EFFECTIVENESS OF K-12 PROGRAM TO SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

MARITIME STUDENTS

A Thesis Presented to Senior High School

Lyceum of the Philippines University
Batangas City

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements

For the Course in Research II

Lorenzo, Austin Jeff M.

Damulog, JC Izon F.
Astillero, Rafael Reiss R.
Castromayor, Rill
Rabanal, Joseph Bryan R.

Ms. Jenny M. Ruben

November 2018
INTRODUCTION

Education is the most crucial discovery of man. It is also a process of

obtaining knowledge, skills, beliefs, values, and habits. Department of Education

(DepEd) implements K-12 Curriculum because Philippines is the only country in

Southeast Asia that provides only 10 years of basic education. K-12 objective is to

provide every Filipino Students with the education they could use in tertiary level.

It offers two additional years of education and there are 5 tracks of specialization

namely STEM, ABM, HUMMS, GAS, and TECH-VOC.

Maritime Strand is one of the tracks of STEM that K-12 offers. It introduces

the maritime environment to the senior high school students through the

disciplinary actions of Cadet Officers. These are the subjects offered to the senior

high school students that introduce the maritime course: Introduction to Maritime

Profession, Introduction to Marine Transportation / Engineering, and Maritime

Safety. Being familiar to the future work place through work immersion program is

the effective way of acquiring knowledge, experience and skills. Students can get

learning experiences which can range from 80 to 320 hours through work

immersion (Lozada, 2017).

This study will be focused on the K-12 educational program’s effectiveness

on giving higher level of education. The researchers conducted this research to

know how effective is K-12 program to the maritime students before going to

college. The method used in this study was a research-made questionnaire to

determine the level of effectiveness of K-12 program to maritime strand. The study
is designated only to SHS maritime students of Lyceum International Maritime

Academy who undergo K-12.

This study will benefit the community because having K-12 Maritime Strand

has a big impact in educational system of Lyceum of the Philippines and also in

other schools here in the Philippines. Thus, schools that apply the recommended

program will result to the acquisition of better learnings of the students. For the

maritime students this study will help them to know how K-12 program be a big

help for the preparation to their college life and future career. For the researchers,

this study will help them to gather data about the benefits of students who undergo

K-12 education system that some researchers may be able to explore.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The overall objectives of this descriptive study is to determine the

effectiveness of K-12 program to Senior High School Maritime Students at Lyceum

International Maritime Academy. The result is used as the guideline of the

upcoming Grade 11 and 12 students for their references for their future

researches. With regards to this, the researchers specifically answer the following

objectives: (1) determine the profile of respondents in terms of sex, age and

program, (2) to determine the level of effectiveness of K to 12 in higher level of

education, (3) to test the significant difference on the effectiveness of K to 12 when

grouped according to profile and, (4) to propose plan of action based on the results

of the study.
LITERATURE REVIEW

The review of the literature for this study focuses on the educational

system of the Department of Education which is the K to 12 program. The related

literature is based on how effective is K-12, for the student whose preference is

to take Maritime strand.

As cited in the study of (Thompsom 2018), he found out that according to

the reported statistics in 2013 from the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics

there is a direct correlation between the levels of education you achieve with the

level of finding a job. Based from the study made by the bureau states that

people who are only high school graduate had an unemployment rate of 8.3

percent comparing to a college graduates who have only 4.5 percent of

unemployment rate. Also ( Ramiro, 2016) added that in order to build students’

knowledge and skills in different subject areas including with those courses that

make someone employable after graduating from high school, there must be a

very strict compliance and a rigorous implementation of K to 12 Program and

there must be a use of high standard instructional programs.

Additionally, Craddock 2016 cited that a Filipino youngsters will turn into

the main understudies are required to finish grades 11 and 12 because they are

at the main stage of a noteworthy training change exertion that will bring the

Philippines essential and optional instruction frameworks into arrangements with

global standards . This was the reason why K to 12 curriculum was born in our

country Philippines because of the drastic influence that other advanced

countries have in terms with their educational framework. With this program the
Filipinos who are a graduate of the said curriculum could now be globally

competitive.

If we have to compare the Philippines educational system with that of

India which is one of the most developed in the entire world. The researchers do

believe and agree with the UK Essay, 2016 that cited “People need higher

Education for a better future”.

Hence, an on-going change in the Philippines instructive framework was

executed beginning in 2011. The K to 12 educational modules was marked into

law in 2013, adding three years to the nation’s essential instruction educational

modules. The new K to 12 educational programs manage requires every single

Filipino understudy to have one year of Kindergarten, six years of rudimentary

tutoring (grades 1 to 6), four years of middle school ( grades 7 to 10), and two

years of Senior Secondary School ( grades 11 to 12) mentioned by (

Uyquiengco,2015)

Furthermore, in this curriculum to be fully a helpful tool to increase the

educational standard of our country subject areas were increased. The use of

Mother is one of the subjects added in grades I-III. Reasearches/ implementers

of the curriculum hoped that and it aims to help every Filipino child to have wide

understanding on the skills to be developed by the teachers to their pupils.

According to Ogahayon, 2014 “states that “after implementing k-12 our

government see how effective and howK-12 program become a big help to many

Filipino students.
 Also, based from the Philippine Basic Education 2014, cited that “ An

efficient system is one that achieves so much even with quite limited resources.

A recent report attempts to assess the efficiency of school systems worldwide by

considering teacher salaries and pupil to teacher ratio as indicators of input and

test scores in an international standardized test score as a gauge for the output.

In addition as what ( Gulliver & Doumbia 2014) mentioned that higher

education serves many purposes but only some of which are emphasized in our

culture but it is so sad to think that some members of our society don’t

acknowledge the full span of reasons for pursuing education after high school,

some young people may think it’s not for them and therefore miss out on many of

the potential benefits that such an educational experience provides. Also, having

higher Education gives people a knowledge of the world around them and

changes it into something better. It helps people build opinions and have points

of view on things in life.

We the researchers have found out that according to The K-12 School

Effectiveness Framework (2014): A support for school improvement and student

success identifies evidence-based indicators of successful practice in a number of

components of effective schools. The indicators, with samples of evidence, assist

educators in building coherence and aligning practices across an entire school.

Furthermore as cited by Roland (2014) this k-12 curriculum is going to harness

the innovative spirit of incoming students who already have the coding skills to

create these products, institutions may want to consider interdisciplinary courses

that bring together lower- and upper-division students in different subject areas.
The culminating project could be an app that solves a real-world problem. To

ensure that students receive the credits appropriate to their level in school, it may

be necessary to have two different course numbers for the same class section.

Hence education empowers people and strengthens nations. Its capacity to

enhance one’s economic and social status, particularly in the Philippines, cannot

be questioned. Recently, this capacity will be put to test following the legislation of

the K-12 education program. The Department of Education (DepEd), when it

pushed for the adoption of the K-12 program, sees improved academic

competencies and labor opportunities for the Filipino graduates (Du, 2014).

Advanced education enhances a person's personal satisfaction. Studies

demonstrate that, better dietary and wellbeing rehearses, more prominent network

administration and initiative, more charitable effort, more self-assurance, and less

criminal action and imprisonment (Allen, 2014).

METHODS

Research Design

This study is designed as a quantitative study, aiming to prove the

effectiveness of K-12 program to the senior high school maritime students in LIMA

campus. Among the quantitative research methods, survey research was used in

this study to investigate the effectiveness of K-12 program by using appropriate

data-gathering tool. The major purpose of all surveys is to describe the

characteristics of a population. (Fraenkel & Wallen, 2006, p.423)

Participants
 The previous SHS maritime students (S.Y. 2017-2018) at Lyceum

International Maritime Academy has a total of students, wherein 150 previous

grade 12 senior students are the chosen sample. The reason of picking previous

SHS Maritime students to become the respondents are they have previous

experience on the K-12 program and they can answer how K-12 curriculum is

effective.

Instrument

The instrument used was a researcher-made questionnaire checklist to

collect the needed data for this study. The questions were picked and made based

on the researcher’s previous study and other thesis that is applicable to the study.

It contains two main parts: Part I was used to obtain the respondent’s profile such

as name, sex, and age and Part II contains the variable named Effectiveness

Procedures

Initially, senior high school students in LIMA Campus will be asked to

complete the informed consent forms. Questionnaires where will then be

distributed and completed during vacant time so that other classes will not be

interrupted. SHS Maritime Students will be given as much time as needed to

accomplish the surveys. The questionnaire will be answered through check mark

then it will be tabulated to determine the profile of the respondents and the level of

effectiveness of K-12 program maritime strand.

Data Analysis
 The study used descriptive statistics to analyze the results. In analyzing

and identifying the collected data, the researcher will use the following statistical

tools. Ranking this was used to determine the profile of the respondents. Weighted

mean this will used to determine the effectiveness of K-12 program based on the

collected data from the Grade 12 Senior High.

Ethical Consideration

The researchers avoid the study from inventing and falsifying of information,

in that way misunderstanding and confusion will be avoided. Voluntary

participation is prioritized: therefore, the respondents have the right to withdraw

and freely decide to continue without the exercise of any pressure or harassment.

The researchers are subjected to acknowledge to the previous works used in the

research study. and lastly, Prejudice are highly avoided. Furthermore,

maintenance of objectivity is considered in examining the collected data.

Results and Discussion

Table 1.1
Profile of the Respondents (Sex) (N=60)

Profile Frequency Percentage(%)

Sex

Male 58 96.67%

Female 2 3.33%
Total 60 100%
 As shown in Table 1.1, fifty-eight (58) or 96.67% are male students and two

(2) or 3.33% are female students. It shows that the majority of the students who

take maritime course are mostly male rather than females. This could be due to

the hard works at sea that mostly women can’t handle this type of given tasks.

Moreover, male are more flexible to this kind of work since men’s are more

powerful when it comes to strength compare to some females. According to

Mukherjee, Paromita (2019) that male dominates maritime profession for the

reason that mostly women have lack of awareness, less acceptance by

companies, have social cultural and practical obstacles and job security.

With regard to this the study of Thomas (2014) mentioned that shipping

company managers as well as male seafarer who are influenced by gender tend

to conclude that the employment of women aboard is more trouble than it’s worth

and also sexual tensions will threaten working relationship as reported.

Table 1.2
Profile of the Respondents (Age) (N=60)

Profile Frequency Percentage(%)

Age

Below 14 0 0%
15-16 0 0%
17-18 14 23.33%

19-20 46 76.27%
Total 60 100%
 As shown in Table 1.2, forty-six (46) or 76.27% are belong to 19-20 age

bracket, fourteen (14) or 23.33% are belong to 17-18 age bracket, while below 14

and 15-16 has no frequency, which implies that most of the student fall to 19-20

age bracket.

It shows that those ages are the students who are aware and already

experienced the K-12 program before going to college. They also have the ability

to be competent in their major subjects because they’re knowledge are mature

enough since they already have background knowledge. This is supported by the

study of Sdyney Neely (2016) which proves that big companies are looking for

older employers for the reason that some companies find issues when recruiting

young people due to the lack of confidence and immature.

Table 2
Mean Score of Effectiveness of K-12 Program Maritime Strand

QUESTIONS MEAN VERBAL RANK

INTERPRETATION
K-12… 3.63 Highly Effective 3.5
1. helps to understand the basics of maritime
course.

2. teaches about the six annexes of Marpol 3.52 Highly Effective 8

Convention.

3. work-immersion program helps to familiarize 3.65 Highly Effective 1.5

in future workplace and environment in the way
that is related to my future course.
 4. teaches about the laws of the sea 3.63 Highly Effective 3.5
convention or the (UNCLOS) that can use in
future career.
5. teach how to equip the different types of 3.6 Highly Effective 5.5
Personal Protective Equipment
(P.P.E.) on board and its functions also.

6. teach what is the importance of achieving 3.63 Highly Effective 3.5

fitness for shipboard work.

7. informs about the Importance of emergency 3.53 Highly Effective 7

first aid and how to perform it correctly.

8. teaches how to use different equipment on 3.65 Highly Effective 1.5

board like: steering wheel, binoculars and so
on.

9. helps to realize that there are different kinds 3.6 Highly Effective 5.5
of vessel with different kinds of cargoes being
transferred on board.

10. helps to have enough knowledge about the 3.65 Highly Effective 1.5
different language and attitude that should be
acquire.

Composite Mean 3.61

Legend: Highly Effective:3.50-4.00, Effective:2.50-3.49,Less Effective:1.50-2.49,Not Effective:1.00-1.49

Table 2 presents the effectiveness of K-12 program on maritime strand. The

respondents ranked first the items which state that they choose that work

immersion is very effective to them as they do the hands-on experience, they are

familiar with the equipment’s on board and know the attitude they must carry on

board, all with the weighted mean of 3.65 and verbally interpreted as highly

effective.
 This is supported by the study of Victory Christian International School (2015),

which revealed that student improves and builds new skills through immersions and

students gain new skill sets and improve their existing capabilities. Besides, the

study of Vikram Nanda (2017) proved that attitude is necessary on board for the

reason that attitude influence all of the action taken and accepting responsibilities

are way better that “passing the buck”.

Moreover, most respondents ranked second the items which proves that k-

12 helps them to understand basics of maritime course, they tend to know the laws

of the sea (UNCLOS), and also the importance of having a physically fit health on

board with weighted mean of 3.63 and verbally interpreted highly effective, This is

proved by K12 Philippines (2016) that students must learn the basics of their

courses to establish their skill of competency when they go to tertiary level by

improving mathematical, scientific and linguistic according to their specializations.

With the relation to the study of International Institute for Non – Aligned Studies

(2018) that seafarers are required to know the importance of UNCLOS as a part

of the international legal system that serves as an important instrument for the

protection of the marine environment.

On the other hand, respondents believe that they learn the importance of

Personal Protective Equipment (P.P.E) as they ranked the item third and its mean

weighted 3.6, this proves by the study of Mckinley Sterling Jr. (2016). That every

workers are required to have knowledge about the importance of P.P.E especially
engineers and for the reason that P.P.P helps to prevent and reduce injury on

workplace.

Furthermore, the students gain knowledge by ranking this item fourth they

learn the importance of first aid and how to perform it when accident occurs with

the weighted mean of 3.53, as per the information gathered from Colossal Training

that first aid skill are very important in the reason of anyone can’t predict when

accident might happen and seafarer are required to be familiar on first aid.

Lastly, respondents believe that K12 program is effective in the way that

this curriculum helps them to know the six annexes of Marpol Convention and the

respondent ranked the fifth with the weighted mean of 3.52, this is supported by

the International Maritime Organization (2018) as they proclaim that Marpol is the

main convention for preventing pollution at marine environment. Therefore

seafarers are required to learn the six annexes and study those regulation in each

annexes to prevent polluting marine environment.

Table 3

Proposed Action Plan to Determine the Effectiveness of K-12 program to

Senior High School Maritime Students.

Key Result Action Plan Persons Involved

Knowledge and Seminars talking about Grade 12 maritime

familiarization in the the different annexes on students with the help of
different type of topics Marpol Convention. teachers.
that include in the
Maritime course Preparation of the first
specially about different aid kit and actual
types of Marpol annexes performance of applying
and the importance of first aid that will be teach
first aid and how to by 2nd Officer.
perform it.
Having an experienced
officer that will discuss
the MARPOL convention
to the students.
Teachers and Grade 12
maritime students.
2nd Officer that will help
grade 12 maritime
student.
Seafarer that will discuss
the annexes for Marpol
Convention.

Preparation and
intervention of the
students on the different
kinds of accident that will
allow them to apply the
first aid.

Conclusion and Recommendation

Conclusion

1. Majority of the respondents are male who belong to the age

bracket of 19-20 years old. Most of them took BS Marine
Transportation.
2. The study revealed that K-12 is highly effective specifically in
terms of work immersion program helped them to familiarize
themselves in future workplace and environment, taught them
 how to use different equipment on board and helped them to have
enough knowledge about the different language and attitude.
3. The suggested plan may be implemented that can make K-12
more effective on maritime strand at Lyceum of the Philippines
University-Batangas.

Recommendation

1. LPU Senior High School should make sure that all of the students
are experiencing good quality of education, the facilities are one
of the factor to achieve that, upgrading and building more facilities
will make help to the students to learn and achieve their degree
in the near future.
2. To make sure that all of the students will experience that, there
should be a monthly check up on the different equipment on the
MV Empress of Asia, the books on library should be timely,
projectors and air conditioners on rooms must work all the time
to make learning easier.
3. To be a future references for the future researchers.
4. The proposed action plan may be implemented.

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