1- INTRODUCTION

A drum brake for road vehicles consists of a number of lined shoes located
within a
drum that rotates with the wheel. To slow or stop the vehicle the shoes are
pressed
against the inside surface of the drum to create a friction force. Correct drum
brake
geometry is important in order to ensure that:

· Brake linings wear evenly.

· Brake output torque is appropriate to the application.

Figure 1 shows a typical arrangement of the shoes and other stationary

components
in a drum brake. The whole assembly is mounted on the back plate. For clarity,
only
the inner surface of the drum is indicated, but in practice its rotating outer
surface is
very close to the back plate perimeter flange. The small clearance between them
reduces the risk of dust, water and foreign bodies entering the drum. The brake
shoes shown in Figure 1 are forced apart and into contact with the drum by the
small
hydraulic cylinder, or expander, shown on the right. They pivot about the shoe
abutment on the left and are restored to the 'brakes off' position by the shoe
return springs.

From Figure 1 you will see that, with the drum rotating in the direction shown,
the
upper shoe is ahead of its pivot point. It is said to be a leading shoe. Similarly
the
lower shoe trails behind its pivot point and is called a trailing shoe. There is an
important difference in the way leading and trailing shoes act under braking.

Figure 2 shows the forces acting when a leading shoe is applied. Notice that the
frictional drag force has a moment about the pivot point. This increases the input
load and hence increases the drag. In other words, there is a self-servo action,
which increases the braking effect.
Figure 3 shows the forces acting when a trailing shoe is applied. In this case the
moment of the frictional drag force about the pivot point opposes the input load,
thereby reducing the drag and the braking effect.

- PINNED AND SLIDING SHOES

One end of each shoe locates at a fixed point on the brake back plate. This is
done in
one of two ways:
· In the sliding (or floating) shoe type the end of the shoe has a radius, which
can
roll or slide on a flat surface perpendicular to the back plate. It is held against
the
surface by the shoe return springs.
· In the pinned shoe type the shoe pivots about a post mounted on the back
plate.
Figure 4 shows Sliding shoes give a degree of self-alignment so the linings can
be ground to the
drum diameter during manufacture without the risk of the shoes grabbing. This
also
means that the bedding-in period is relatively short.
2- METHOD OF OPERTION
3- COMMON OF MATERIALS

- Aluminium Alloy
- Carbon Steel
- Aluminium Metal Matrix

4- MATERIALS SLECTION
5- REFERENCES

Ø Shigley's Mechanical Engineering Design 8th Edition (R.G.Budynas, J.K.Nisbett)

Ø Brake Design and Safety 2nd Edition (Rudolf Limpert)