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ECE 526 – S05 ECE 526 – S05
Protection of Power Systems II Protection of Power Systems II
• Reading assignments:
• Review of basic concepts – http://www.selinc.com/techpprs/6017.pdf
• Power System Instrumentation – Mason – Chapter 1
• The protection of Lines and Circuits – Wall & Roberts – Chapter 1
• Fault Identification
• Fault Location
• Power Line Configurations
1/19/2005 ECE526 - Protection of Power 5 1/19/2005 ECE526 - Protection of Power 6
Systems II - Lecture 1 Systems II - Lecture 1
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Philosophy of Protection Philosophy of Protection
• Protection System Management • Protection System Management,
– Protection Quality continued
• instrumentation distortion – Economics of Protection
• control failures • Capitol cost
• relay equipment failures • Operating costs
• incorrect relay settings • Life time costs
– Continuous Improvement
• Changing requirements
• Data analysis
– Reliability R
A C
R
• Redundancy G E
R R
F LOAD
• Backup protection B D
• Diversity (overlapping protection zones) BUS S BUS R
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Philosophy of Protection Direction of Protection
• Protection zones • Secure and dependable operations
– Zone 1: Forward – Never overreach remote terminal
– Zone 2: Forward – Overreaches remote terminal • Multi-function devices
– Zone 3: Reverse – Blocks remote, backup protection – Oscillography:
• high bandwidth == high sample rates
• High storage capacity
R R R R
G E R R R R
F LOAD – Combining protection with other station
B D automation functions
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Direction of Protection Direction of Protection
Allocation of design effort
• Points to ponder
for µP based relays. – How has relay design changed in the past 20
years? (hardware vs software design tools)
– How has relay testing changed over this time
period?
• Observability
• Criteria for assessment
– How has protection design changed?
• Need to support wider base of technologies
Major issue • Programmability (remotely and adaptive)