade

GRADE VERBAL INTERPRETATION
90-100 Outstanding
85-89 Very Satisfactory
80-84 Satisfactory
75-79 Fairly Satisfactory
Below 75 Did not meet expectations

Standard deviation was used to get the effectiveness of Overseas Filipino Workers.

Formula :

∑𝑓(𝑥−𝑥̅ )2
s=√
𝑛−1

Where:

S = Standard deviation

∑f = Total number of the frequency

x = Score

𝑥̅ = mean

N= the total number of cases

Percentage and frequency count were used to determine the demographic profile and

as well as grades.

Formula:

P = (Value/ Total Value) x 100

Here is the formula of T-test that we used in order to solve for the effectiveness of

having an OFW parent on the academic performance of Grade 12 HUMSS students.

𝑥̅ − 𝑦̅
𝑡=
𝑆𝑑
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Where:

𝑥̅ - mean of all pre- test values

𝑦̅-mean of all post-test values

Sd-standard deviation of the distribution of difference between the scores

Table 3. Verbal Interpretation for T- test

RANGE VERBAL INTERPRETATION

p≥.05 Difference is not significant

p≤.05 Difference is significant

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter puts on view the outcomes of the study in illustrative tables and

their corresponding analysis with the interpretations derived from the statistical

treatment of data.

Profile of Grade 12 students

Table 1 shows the distribution of the participants according to their sex. It

revealed that majority of the participants are female and male with the frequency

count of 28 in female and 32 in male which corresponds to 53 percent of male and 47

percent of female.

Table 1.Distribution of participants according to their sex

SEX FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Male 32 53.00

Female 28 47.00

TOTAL 60 100.00

Table 2 shows the distribution of the participants according to their age. It

shows that majority of the participants belonged to the age of 18 years old with the

frequency count of 25 which corresponds to 41.67 percent, while participants age 16

years old have the frequency count of 1 which corresponds to 1.67 percent.

Participants with age of 17 years had a frequency count of 23 which corresponds to

38.23 percent, while participants with an age of 19 years old had a frequency count of

8 which corresponds to 13.33 percent. Participants age 20 years old had frequency

count of 3 which corresponds to 5.00 percent respectively.

This implies that 18 years old of senior high school HUMSS students are more
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dominant, for this is the appropriate age for their level.

Table 2. Distribution of participants according to their age

AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

16 1 1.67

17 23 38.33

18 25 41.67

19 8 13.33

20 3 5.00

TOTAL 60 100.00

Table 3 shows the distribution of participants in answering the positive statements. As

you can see the first statement got 4.00 in mean and the standard deviation is 2.02, the

first statement is I always have my allowance per month which is more of the

respondents answers strongly agree. In the second statement, it indicates I always get

what I want, and it have 3.63 in mean and the standard deviation is 1.92, the verbal

interpretation for this statement is strongly agree. Next, in the third statement of the

positive statements, it has a mean of 3.52 and a standard deviation of 1.81, and as you

can see many of the respondents choose to agree for this statement which is I always

able to do my projects. And for the last in the fourth statement, it indicates I always

depend on my parent’s choice, it has a mean of 2.97 and a standard deviation of 1.98,

and the verbal interpretation of this statement is Agree.

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Table 3. Distribution of participants in terms of their answers in Positive Statements.

INDICATOR MEAN STANDARD VERBAL

DEVIATION
INTERPRETATION

I always have my allowance

4.00 .92 Strongly Agree
per month

3.63 .92 Strongly Agree

I always get what I want

3.52 .81 Strongly Agree

I always able to do my
projects
I always depend on my 2.97
.98 Agree
parent’s choice

GRAND MEAN 3.53 1.68 Strongly Agree

Table 4. shows the distribution of participants according to their answers on the

negative effect of having an OFW parents. The indicator, I have no interest in doing

my home works got a mean of 1.66 and interpreted as Strongly Disagree. The

indicator, I always sleep late at night during conversation with my parents got a mean

of 2.36 and interpreted as Agree. The indicator, I always went home late at night got a

mean of 3.22 and interpreted as Agree. The indicator, no one guides me in doing my

homework got a mean of 2.53 and interpreted as Agree. The indicator, I always play

online games in Facebook got mean of 2.67 and interpreted as Agree. The indicator, I

have failing grades got a mean of 1.35 and interpreted as Strongly Disagree.
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Table 4. Distribution of the participants in answering the Negative statements.

INDICATOR MEAN STANDARD VERBAL
DEVIATION
INTERPRETATION

I have no interest in doing

1.66 .14 Strongly Disagree
my home works

I always sleep late at night

during conversation with 2.36 .13 Agree
my parents.

I always went home late at 3.22 .16 Agree

night

No one guides me in doing .14 Strongly Agree

my homework 2.53

1.35 .24 Strongly Disagree

I have failing grades

GRAND MEAN 2.22 0.16 Disagree

Table 5. shows the range of average grade for 1st semester (Midterm) of all the Grade

12 HUMSS respondents. As you can see, from 94-90 it has a frequency of 15 and the

verbal interpretation is Outstanding. For the students who got 85-89, the verbal

interpretation is Very Satisfactory. And for Grade 12 HUMSS student’s grade is

ranging from 80-84, the verbal interpretation is Satisfactory. While for the grades of

students ranging from 75-79, the verbal interpretation is Fairly Satisfactory.

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Table 5. Average grade of Grade 12 HUMSS students.

AVERAGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE VERBAL

INTERPRETATION

90-94 4 6.67% Outstanding

85-89 18 30.00% Very Satisfactory

80-84 29 48.33% Satisfactory

75-79 9 15% Fairly Satisfactory

TOTAL: 60 100%

Table 6. Shows the result of the computation of the means of the two variables using

the T-test as the formula. We used the mean or the grand mean of the average grade

and also the mean for the positive and negative statements and here is the result.

VALUE OF THE T-TEST VERBAL INTERPRETATION

0.02 There is no significant difference

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SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter discusses the summary and conclusions of the study. It also

discusses the recommendations of the researchers to the students, teachers and to the

future researchers.

Summary

The study entitled, Effects of Having an OFW Parents on Academic

Performance of Grade 12 HUMSS students of Tanza National Comprehensive High

School for the School Year 2018-2019, aimed to determine the effects of having a

parent working abroad on the academic performance among the Grade 12 HUMSS

students at Tanza National Comprehensive High School in Daang Amaya II Tanza,

Cavite. Specifically, it aimed to 1. determine the demographic profile of the

participants in terms of age; sex; and academic performance; 2. Determine the

negative effects of having an OFW parent on student’s academic performance; and 3.

determine is there any benefits of having an OFW parent.

The researchers used descriptive method of research in a form of questionnaire

to investigate the effects of having an OFW parents on the academic performance of

HUMSS 12 students.

However, this study was partly based on a quantitative research method. Quantitative

data-gathering instruments establish computation between measured variables. When

these methods are used, the researchers are usually detached from the study and the

final output is context free.

The survey questionnaire was used to gather the answers of the participants

regarding the effects of having an OFW parent on their academic performance and the

researchers used purposive sampling as sampling technique.

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This research employed several statistical instruments such as mean, standard

deviation, frequency count and percentage and T-test, in order to arrive at reliable

results. The results revealed that most of the participants are both male and female

with a frequency of 53 or 47 percent and ranging from 17 to 19 years old with

frequency count of 38.33 or 41.67 percent. The result from the tabulation of the

academic performance shows that 4 participants or 6.67 percent got an academic

grade that ranged from 90 to 100; while 18 participants or 30.00 percent got an

academic grade that ranged from 85-89; 29 participants or 28.33 percent got an

academic grade that ranged from 80-84; while 9 participants or 15 percent got an

academic grade that ranged from 75-79. The highest average is 95 while the lowest

average is 80.

Lastly, the data showed that there is no significant difference between having

an OFW parent and academic performance of Grade 12 HUMSS students at Tanza

National Comprehensive High School for the school year 2018-2019.

Conclusion

Based on the findings gathered, it showed that majority of the respondents

strongly agree that having an OFW parent really have benefits to their academic

performance. It was concluded that having an OFW parent have both positive and

negative effect on the academic performance just like how it appeared in our findings.

In terms of their grades, most of them got a grade ranging from 80 to 85; therefore,

the researchers concluded that the having an OFW parent is negligible in the

academic performance of the students. There is a significant difference in the

academic performance in participant’s general average when they are grouped

according to the result of the findings. But there is no significant difference of the
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effects of having an OFW parents on the academic performance of HUMSS 12

students.

Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusions, the following recommendations are put

forth:

The students should use their allowance coming from their parents working

abroad as a tool for having a good academic performance in order to create

meaningful ones. The students should also enhance their participation skills in the

classroom in order to gain confidence. They must use their allowance to do their

projects or to buy the things that they do not have like papers and many more.

On the other hand, to those students who has problem to their academic

performance because of having an OFW parent they must knew that even without the

presence of their parents who will guide them in their academic performance, they

must limit doing things that will make them bad like drinking alcohol or not attending

school in order to have a full gain benefits of having an OFW parents.