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A Research Proposal
Presented to
The Faculty of Graduate School
University of the Immaculate Conception
Bonifacio St., Davao City
METHODS OF RESEARCH
COLLEN G. BALDOS
CHAPTER 1
globally but the practices of the basic concepts waste disposal are often neglected.
People around the globe are aware of of the impact of improper waste disposal
practices, but the negative attitude of implementation gives rise to chaotic situation.
We are born from the earth, we return to the earth and we sustain by the
earth. Hence the environment in which we live is very important and it directly affects
our lives. Environmental problem is a global concern. It has no boundary around the
world, efforts are being made to make people aware about environmental protection.
disposal of the solid waste.It is a major cause of pollution and outbreak of diseases
problems, only thing we can reduce and control waste generation by proper
waste disposal. Solid Waste Management (SWM ) has 3 basic components namely
Zagozewski et al,2011).
It was developed under the paradigm of Industrial Ecology and it was used to study
This theory founded on the expectation that waste management is to prevent waste
causing harm to human health and the environment and promote resource use
account of the domain and contains conceptual analyses of waste, the activity upon
system considers how to reduce, reuse, recycle, and manage waste to protect
human health and the natural environment. It involves evaluating local conditions
and needs. Then choosing, mixing and applying the most suitable solid waste
resources.
(Fishbein and Ajzen, 1975) which stressed the relationship between behavioral
intention and behavior. It argues that behavioral intention precedes action. The
subjective norms. The more fervent is the intention, the more likely the behavior
Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991) explains that human actions are determined
influence their attitude on how they can help to solve the wastes problem
properly at home and in school. On the other hand, while it is true that human
argued that self-interest can play a vital role in the decision-making and acting.
individuals act with prudence and logic. The decision to act or not to act is
education in school at all levels will improve the understanding of the members
Operational Definition
Recycling and Composting are crucial phases in the entire ISWM process.
of organic waste and converting it into soil additives. Both recycling and composting
wastes have a number of economic benefits such as they create job opportunities
in addition to diverting material from the waste stream to generate cost-effective
and efficient waste management. Typically this includes the collection of waste from
curbside and businesses, as well as from transfer stations where waste may be
concentrated and reloaded onto other vehicles for delivery to the landfill.
Waste Disposal, in particular through the use of landfills and combustion, are the
activities undertaken to manage waste materials that are not recycled. The most
common way of managing these wastes is through landfills, which must be properly
Audience
The study aimed to determine the level of awareness, the degree of attitude, and
the extent of practices on the solid waste management of Lower Tamugan national
Teachers: The results of this study can provide a useful/framework for the proper
improved their level of awareness on proper waste recycling and waste disposal.
Parents: The results of this study can be an awareness tool for them to take part
Barangay Officials. The results of the study can be an effective strategy in their
In the essence, the findings can be of great help for an effective solid waste
awareness, attitude, and practices significantly differ when they were compared
according to sex and status. Also, the correlation between awareness, attitude,
and practices and age, educational level, and sex were also investigated.
carried out to unravel the underlying factors significant to the statistical results. In
this part, the research questions will use a systematic perspective of analyzing how
management program.
Research Questions
The main focus of the research is to conduct a descriptive survey of the waste
High School,Davao City.To achieve the objectives, the following research questions were
Quantitative Phase:
1. What is the level of waste management program among the randomly selected students
2. What is the perceived level of Management Awareness among the students and
Research Hypothesis
1.Is there a significant difference on the level of management awareness when grouped
Qualitative Phase:
1.What is waste management awareness in the lens of public school students and
teachers?
Literature Review
The waste management sector is facing numerous challenges globally.
Huge amounts of municipal and industrial wastes are produced daily worldwide as
challenges(Allen and Bassey,2012). Allen and Bassey noted challenges from a lack
popularization of existing laws, regulation and policies. They also highlighted the
implementation and waste management planning for the entire nation covering all
kinds of waste. The results of a study done in Malaysia by Aini and colleagues (2002)
indicated that, in order to overcome the solid waste crisis, the “conscience of the
conservation were found to affect recycling attitude positively but positive attitude
may not have resulted in recycling if knowledge about it was poor (Aini et al., 2002).
recycling,reuse and waste disposal. Finally, ecological funds strictly monitored and
used to remediate or restore damaged environment strict sanitation and waste
SWM and their recycling motives. Consequently, attitudes toward recycling were
influenced “by the knowledge of where, when, and how to recycle” as stated by
countries (Guerrero et al., 2013) suggests that when citizens receive information
about the benefits of recycling and how to sort the waste, and they participate in the
campaigns. Social norms can also play an important role in changing waste
behavior and participation in recycling activities. People are more likely to recycle
reach out to key members of the communities to take the lead on changing these
refers to acquiring a set of values and feelings of concern for the environment and
school inculcate in children positive values and attitudes toward solid waste
management they would take an active role in conserving the environment and its
waste management.
2007),especially with regard to solid waste management. This agrees with the view
of Ibrahim and Babayemi (2010) who emphasized that education should make
young people aware of environmental problems.Improper disposal of solid waste
can create unsanitary conditions, and these conditions, in turn, can lead to pollution
solved(Jerry,2015).
CHAPTER II
METHODS
Research Design
design (Creswell & Plano Clark,2011) and it will involved quantitative data first
using the 5-point Likert scale model. In the quantitative data collection phase of the
study ,the researcher together with the 20 Research assistants will collect the survey
data questionnaire for two weeks from 545 students and 20 teachers to assess the
The qualitative data collection phase will take one month . In this phase,
the researcher will explore the management awareness in the lens of public
teachers and students through four focus groups consisting of 8-10 teachers and
students.
In the mixed methods analysis phase, the researcher will iteratively analyze
the quantitative and qualitative data to help explain the results. In this phase, the
researcher will utilize the frequencies, means and standard deviations to answer
test statistic will be used to test the hypothesis at the 0.05 level of significance.
Place of Study
,located in Lower Tamugan, Marilog District, Davao City.The school was established
in 1981, and one of the oldest public secondary schools in Cluster 8, Division of
Davao City.
For School Year 2018-2019, it has a total population of One Thousand One
Hundred Twenty Five(1,125) The school has three extension schools, namely;
Tamugan High School, Kanacan High School and Pangyan High School.
Participants
The sample size is set at 95% confidence level with 5% margin error using
The projected participants is two-hundred ninety six (296) based on One Thousand
One Hundred Twenty Five (1,125) , the projected early registration/ enrolment for
School Year 2019-2020). They will be determined using simple random sampling
method.
Instruments
The instrument for collecting data for quantitative study is a questionnaire.
A questionnaire will be distributed to 296 students from the total population of One
Thousand One Hundred twenty five( 1,125) Junior High School (JHS) and Senior
High School Students (JHS). Purpose and Method of the study will be explained to
the students, teachers and parents to get their consent. The questionnaire had three
second and third sections focused on questions related to practice and attitude of
students on waste management at home and in school. .The instrument will be
assigned to the options were 5,4,3,2,and 1 for positive items(from SA to SD) and
(4.00 and above) were regarded as having a high level, (3.00-3.99) as a moderate
level while 0-2.99 were regarded as low level. Frequencies, means and standard
deviations were used for answering the research questions. Pearson Product
Moment Correlation Coefficients(r) and t-test statistic were used to test the
hypothesis using SPSS, p value less than 0.05 is considered as significant. For
Qualitative phase, an interview guide and audio tape will serve as an instrument to
be used in the Focused Group Discussion (FGD) there will be 3 questions designed
expert teachers in english and social studies and the Master Teacher in science and
the same time a research trainer in the Davao City Division. Before the conduct of
study, the questionnaire will undergo pilot testing to one of the secondary schools
literature for consistency and construct validity. The obtained Cronbach’s alpha for
the reliability of the instrument was 0.87.Twenty research assistant will be trained
trained for one day on how to gather information with the questionnaire.
Data Collection
This research study is designed to assess the level of waste management
program and the perceived level of through the lens of Public Secondary Teachers
and Students.
The researcher will ask permission to the principal asking for the approval
The researcher will inform the students, teachers, parents and external
The first phase is the distribution of questionnaire with the help of the
research assistants.
research assistants.
The third phase is the tallying and analyzing of responses and through
Data Analysis
The quantitative data were analyzed using the Statistical packaged for the
recorded FGD sessions were played and analyzed using themes like waste
Risk, Benefits, and Safety. The safety of the participants is put into highest
consideration and priority. Nonetheless, they are not likely to be exposed in high risk
because they will only have to answer a survey and engage in an interview. The
information gathered from the respondents will be taken cared of with utmost
confidentiality. In this sense, each of the participating students and teachers will be
coded to screen their identity to protect from data privacy invasion. Further, those
who will participate will gain benefits because aside from getting a just credit, they
will also be informed about the results of the study which will help them in their plans
for professional development programs that would improve their role as teacher-
and discussion. In the conduct of FGD, a solemn and secured venue is carefully set
Ethical Considerations
Social Value. The aim of this study is to assess the level waste
Informed Consent. For data collection in the quantitative phase, I will make
sure that I will first send a letter to the school principal about the plan of conducting
my study in the school.Likewise, an informed consent will be given to the
participants who will answer the survey questionnaire stating that they have the
freedom to participate or not in the study and that their personal information will be
securely considered as confidential. On the other hand, for data collection in the
qualitative phase, I will be sending another informed consent prior to the conduct of
the interview asking for the qualified key informant’s full willingness and agreement
to participate. Additionally, I will be asking them to sign for an agreement form which
will state how the information gathered in the interview will be used for the study and
the confidentiality terms that comes along with it. The interview will be done at the
key informant’s most convenient time so that it would not interfere his/her duties and
responsibilities.
respondents about what the study is aiming to achieve. This includes the
background, rationale, the research problem and the expected benefits if the study
about their right to participate or withdraw from the study. The will also be informed
about the target timeline for data collection so that it will be adjusted based on their
most convenient schedule. Moreover, results of this study will be shared to the
with mixed methods research, it is important that I will continue to thoroughly read
articles and research studies that advance this type of method to enrich my
who are known to be experts in the topic and in the method of this research.
make sure that the participants will be able to answer the survey questionnaire in a
they can concentrate and provide reliable answers. Tables and chairs will be
arranged prior to the survey and answer sheets and pens will be provided. To
establish justice, I will make sure that the participants would not spend any amount
to complete the study. In fact, I will be giving them just compensation such as
snacks, tokens, and certificates which will acknowledge their contribution for the
document the conversation and noting pads will be available for transcriptions.
will be asked from the principal of the school as well as to the teachers concerned.
This will include the full disclosures about the study and their rights to participate as
respondents. Additionally, they will be given a copy of the study so that the results
will be communicated during events where the topic is seen to be highly relevant
and informative.
easy and convenient above other efforts such as education, health communication,
or promotion campaigns.
items and may also assess the efficacy of additional conditions, such as educational
and social marketing, moral obligation, social norms and pro-environmental self-
identity.
Concluding Remarks
In conclusion , giving social duty awareness along with waste management
of waste management is greatly needed for parents also. This can be given in the
schools during parent teacher meetings or in community based programs. For this
purpose, public and private elementary and secondary schools can implement
References
Astalin,P.K. (2011) Environmental Awareness in Relation towards Social Duty and
Some Educational factors affecting it among Higher Secondary Students.
Journal of Education and Practice,2(3),pp.54-60
PERSONAL DETAILS
Full name : COLLEN G. BALDOS
Birthday Place : Purok 6,Upper Lacson, Calinan
Davao City
Birthday : August, 1st, 1972
Nationality : Filipino
Gender : Female
Name of Father : Saturnino G. Gamale
Name of Mother : Rosalia P. Gamale
Maritality : Married
Name of Husband : Diosdado S. Baldos
Name of Children : Louie John G. Baldos,Erika Jane G. Baldos
Address : Purok Kasoy, Center Tamugan,Marilog
District, Davao City
Phone Number : 09298541987/09105103443
E-Mail : collengbaldos@gmail.com
Facebook : Collen Baldos
EDUCATION BACKGROUND
Name of School Level Year
Gumalang Elementary School Elementary School 1979-1985
Baguio District,Davao City
Calinan National High School Secondary School 1985-1989
Calinan, Davao City
University of Southern Philippines Bachelor’s Degree 1989-1993
Bo. Obrero,Davao City
University of Southern Philippines MAT-Math 1998-First Sem.
Bo. Obrero,Davao City only
University of Mindanao,Davao City MAED-Math 2015-First Sem.
only
University of the Immaculate Conception MAEM 2018-2019
(UIC) (on-going)
WORK EXPERIENCES
Institution As Year
Crown Packing Corporation QA 1993-1994
San Juan National High School,Davao Substitute Teacher June-August
City 1995
Lower Tamugan National High Secondary School 1995-Present
School(LTNHS),Lower Tamugan,Marilog Teacher
District,Davao City
SEMINARS/TRAININGS ATTENDED
Event /Topic Year Venue
K to 12 Regional Mass Training for Grade 2015 University of
10 Teachers2015 Mindanao,Davao
City
Division Training on Contextualizing 2015 Davao City
Teaching and Learning with Integration in National High
Teaching Local History and K to 12 School
Assessment
GAD,CPP and Anti-Bullying Act(ABA) 2015 Malagos
Training for Teachers in Cluster 8 Schools Garden,Baguio
District,Davao
City
Qualitative Research Training 2016 DepEd-Davao
City
Basic Action Research Training 2016 DepEd-Davao
City
Bread and Pastry Production(National 2016 TESDA,Davao
Certificate) City
Workshop on Data Collection of Basic 2016 DepEd-Davao
Education Statistics in the LIS EBEIS City
Data Management and Information 2016 DepEd-Davao
Technology Workshop for SHS City
Teachers’Conference:Third Phase 2017 Davao City
English,Mathematics and Science in
Focus