BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE & FINE ARTS

Mechanical and Petroleum Engineering Department

PHYSICS

LABORATORY REPORT

DENSITY TOWER

SUBMITTED BY:

LLANOS. GIOVANNY EARL C.

PETE-1303 / 18-59017

SUBMITTED TO:

ENGR. MARK JOHN L. TAGUBA

JULY 06, 2019

I. INTRODUCTION

A material's density is defined as its mass per unit volume. Put another way,

density is the ratio between mass and volume or mass per unit volume. It is a measure

of how much stuff an object has in a unit volume (cubic meter or cubic centimeter).

Density is essentially a measurement of how tightly matter is crammed together. The

principle of density was discovered by the Greek scientist Archimedes, but it is easy to

calculate if you know the formula and understand its related units.

The purpose of this experiment is to understand the meaning and significance of

the density of a substance. Density is a basic physical property of a homogeneous

substance; it is an intensive property, which means it depends only on the substance's

composition and does not vary with size or amount. The determination of density is a

nondestructive physical process for distinguishing one substance from another. Density

is the ratio of a substance's mass to its own volume. Liquid density data are essential in

process engineering design such as sizing of storage vessels that contain the basic raw

materials and products for a plant, in process piping design involving either single-

phase incompressible fluids, compressible fluids or two-phase flow mixtures. In

distillation, absorption, or stripping, liquid density data are required in the determination

of flooding and sizing of column diameter. Additionally, liquid density usage is

encountered in various heat-, mass-, and momentum-transfer operations.

For liquid densities there is, at the present time and on the present approach, no

way of using an exact superposition statement. The method proposed by Fisher, and

considered in section, involves approximation in connection with the quadruplet function

but not in connection with the triplet function. The method can be extended to involve

approximation first in connection with still higher order functions, but the method has

limitations in practice. Indeed, approximation is at present necessary in connection with

the triplet function, and for liquids it is necessary to invoke the superposition

approximation in the form. Liquid density is the mass per unit volume, whereas specific

gravity is the density relative to water. The present study was conducted to determine
the liquid density of water and the unknown sample. The first part of the experiment

aimed to determine the density of the liquid by using the Westphal Balance.

The liquid is poured into a tall jar, and the hydrometer is gently lowered into the

liquid until it floats freely. The principle behind the Westphal balance and hydrometer

are based on Archimedes principle that a solid suspended in a liquid will be buoyed up

by a force equal to the weight of the liquid displaced. The experiment aims to measure

the liquid of the Density.

II. OBJECTIVES

 The Objective of the experiment is to show the different density of

liquids. This experiment will also show which liquid is more or less

dense than the other liquid.

 The objective of this lab was to calculate the densities of various

objects using different techniques.

 To determine the density of a sample of a liquid, a single solid

object, and a collection of irregularly shaped solid objects.

 Familiarization with the laboratory: working in the lab

 Make and careful observations of materials and objects

III. MATERIALS

 Honey

 Milk

 Dishwashing Liquid

 Water

 Oil

 Rubbing Alcohol

 Clear cylindrical Glass

  Small container

 Food Color

IV. PROCEDURES

1.) Pour Honey in the cylindrical glass.

2.) Then pour the milk, you will notice that the two liquid didn’t mix and

instead the milk float on top of the honey.

3.) Add dishwashing Liquid

4.) After pouring the dishwashing liquid, the next is water. To distinguish

water in the cylinder, add some food color and gently pour it down the

cylindrical glass.

5.) After water is placed, add the cooking or vegetable oil.

6.) Lastly, gently pour down the rubbing alcohol.

V. RESULTS

This density experiment is very neat, it appears more than a little magical but the

effect is all science – no magic involved! The experiment involves forming a density

tower using a combination of different liquids that form layers one atop another due to

the differences in their density. Matter has different densities meaning some will be

heavier and some will be lighter. It’s hard to imagine that different liquids have different

weights, but they do. In some liquids, these atoms and molecules are packed together

more tightly resulting in a denser or heavier liquid like the syrup! These different liquids

will always separate because they are not the same density.

VI. CONCLUSION

Thus, the experiment showed that honey has the greatest density that is followed by

milk, dishwashing liquid, water, oil and then lastly, alcohol. As we remember, there are

two classifications of liquids which are the heavy and light liquids. In the experiment,

heavier liquids such as honey, milk, and oil settled below in a particular order from 1 st

layer to 3rd layer respectively. On the other hand, lighter liquids next to the milk are
water, oil and alcohol, the lightest of all. Having different amount of different liquids we

used in the container will have different densities because they also differ in masses.

The higher the density, the heavier the liquid would be and lower the density is, the

lighter the liquid would be.

VII. DOCUMENTATION

Preparing for the materials to use

First putting the honey in the glass

Dropping the sterelized milk over the honey

Dishwasing liquid is towering the milk

 Water with food color slowly dropping at
top of the dishwashing liquid

The oil is transfering into another container for a

smooth dropped of oil at top of the water.

Last step to finish the experiment, slowly dropping

the alcohol into the top without submerging into the oil.

DENSITY TOWER