LIBRARY SEARCH REPORT (ANNOTATION)

“METAPHORS”

Submitted as an Assignment of
LANGUAGE IN USE
Handled by Prof. E. Aminudin Aziz, M.A., PhD

Written by
IGNASIA YUYUN
NIM 0808633

ENGLISH EDUCATION PROGRAM

SCHOOL OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES
INDONESIA UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION
BANDUNG
MARCH 2009

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1. Bratož, S. 2004. “A Comparative Study of Metaphor in English and Slovene
Popular Economic Discourse”. Taking data from an in-depth study on the
linguistic and conceptual metaphors identified in Slovene and English
economic and business articles, this article discusses a cognitive analysis of
conceptual metaphors dealing with business and economic topics through the
analysis of ontological and epistemic correspondences on the basis of
collected examples of conventional metaphors. Silva puts forward that the
different degrees of frequency of a particular conceptual metaphor in one of
the two languages may to a certain extent depend on the importance given
by the selected magazines to individual topics. Metaphors found in English
and Slovene economic articles provide valuable insights into how economic
processes and participants involved in them are conceptualized in the two
cultures respectively. This article was published in Managing Global
Transitions, 2004, 2, 2, pp. 176-196.

2. Cornejo, C. 2005. “Conceptualizing Metaphors versus Embodying the

Language”. Taking data from an in-depth study on the issue of cultural
variability in metaphor use from a cognitive linguistic point of view (CLVM),
this article discusses a pending problem for the cognitive linguistic approach,
namely the observed variation both cross-culturally and within cultures in
the use of metaphors. Carlos attempts to review Zoltán Kövecses’s 2005
book that the insistence of the CLVM to look for subjacent conceptual
metaphors can easily lead one to ignore the fact that metaphor is a use of
language, not a formal mapping. It is like big puzzle in the CLVM,
recognizing the abyss produced between the bodily-conceptual, universal
knowledge described by the model and socio-cultural, locally situated
knowledge and then Kövecses attempts to integrate both, but conserving the
conceptual hard core of the CLVM. This article was published in Culture
Psychology, 2007, 13, 4, pp. 474-488.

3. Guo, S. 2007. “Is Idiom Comprehension Influenced by Metaphor Awareness

of the Learners?”. Taking data from an in-depth study on the effect of
students' metaphor awareness on idiom comprehension with college level
Chinese beginning EFL language learners, this article explores whether

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 raising learners' awareness of conceptual metaphors can facilitate their
comprehension of idioms in an FLT context. Thus, the findings of the study
show that increasing learners' metaphor awareness has a big influence on
their comprehension of idioms. Therefore, in the process of foreign
language teaching, it is important for the teacher to raise learners' metaphor
awareness in class and help them have a clear picture of the functions by
metaphor in making sense of figurative expressions. This article was
published in Asian Linguistics Journal, 2007, 3, 3, pp. 148-166.

4. Khudyakova, A. 2007. “Metaphors Following the Model ‘N of an N’”. Taking

data from an in-depth study on certain type of metaphors which follow the
model ‘N of a N’, this article discusses semantic and grammatical features of
the nominal constructions consisting of two nouns connected with the
preposition of in the English language like in ‘a pearl of a job’, ‘a bear of a
man’, ‘a monster of a dog’, etc. From a syntactic point of view, these
constructions are characterized by subject-predicate relationships, where
the second noun is a head and the first noun according to its functional
characteristics is very close to an adjective. Semantic analysis gives rise to
the typology of these metaphoric expressions and then the mechanisms of
emergence of metaphoric meaning in these constructions were undertaken
in this article with the use of conceptual metaphor theory and blending theory
as an explanatory base. This article was published in Asian Linguistics
Journal, 2007, 2, 2, pp. 88-110.

5. Goschler, J. 2007. “Metaphors in Cognitive and Neurosciences: Which

impact has metaphors on scientific theories and models?”. Taking data from
an in-depth study on how to deal with metaphors and analogies in scientific
arguments and theories, this article develops Conceptual Metaphor Theory
and focuses on the nature of language and thought and philosophical
arguments about the nature of truth and science. Metaphors in cognitive and
neurosciences are indeed, as Conceptual Metaphor Theory predicts, not
merely a matter of linguistics and rhetoric. Systematically occurring
metaphors in texts about the brain are closely connected with theoretical
arguments and a consideration of the language of texts on the brain and the

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 scientific arguments made in the texts reveals distinct connections between
those two different levels. This article was published in Journal of Metaphors
in Cognitive and Neurosciences, 2007, 12, pp. 7-20.

6. Shen, Y and Osnat, G. 2008. “How to interpret the music of caressing:

Target and source assignment in synaesthetic genitive constructions”.
Taking data from an in-depth study on how people assign the target and
source functions in a given metaphorical expression, this article discusses
two potential mechanisms, a linguistic one and a conceptual one that people
might use to assign the target and source functions in a given metaphorical
expression (e.g., ‘‘a green inspiration’’). Thus, the findings of two
interpretation generation experiments which support the hypothesis that the
conceptual preference principle overrules the linguistic convention in
people’s assignments of the target and source functions in the synaesthetic
genitive construction. The distribution and use of these figurative
expressions in language cannot be accounted for in terms of the rules of the
language in question, but only by assuming the existence of deep
conceptual structures in the form of conceptual metaphors. This article was
published in Journal of Pragmatics 41, 2009, pp. 357 –371.

7. Zimmerman, C and Cuddington, K. 2007. “Ambiguous, circular and

polysemous: students' definitions of the "balance of nature” metaphor.”
Taking data from an in-depth study on the role of “balance of nature” (BON)
metaphor, this article explains the functioning of natural systems from
ancient times and continues to be invoked in popular culture, in spite of
controversy regarding its use in the scientific community. Thus, the findings
show that college students may believe that the “balance of nature” is a real
phenomenon that describes ecological systems rather than a merely
metaphoric or poetic description because BON metaphor is so broad and
unfixed that the same descriptors can be used to describe both the meaning
and the cause. Similarly, it may be used by different individuals to refer to a
state of a system, and by others to refer to some type of process. This
article was published in Public Understanding of Science, 2007, 16, pp. 393-
406.

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8. Torre, R. R. 2007. “Time's Social Metaphors: An empirical research”.
Taking data from an in-depth study on the analysis of time images furnished
by a qualitative research made in Spain on the relations of working time and
family/personal time, this article focuses on three widespread time
metaphors used in day-to-day speeches by social agents. Metaphors of time
are not only relevant in terms of their poetics, but are equally relevant on a
pragmatic level. As time is depicted, action is conceived, more specifically,
the different metaphors of time depict the relationship between time and
action in different ways such as time is conceived as a resource, as an
environment, and as a horizon. This article was published in Time Society,
2007, 16, 2/3, pp. 157-187.

9. Hogler, R., Gross, M.A., & Hartman, J.L. 2008. “Meaning in

Organizational Communication Why Metaphor Is the Cake, not the Icing”.
Taking data from an in-depth study on an alternative to the postmodern way
of viewing metaphor primarily as an instrumental and functional rhetorical
tool designed to influence members of an organization through ideological
appeals, a view that depicts rhetoric as merely subjective and manipulable,
this article draws from the “aesthetic side of organizational life”. The
argument says that communication exceeds the theoretical reach of the
postmodern perspective, which requires a new conceptualization of
metaphor as epistemic and capable of signaling meaning that is inseparable
from its unique and discrete form. Accordingly, this article adds to an
understanding of the role of metaphor, myth, and language as it can guide
communication and organizational studies emerging from a literary tradition
that takes metaphor as the highest form of cognitive activity. This article
was published in Management Communication Quarterly, 2008, 21, 3, pp.
393-412.

10. Baruh, L and Popescu, M. 2008. “Guiding metaphors of nationalism: the

Cyprus issue and the construction of Turkish national identity in online
discussions”. Taking data from an in-depth study on three major metaphors
(gender and sexual, family, sports) organizing nationalistic discourse about
Cyprus in two online forums for Turkish university students, this article
suggests that discussants symbolically warranted their constructions of the

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 future of Cyprus and Turkish Cypriots with metaphors of blood and heroism
that emphasized their personal and collective memory of sacrifice. This
article reveals that such all-encompassing metaphors (dying, playing and
loving) seem to be among the most efficient rhetorical tools in conveying
complex feelings and attachments. Besides, the employment of archetypal-
like metaphors in a message usually tends to produce strong emotional
reactions of agreement or disagreement. This article was published in
Management Communication Quarterly, 2008, 2, 1, 79-96.

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