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Alumnos:
1 0 0
10. Si A= ⌊ 0 −2 0⌋
0 0 0
que
D=𝑃−1 𝐴𝑃.
SOLUCIÓN
ʎ−1 0 0
a. |ʎ𝐼 − 𝐴|=[ 0 ʎ + 2 0]=(ʎ−1)(ʎ+2)(ʎ)=0
0 0 ʎ
.ʎ = 1 .ʎ= −2 .ʎ= 0
0 0 0 𝑥 0 1
i) ʎ=1 → [0 3 0] [𝑦 ] =[ 0]→ y=0 ; z=0 X=x[0]
0 0 1 𝑧 0 0
−3 0 0 𝑥 0 0
ii) ʎ=−2 → [ 0 0 0 ] [𝑦] =[0]→ x=0; y=0 ; z=0 X=[0]
0 0 −2 𝑧 0 0
−1 0 0 𝑥 0 0
iii) ʎ=0 →[ 0 2 0] [𝑦] =[0]→ x=0; y=0 X=z[0]
0 0 0 𝑧 0 1
1 0 0
b. P=[0 0 0] No existe matriz no singular, por ende tampoco existe
0 0 1
matriz diagonal.
1 0 1 1
11. Sea A=[ ] y B=[ ] Demostrar que A y B tienen el mismo polinomio
0 1 0 1
característico.
SOLUCIÓN
1 0 𝑦−1 0
A=[ ] → [ ]=(𝑦 − 1)2=0
0 1 0 𝑦−1
.y=1
1 1 ʎ−1 0
B=[ ] → [ ]= (ʎ − 12 )=0
0 1 0 ʎ−1
.ʎ=1 y=ʎ=1
0 0 1
12. Si A= [0 1 0]
1 0 0
SOLUCIÓN
ʎ 0 −1
a. |ʎ𝐼 − 𝐴|=[ 0 ʎ − 1 0 ]= (ʎ − 1)2 (ʎ+1) =0
−1 0 ʎ
Valores: . ʎ = 1 .ʎ= −1
Vectores propios:
−1 0 −1 𝑥 0 −1
.ʎ = 1 [ 0 −2 0 ] [𝑦] =[0] Y=0 ; x=−z → X=z[ 0 ]
−1 0 −1 𝑧 0 1
1 0 −1 𝑥 0 1 0
.ʎ= −1 [ 0 0 0 ] [𝑦] =[0] x=z → X=z[0] + y[1]
−1 0 1 𝑧 0 1 0
−1 1 0
b. P=[ 0 0 1]
1 1 0
1 1
−2 0 2
−1
𝑃 =[ 1 0 1 ]
2 2
0 1 0
1 1
− 2 0 2 0 0 1 −1 1 0 −1 0 0
−1
.𝑃 𝐴 𝑃=[ 1 0 1 ] [0 1 0] [ 0 0 1] = [ 0 1 0]
2 2 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1
0 1 0
2 −3 5
13. Si A=[0 −1 5]
0 0 4
SOLUCIÓN
ʎ−2 3 −5
a.|ʎ𝐼 − 𝐴|=[ 0 ʎ+1 −5 ]= (ʎ−2) (ʎ+1) (ʎ−4) =0
0 0 ʎ−4
0 3 −5 𝑥 0 1
.ʎ = 2 [0 3 −5] [𝑦] =[0] y=0 ; z=0 → X=x[0]
0 0 −2 𝑧 0 0
−3 3 −5 𝑥 0 1
.ʎ= −1 [ 0 0 −5] [𝑦] =[0] z=0 ; x=y → X= y[1]
0 0 −5 𝑧 0 0
2 3 −5 𝑥 0 1
.ʎ=4 [0 5 −5] [𝑦] = [0] y=z; x=y → X=y[1]
0 0 0 𝑧 0 1
1 1 1 1 −1 0
b. .P=[0 1 1] .𝑃−1 =[0 1 −1]
0 0 1 0 0 1
1 −1 0 2 −3 5 1 1 1 2 0 0
. 𝑃−1 AP= [0 1 −1] [0 −1 5] [0 1 1] =[0 −1 0]
0 0 1 0 0 4 0 0 1 0 0 4
16. Encuentre los valores propios y vectores propios para la transformación lineal
dado.
g. T:𝑅 3 → 𝑅 3 tal que T(x, y, z)= (3x+ 2y+ 4z, 2x+ 2z, 4x+ 2y+ 3z)
17 .Encuentre una matriz P que diagonalice a A, y determinar 𝑃−1 AP, dónde:
−14 12
a) A=[ ]
−20 17
1 0
b) A=[ ]
6 −1
1 0 0
c) A=[0 1 1]
0 1 1
2 0 −2
d) A=[0 3 0 ]
0 0 −2
SOLUCIÓN
ʎ2 −3ʎ+2=0
VECTORES PROPIOS
4
15 −12 𝑋 0 4𝑌
.ʎ=1 [ ] [ ] =[ ] → x= 5 → X=y[ 5 ]
20 −16 𝑌 0 1
3
16 −12 𝑋 0 3𝑌
.ʎ=2 [ ] [ ] =[ ] → x= 4 → X=y[ 4 ]
20 −15 𝑌 0 1
4 3 4 3
−1 ⋮1 0 1 0 ⋮ 20 −15
.P= [ 5 4] .𝑃 =⌈ 5 4 ⌉=[ ]
1 1 1 1⋮ 0 1 0 1 ⋮ −20 16
4 3
20 −15 −14 12 1 0
Piden: 𝑃−1 𝐴𝑃 = [ ][ ] [5 4]=[ ]
−20 16 −20 17 1 1 0 2
ʎ−1 0
b. |ʎ𝐼 − 𝐴|=[ ] =(ʎ−1) (ʎ+1)=0
−6 ʎ + 1
VECTORES PROPIOS
0 0 𝑋 0 1
.ʎ=1 [ ] [ ] =[ ] → y=3x → X=x[ ]
−6 2 𝑌 0 3
−2 0 𝑋 0 0
.ʎ=−1 [ ] [ ] =[ ] → x=0 → X=y[ ]
−6 0 𝑌 0 1
1 0 1 0⋮ 1 0 1 0 ⋮1 0
.P= [ ] .𝑃−1 =⌈ ⌉=[ ]
3 1 3 1⋮ 0 1 0 1 ⋮ −3 1
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
Piden: 𝑃−1 𝐴𝑃 = [ ][ ][ ] =[ ]
−3 1 6 −1 3 1 0 −1
ʎ−1 0 0
𝑐. |ʎ𝐼 − 𝐴|=[ 0 ʎ − 1 −1 ]= (ʎ−1) (ʎ−2) ʎ=0
0 −1 ʎ − 1
VALORES: ʎ = 1 ; ʎ = 2; ʎ = 0
VECTORES PROPIOS
−1 0 0 𝑥 0 0
.ʎ=0 [ 0 −1 −1] [𝑦] =[0] → x=0; z=−y →X=y[ 1 ]
0 −1 −1 𝑧 0 −1
0 0 0 𝑥 0 1
.ʎ=1 [0 0 −1 ] [𝑦 ] =[0] → y=0; z=0 →X=x[0]
0 −1 −1 𝑧 0 0
1 0 0 𝑥 0 0
. ʎ=2 [0 1 −1] [𝑦 ] =[0] → x=0; y=z →X=y[1]
0 −1 1 𝑧 0 1
1 1
0 1 0 1 0 0⋮0 2 −2
.P=[ 1 0 1] .𝑃−1 =[0 1 0⋮1 0 0]
−1 0 1 0 0 1⋮0 1 1
2 2
1 1
0 −2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
2
−1
.𝑃 AP= [⋮ 1 0 0 ] [0 1 1] [ 1 0 1] = [0 1 0]
1 1
0 0 1 1 −1 0 1 0 0 2
2 2
ʎ−2 0 2
𝑑. |ʎ𝐼 − 𝐴|=[ 0 ʎ−3 0 ]= (ʎ−2) (ʎ−3) (ʎ+2)=0
0 0 ʎ+2
VALORES: ʎ = 2 ; ʎ = 3; ʎ = −2
VECTORES PROPIOS
0 0 2 𝑥 0 0
.ʎ=2 [0 −1 0] [𝑦] =[0] → x=0; Y=0; Z=0 →X=[0]
0 0 4 𝑧 0 0
1 0 2 𝑥 0 0
.ʎ=3 [0 0 0] [𝑦] =[0] → Z=0; X=0 →X=Y[1]
0 0 5 𝑧 0 0
−4 0 2 𝑥 0 1
. ʎ=−2 [ 0 −5 0] [𝑦] =[0] → Z=2x; y=0 →X=x[0]
0 0 0 𝑧 0 2
1 0 0
P=[0 0 1] No tiene inversa, entonces no hay matriz que la diagonalice.
2 0 0