ORGANIZATIONAL Often, informal information is transmitted

COMMUNICATION through the grapevine, a term that

can be traced back to the Civil War, when

loosely hung telegraph wires resembled
Types of Organizational Communication
grapevines.

• single-strand pattern
 Upward Communication is
• gossip pattern
communication of subordinates to
superiors or of employees to managers. • probability pattern
• Serial communication • cluster pattern
• Attitude surveys • Gossip
• Focus groups and Exit interviews • Rumor
• Suggestion boxes

• Third party facilitators

 Downward Communication is that of

superior to subordinate or management
to

 employees.

• Bulletin boards

• Policy manuals

• Newsletters

• Intranets Interpersonal Communication

• The exchange of a message across a

communication channel from one person to
 Business Communication is the another
transmission of business-related
information among employees,
management, and customers.

• Memos

• Telephone calls

• Email and Voice mail

• Business meetings Three problem areas:

• Office Design 1. Intended message versus message sent

 Thinking about what you want to

 Informal Communication
An interesting type of organizational
communication is informal communication.
communicate
 Practice what you want to communicate
 Learn better communication skills
2. Message sent versus message received

 Actual words used .

 Communication channel

 Noise

 Nonverbal cues Reactions to Communications Overload

•Body Language •Omission

•Use of Space •Error

1. Intimacy zone= 0 to 18 •Queuing

inches, close relationships
•Escape
2. Personal distance zone =18
•Use of Gatekeeper
inches to 4 feet, friends
and acquaintances •Use of Multiple Channels

3. Social distance zone = 4 to

12 feet, business contacts and
strangers

4. Public distance zone= 12 to

25 feet

• Use of Time

 Paralanguage

 Artifacts REFERENCE:
 Amount of information

Aamodt, Michael G. (2010)

Industrial/Organizational Psychology, 6th
3. Message received versus message
Edition, Boston, MA : Cengage Learning
interpreted

 Listening Skills

 Listening Styles

1. Leisure Listening

2. Inclusive Listening

3. Stylistic Listening

4. Technical Listening

5. Emphatic Listening

6. Nonconforming Listening

 Emotional State

 Cognitive Ability

 Bias