Attribute 1

In construction site, addition to observing the process of construction, hardly can be seen the workers
wear safety equipment as in Personal Protective Equipment. It is showed in the below figure.

Figure 1: The workers didn’t meet any Safety Equipment Standard

From figure 1, it is clearly seen that the workers did not meet the standard of equipment. For instance,
they did not wear Head Protection (Safety Helmet), Hand Protection (Gloves), Eye and Face Protection
(Safety Glasses), Foot Protection (Safety Boots), and some even work with bare foot. Neglecting the use
of safety equipment will harm the worker itself as well as the company. Without using it, there is high
risks of:

 Stricken by falling objects

 Impact & collision
 Breath the air that is contaminated
 Cut & puncture
 Burns by chemical substances
 Shocks by electricity
 Excessive noise
 Eyes damaged caused by chemicals

Hazards can take long time to develop such as loss in hearing and even cancer disease. Therefore, it’s
better to prevent it by wearing PPE. OSHA act 1994 stated that no mater what worker must wear proper
personal protective equipment.

Method to persuade workers to use proper PPE:

 Enable workers to select their own PPE but must be proper

 State the regulations in the worker’s contract
 All workers include the senior workers need to wear PPE to show examples
 Giving training on how importance wearing PPE
To maintain safety and health within the area of working:

Routine check the work site

Routine check the work site to see potential hazards and way to eliminate them. Be aware of the main
potential hazards in construction sites, such as: -
Electrocution
-Falls

-Caught-between or caught-in

-Struck-by

workers without the proper protective equipment, identify problem and let them know. If workers are
struggling to complete certain tasks safely, prioritize on the specific issue in the training program.

Make sure equipment, tools and machines in good condition

Construction equipment, tools and machines in the construction site should be ensures are safe for
use. For instance, proper planning and staging before starting the day to ensure right tools and
equipment for work.

Figure 2: Construction Machinery

Clear Signage
Clear signage so the construction site safety procedures are applicable, including a 24-hour emergency
number and clear directions to the site office. Must have the first aid and emergency fire equipment.
Site Security
Ensure proper construction site security. Restricted site access is not just about preventing equipment
theft or damage.

Provide Proper Training for the workers

Training is a key part of ensuring workplace safety in all industries. Many project managers assume that
all workers are aware of the construction site safety procedures of a working site.

Proper handling of Materials and Storage

All personnel at a construction site should aware of the proper material and storage procedures. For
manual material handling, the expected lifting techniques should be made clear to avoid injuries.

To maintain welfare:

 Proper mess workers

 Availability of clean water
 Healthy food provided
 Have electricity
 Reasonable salary
 Efficient working time

Attributes 2

Sustainability basically means a process of development with a principle to cater the needs now without
sacrificing the fulfillment for the future needs. Sustainable development itself is divided into 3 elements
which is economic, social, and environmental sustainability. During my site visit to precast company, I
able to see these three elements of sustainable development. In terms of economic sustainability, the
company stated that the precast concrete can save the material which will automatically cut the cost.
Also, precast is being manufactured in the industry, at the same time the ground works can be built just
in time finish which save money & time. From the data they shown, precast concrete is high of strength
and also durable. So, there less need of specific maintenance. In terms of social sustainability, the
quality of air plays a role that impact the worker’s health and wellbeing. Precast concrete is concepted
to minimize heating & cooling as well as free of chemicals. In other words, the worker will feel more
comfortable working there with a more safety grant. As it is produced in the manufacture process, it will
be less noise, dust and faster delivery. Precast concrete is also environmentally friendly. The carbon
dioxide produced was inside the factory and the concrete also will absorb it back. In addition, there are
also the use of waster material such as slag and fly ash. Precast concrete is recyclable material too. To
improve in each discipline, it is needed to maintain:
Economic sustainability
o an economically sustainable system must be able to produce goods and services
on a continuous basis

o To maintain manageable levels of government debts

o To avoid extreme sectoral imbalances which will damage agricultural or industrial

production

o Different kinds of capital that make economic production possible must be

maintained

o Such as manufactured capital, natural capital, human capital, financial capital and
social capital

o These 5 capitals are complementary to each other

o thus, maintenance of all 5 are essential over long term

 Environmental sustainability
o An environmentally sustainable system must
 Maintain a stable resource base
  Avoid over-exploitation of renewable resources
 Not to deplete non-renewable resources
o Thus, this includes
 maintenance of biodiversity
 atmospheric stability
 other ecosystem functions
o Conservation of ecosystems and natural resources is essential for sustainable
economic production and also fairness between one generation with another
o Integrity of ecosystems and diversity of species must be maintained
 Social sustainability
o A socially sustainable system must achieve fairness in distribution of resources
and opportunity
o Must provide adequate social services such as health care, education
o Gender equality
o Political accountability and participation
o Social equity and provision of basic health and educational needs and democracy
are crucial elements of development