Antenna Separation and Link Budget Calculations

7.
1 Antenna Separation (S)
First Hop ( D = 37,000 m )
Lower Band Frequency
( )
S = 25.1535 m
Upper Band Frequency
( )
S = 21.8233 m
Second Hop ( D = 38,000 m )
( )
S = 24.4916 m
( )
S = 21.2491 m
137
`
Third Hop ( D = 43,000 m )
( )
S = 21.6438 m
( )
S = 18.7782 m
Fourth Hop ( D = 23,000 m )
( )
S = 40.4644 m
( )
S = 35.1072 m
138
`
Fifth Hop ( D = 45,000 m )
( )
S = 20.6818 m
( )
S = 17.9437 m
7.2 Reflection Loss (RL)
( )
A1' D1 D2 Dt h'1 DF RL
Hop 1 170.7647 33 4 37 169.8235 0.9902 0.2971
Hop 2 1030.1765 35 3 38 1029.6471 0.9991 0.2997
Hop 3 861.4706 1 42 43 757.7059 0.9937 0.2981
Hop 4 661.2941 1 22 23 632.8235 0.9961 0.2988
Hop 5 299.5882 1 44 45 185.7059 0.9738 0.2921
Table 7.1 Reflection Losses

139
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7.3 Diffraction Loss
√ ( ) √ ( )
Lower Sideband Upper Sideband

6.16 GHz 7.1 GHz
V Ad V Ad
Hop 1 18.30720619 38.25244 19.65444982 38.86922
Hop 2 125.492808 54.97238 134.7279356 55.58915
Hop 3 176.5062545 57.9352 189.4955072 58.55198
Hop 4 136.9169762 55.72915 146.9928186 56.34592
Hop 5 61.35002379 48.75629 65.86482674 49.37307
Table 7.2 Diffraction Losses
7.4 Rain Attenuation
140
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First Hop ( D = 37,000 m )
m = -2.9883
k = 0.2639
= 0.9657
Do = 10.7066x10-6 km
141
`
Deff = 10.7066x10-6 km
Yr01 = 39.7517 dB/km
Yr = 4.2561x10-4 dB
m = -2.3519
k = 0.1701
= 1.0058
Do = 10.7066x10-6 km
Deff = 10.7066x10-6 km
142
`
Yr01 = 31.5542 dB/km
Yr = 3.3783x10-4 dB
Second Hop ( D = 38,000 m )
m = -2.9883
k = 0.2639
= 0.9657
Do = 10.7066x10-6 km
Deff = 10.7066x10-6 km
143
`
Yr01 = 39.7517 dB/km
Yr = 4.2561x10-4 dB
m = -2.3519
k = 0.1701
= 1.0058
Do = 10.7066x10-6 km
Deff = 10.7066x10-6 km
Yr01 = 31.5542 dB/km
Yr = 3.3783x10-4 dB
144
`
Third Hop ( D = 43,000 m )
m = -2.9883
k = 0.2639
= 0.9657
Do = 10.7066x10-6 km
Deff = 10.7066x10-6 km
Yr01 = 39.7517 dB/km
Yr = 4.2561x10-4 dB
145
`
( )
S = 18.7782 m
Fourth Hop ( D = 23,000 m )
m = -2.9883
k = 0.2639
= 0.9657
Do = 10.7066x10-6 km
Deff = 10.7066x10-6 km
146
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Yr01 = 39.7517 dB/km
Yr = 4.2561x10-4 dB
m = -2.3519
k = 0.1701
= 1.0058
Do = 10.7066x10-6 km
Deff = 10.7066x10-6 km
Yr01 = 31.5542 dB/km
Yr = 3.3783x10-4 dB
147
`
Fifth Hop ( D = 45,000 m )
m = -2.9883
k = 0.2639
= 0.9657
Do = 10.7066x10-6 km
Deff = 10.7066x10-6 km
Yr01 = 39.7517 dB/km
Yr = 4.2561x10-4 dB
148
`
m = -2.3519
k = 0.1701
= 1.0058
Do = 10.7066x10-6 km
Deff = 10.7066x10-6 km
Yr01 = 31.5542 dB/km
Yr = 3.3783x10-4 dB
7.5 Oxygen Absorption Loss
Normalization Pressure Factor ( )
Pressure of Oxygen (Dry Air)

[ ]
149
`
Oxygen Absorption Loss for Lower Sideband(6.16GHz)

h (m) rp T rt n1 n2 a b Y’o Yo
Hop 0.977 13.774 1.004 2.506 10.309 1.128 1.907 2.066 0.007
188.51
1 9 7 3 7 7 8 6 1 7
Hop 0.922 10.629 1.015 2.552 10.444 1.124 1.863 1.914 0.007
672.37
2 8 6 4 2 1 8 3 6 1
Hop 1043.2 0.882 1.024 2.587 10.548 1.121 1.830 1.805 0.006
8.2192
3 0 4 1 5 8 8 1 4 6
Hop 0.928 10.942 1.014 2.547 10.430 1.125 1.867 1.929 0.007
624.24
4 2 4 3 6 6 2 7 2 1
Hop 0.968 13.245 1.006 2.514 10.332 1.128 1.900 2.039 0.007
270.00
5 4 0 1 3 2 1 1 8 6
Table 7.3 LSB Oxygen Absorption Loss
Oxygen Absorption Loss for Upper Sideband (7.1GHz)

h (m) rp T rt n1 n2 a b Y’o Yo
Hop 0.977 13.774 1.004 2.506 10.309 1.128 1.907 2.066 0.007
188.51
1 9 7 3 7 7 8 6 1 9
Hop 0.922 10.629 1.015 2.552 10.444 1.124 1.863 1.914 0.007
672.37
2 8 6 4 2 1 8 3 6 3
Hop 1043.2 0.882 1.024 2.587 10.548 1.121 1.830 1.805 0.006
8.2192
3 0 4 1 5 8 8 1 4 8
Hop 0.928 10.942 1.014 2.547 10.430 1.125 1.867 1.929 0.007
624.24
4 2 4 3 6 6 2 7 2 4
Hop 0.968 13.245 1.006 2.514 10.332 1.128 1.900 2.039 0.007
270.00
5 4 0 1 3 2 1 1 8 8
Table 7.4 USB Oxygen Absorption Loss
7.6 Water Vapor Absorption Loss
Saturation Pressure
* +
Relative Humidity
150
`
* +
Water Vapor Density
Water Vapor Absorption Loss for Lower Sideband (6.16 GHz)

Yw
ЄW1 ЄW2 ЄW3 ЄW4 ЄW5 A B C D E
(dB/Km)
0.957 0.955 0.958 0.957 0.957 0.017 0.000 0.000 0.016 0.001
0.0007
7 3 6 6 9 9 3 2 8 0
0.911 0.909 0.912 0.911 0.911 0.016 0.000 0.000 0.015 0.001
0.0007
8 1 4 5 8 7 3 2 8 0
0.877 0.874 0.878 0.877 0.877 0.015 0.000 0.000 0.015 0.000
0.0007
8 9 2 5 7 8 3 2 1 9
0.916 0.913 0.916 0.916 0.916 0.016 0.000 0.000 0.015 0.001
0.0007
3 6 9 0 3 8 3 2 9 0
0.949 0.947 0.950 0.949 0.950 0.017 0.000 0.000 0.016 0.001
0.0007
8 4 7 7 0 7 3 2 6 0
Table 7.5 LSB Water Vapor Absorption Loss
Water Vapor Absorption Loss for Upper Sideband (7.1 GHz)

Yw
ЄW1 ЄW2 ЄW3 ЄW4 ЄW5 A B C D E
(db/km)
0.957 0.955 0.958 0.957 0.957 0.019 0.000 0.000 0.017 0.001
0.0010
7 3 6 6 9 4 3 2 4 0
0.911 0.909 0.912 0.911 0.911 0.018 0.000 0.000 0.016 0.001
0.0009
8 1 4 5 8 1 3 2 4 0
0.877 0.874 0.878 0.877 0.877 0.017 0.000 0.000 0.015 0.000
0.0009
8 9 2 5 7 1 3 2 6 9
0.916 0.913 0.916 0.916 0.916 0.018 0.000 0.000 0.016 0.001
0.0009
3 6 9 0 3 2 3 2 5 0
0.949 0.947 0.950 0.949 0.950 0.019 0.000 0.000 0.017 0.001
0.0010
8 4 7 7 0 2 3 2 2 0
Table 7.6 USB Water Vapor Absorption Loss
151
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7.7 Total Gas Attenuation

Total Gas Attenuation = [(Oxygen absorption Loss) + (Water Vapor
Loss)] x Total distance
Oxygen Water Vapor Total Gas

Absorption Absorption Loss Distance (Km) Attenuation
Loss (dB/Km) (dB/Km) (dB)
1st hop 0.0076659 0.000690127 37 0.309172197

2nd hop 0.0070616 0.000671047 38 0.29383953
3rd hop 0.0066266 0.000657113 43 0.313198231
4th hop 0.0071198 0.0006729 23 0.179231867
5th hop 0.0075611 0.000686845 45 0.37115773
Table 7.7 Total Gas Attenuation (LSB Frequency)
Oxygen Water Vapor Total Gas

Absorption Absorption Loss Distance (Km) Attenuation
Loss (dB/Km) (dB/Km) (dB)
1st hop 0.0079237 0.00096222 37 0.32878043

2nd hop 0.0072972 0.000935352 38 0.312838027
3rd hop 0.0068465 0.000915699 43 0.333773191
4th hop 0.0073576 0.000937963 23 0.19079723
5th hop 0.0078151 0.000957601 45 0.394771006
Table 7.8 Total Gas Attenuation (USB Frequency)
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7.8 Free Space Path Loss (FSL)
First Hop
FSL = 92.4 + 20log (6.16GHz) +20log (37km) = 139.5556 dB
Second Hop
Third Hop
153
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Fourth Hop
Fifth Hop
7.9 Received Signal Level (RSL)
First Hop
FSL = 30 + 2(37.8) – 2(0.075) – 2(.097) – 2(0.047) -2(0.023) – 139.5556 –

0.3092
= -35.6008 dBm
154
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FSL = 30 + 2(37.8) – 2(0.075) – 2(.097) – 2(0.042) -2(0.043) – 140.7892 –

0.3288
= -34.0339 dBm
Second Hop
FSL = 30 + 2(37.8) – 2(0.075) – 2(.097) – 2(0.047) -2(0.023) – 139.7873 –

0.2938
= -35.8171 dBm
FSL = 30 + 2(37.8) – 2(0.075) – 2(.097) – 2(0.042) -2(0.043) – 141.0208 –

0.3128
= -34.2497 dBm
Third Hop
FSL = 30 + 2(37.8) – 2(0.075) – 2(.097) – 2(0.047) -2(0.023) – 140.8610 –

0.3132
= -36.9102 dBm
FSL = 30 + 2(37.8) – 2(0.075) – 2(.097) – 2(0.042) -2(0.043) – 142.0945 –

0.3338
= -35.3443 dBm
155
`
Fourth Hop
FSL = 30 + 2(37.8) – 2(0.075) – 2(.097) – 2(0.047) -2(0.023) – 135.4262 –

0.1792
= -31.3414 dBm
FSL = 30 + 2(37.8) – 2(0.075) – 2(.097) – 2(0.042) -2(0.043) – 136.6597 –

0.1908
= -29.7665 dBm
Fifth Hop
FSL = 30 + 2(37.8) – 2(0.075) – 2(.097) – 2(0.047) -2(0.023) – 141.2559 –

0.3712
= -37.3630 dBm
FSL = 30 + 2(37.8) – 2(0.075) – 2(.097) – 2(0.042) -2(0.043) – 142.4894 –

0.3948
= -35.8002 dBm
156
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7.10 Net Path Loss (NPL)
First Hop
NPL = 30dBm – (-35.6008 dBm) = 65.6008 dBm
FSL = 30dBm – (-34.0339 dBm) = 64.0339 dBm
Second Hop
NPL = 30dBm – (-35.8171 dBm) = 65.8171 dBm
FSL = 30dBm – (-34.2497 dBm) = 64.2497 dBm
Third Hop
NPL = 30dBm – (-36.9102 dBm) = 66.9102 dBm
FSL = 30dBm – (-35.3443 dBm) = 65.3443 dBm
157
`
Fourth Hop
NPL = 30dBm – (-31.3414 dBm) = 61.3414 dBm
FSL = 30dBm – (-29.7655 dBm) = 59.7655 dBm
Fifth Hop
NPL = 30dBm – (-37.3630 dBm) = 67.3630 dBm
FSL = 30dBm – (-35.8002 dBm) = 65.8002 dBm
7.11 Fade Margin (FM)
( ) ( )
First Hop
FM = 30 log (37) + 10 log (6 x 1 x 0.25 x 6.16) -10 log (1 – 0.999999) -70

= 46.7028 dB
158
`
FSL = 30 log (37) + 10 log (6 x 1 x 0.25 x 7.1) -10 log (1 – 0.999999) -70
= 47.3195 dB
Second Hop
FM = 30 log (38) + 10 log (6 x 1 x 0.25 x 6.16) -10 log (1 – 0.999999) -70

= 38.0193 dB
= 38.6361 dB
Third Hop
FM = 30 log (43) + 10 log (6 x 1 x 0.25 x 6.16) -10 log (1 – 0.999999) -70

= 39.6299 dB
= 40.2466 dB
Fourth Hop
FM = 30 log (23) + 10 log (6 x 1 x 0.25 x 6.16) -10 log (1 – 0.999999) -70

= 49.5395dB
159
`
= 50.1562 dB
Fifth Hop
FM = 30 log (45) + 10 log (6 x 1 x 0.25 x 6.16) -10 log (1 – 0.999999) -70

= 58.2839 dB
= 58.9008 dB
7.12 System Gain
Where: FM= Fade Margin (dB)
FSL= Free Space Path loss (dB)
AR = Receiver Gain( dB)
AT= Transmitter Gain (dB)
First Hop
Gsdb = 46.7028dB + 139.5556dB + 1.336 -37.8dB – 37.8dB

Gsdb = 111.9944 dB
160
`
Gsdb = 47.3195dB + 140.7892dB + 1.716 -39.4dB – 39.4dB

Gsdb = 111.0247 dB
Second Hop
Gsdb = 38.0193dB + 139.7873dB + 1.336 -37.8dB – 37.8dB

Gsdb = 103.5426 dB
Gsdb = 38.6361dB + 141.0208dB + 1.716 -39.4dB – 39.4dB

Gsdb = 102.5729 dB
Third Hop
Gsdb = 39.6299dB + 140.8610dB + 1.336 -37.8dB – 37.8dB

Gsdb = 106.2269 dB
Gsdb = 40.2466dB + 142.0945dB + 1.716 -39.4dB – 39.4dB

Gsdb = 105.2572 dB
161
`
Fourth Hop
Gsdb = 49.5395dB + 135.4262dB + 1.336 -37.8dB – 37.8dB

Gsdb = 110.7016 dB
Gsdb = 50.1562dB + 136.6597dB + 1.716 -39.4dB – 39.4dB

Gsdb = 109.7319 dB
Fifth Hop
Gsdb = 58.2839dB + 141.2559dB + 1.336 -37.8dB – 37.8dB

Gsdb = 125.2759 dB
Gsdb = 58.9008dB + 142.4894dB + 1.716 -39.4dB – 39.4dB

Gsdb = 124.3062 dB
7.13 Fade Occurrence Factor
Fade Occurrence Factor for the Worst Month
( )
162
`
First Hop
rm = 0.25 x 10-5 ( ) x 22.99073 = 0.0581
ry = 0.125 (0.2322) = 0.0073
rm = 0.25 x 10-5 ( ) x 22.99073 = 0.0718
ry = 0.125 (0. 0718) = 0.0089
Second Hop
rm = 0.25 x 10-5 ( ) x 23.61213 = 0.0629
ry = 0.125 (0.0629) = 0.0079
rm = 0.25 x 10-5 ( ) x 23.61213 = 0.0778
ry = 0.125 (0.0778) = 0.0097
Third Hop
rm = 0.25 x 10-5 ( ) x 26.71893 = 0.0911
ry = 0.125 (0.0911) = 0.0114
163
`
rm = 0.25 x 10-5 ( ) x 26.71893 = 0.1128
ry = 0.125 (0.1128) = 0.0141
Fourth Hop
rm = 1 x 10-5 ( ) x 14.29153 = 0.0558
ry = 0.25 (0. 2231) = 0.0139

rm = 1 x 10-5 ( ) x 14.29153 = 0.0690
ry = 0.25 (0.2761) = 0.0173
Fifth Hop
rm = 4 x 10-5 ( ) x 27.96173 = 1.6712
ry = 0.25 (1.6712) = 0.4178
rm = 4 x 10-5 ( ) x 27.96173 = 2.0679
ry = 0.25 (2.0679) = 0.5169
164
`
7.14 EIRP, Power Flux Density (W), Electric Field Intensity (E), Magnetic Field
Intensity (H)
First Hop
EIRP = 30 dBm + 37.8 dBm = 67.8 dBm
W= = 3.5026 x 10-7 W/m^2
E=√ = 11.4912 x 10-3 V/m
A=√ = 3.0841 x 10-5 A/m
EIRP = 30 dBm + 37.8 dBm = 69.4 dBm
W= = 5.0628 x 10-7 W/m^2
165
`
E=√ = 13.8155 x 10-3 V/m
A=√ = 3.6646 x 10-5 A/m
Second Hop
EIRP = 30 dBm + 37.8 dBm = 67.8 dBm
W= = 3.3207 x 10-7 W/m^2
E=√ = 11.1889 x 10-3 V/m
A=√ = 2.9679 x 10-5 A/m
EIRP = 30 dBm + 37.8 dBm = 69.4 dBm
W= = 4.7998 x 10-7 W/m^2
E=√ = 13.4519 x 10-3 V/m
A=√ = 3.5681 x 10-5 A/m
166
`
Third Hop
EIRP = 30 dBm + 37.8 dBm = 67.8 dBm
W= = 2.5933 x 10-7 W/m^2
E=√ = 9.8877 x 10-3 V/m
A=√ = 2.6227 x 10-5 A/m
EIRP = 30 dBm + 37.8 dBm = 69.4 dBm
W= = 3.7485 x 10-7 W/m^2
E=√ = 11.8877x 10-3 V/m
A=√ = 3.1532 x 10-5 A/m
Fourth Hop
EIRP = 30 dBm + 37.8 dBm = 67.8 dBm
W= = 9.0643 x 10-7 W/m^2
167
`
E=√ = 18.4858 x 10-3 V/m
A=√ = 4.9034 x 10-5 A/m
EIRP = 30 dBm + 37.8 dBm = 69.4 dBm
W= = 1.3102 x 10-6 W/m^2
-
E=√ = 22.2249 x 10-3 V/m
-
A=√ = 5.8952 x 10-5 A/m
Fifth Hop
EIRP = 30 dBm + 37.8 dBm = 67.8 dBm
W= = 2.3679 x 10-7 W/m^2
E=√ = 9.4483 x 10-3 V/m
A=√ = 2.5061 x 10-5 A/m
168
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EIRP = 30 dBm + 37.8 dBm = 69.4 dBm
W= = 3.4227 x 10-7 W/m^2
E=√ = 11.3594 x 10-3 V/m
A=√ = 3.0131 x 10-5 A/m
7.15 Reliability Calculations
Path Unavailability (Undp)
[ ]
First Hop
UNDP = 0.25(0.125)(6.16 GHz)1.5(22.9907 mi)3(1.25 x 10-6)(10-46.7028/10)

= 1.5506 x 10-7
R = [1-UNDP] x 100% = 99.9999 %
UNDP = 0.25(0.125)(7.1 GHz)1.5(22.9907 mi)3(1.25 x 10-6)(10-47.3195/10)

= 1.6648 x 10-7
R = [1-UNDP] x 100% = 99.9999 %
169
`
Second Hop
UNDP = 0.25(0.125)(6.16 GHz)1.5(23.6121 mi)3(1.25 x 10-6)(10-38.0193/10)

= 1.2405 x 10-6
R = [1-UNDP] x 100% = 99.9999 %
UNDP = 0.25(0.125)(7.1 GHz)1.5(23.6121 mi)3(1.25 x 10-6)(10-38.6361/10)

= 1.3318 x 10-6
R = [1-UNDP] x 100% = 99.9999 %
Third Hop
UNDP = 0.25(0.125)(6.16 GHz)1.5(26.7189 mi)3(1.25 x 10-6)(10-39.6299/10)

= 1.2405 x 10-6
R = [1-UNDP] x 100% = 99.9999 %
UNDP = 0.25(0.125)(7.1 GHz)1.5(26.7189 mi)3(1.25 x 10-6)(10-40.2466/10)

= 1.3318 x 10-6
R = [1-UNDP] x 100% = 99.9999 %
Fourth Hop
UNDP = 0.25(0.125)(6.16 GHz)1.5(14.2915 mi)3(1.25 x 10-6)(10-49.5395/10)
170
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= 1.5506 x 10-7
R = [1-UNDP] x 100% = 99.9999 %
UNDP = 0.25(0.125)(7.1 GHz)1.5(14.2915 mi)3(1.25 x 10-6)(10-50.1562/10)

= 1.6648 x 10-7
R = [1-UNDP] x 100% = 99.9999 %
Fifth Hop
UNDP = 0.25(0.125)(6.16 GHz)1.5(27.9617 mi)3(1.25 x 10-6)(10-58.2839/10)

= 6.2026 x 10-7
R = [1-UNDP] x 100% = 99.9999 %
UNDP = 0.25(0.125)(7.1 GHz)1.5(27.9617 mi)3(1.25 x 10-6)(10-58.9008/10)

= 6.6590 x 10-7
R = [1-UNDP] x 100% = 99.9999 %
System Total Availability
R = (0.999999)(0.999999) (0.999999) (0.999999) (0.999999) x 100%
= 99.9995 %
171
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7.16 Site Availability Calculations
( )
ITEM Performance
(1+0 Non-Protection Configuration)
MTBF (Hours) 157680
MTTR (Hours) 2 – 10 (worst case)
The link availability reflects the availability of a microwave hop and
reflects the availability of all involved equipment.
The analysis is at 25 °C ambient temperature buy Telecordia SR-332,
Issue 4,
Method 1, Case 3 under Ground Fixed, Uncontrolled environment, 50%
operation stress.
172
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First Hop
MTTR assumption for this hop will be 10 hours because both towers are
located on top of a mountain
A1 = ( ) x 100%
A1 = 99.9936%
Second Hop
A2 = ( ) x 100%
A2 = 99.9936%
Third Hop
A3 = ( ) x 100%
A3 = 99.9936%
173
`
Fourth Hop
A4 = ( ) x 100%
A4 = 99.9936%
Fifth Hop
MTTR assumption for this hop will be 10 hours because one tower is
A5 = ( ) x 100%
A5 = 99.9936%
System Total Availability
R = (.999936) (.999936) (.999936) (.999936) (.999936) x 100%
= 99.9683 %
174
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Site A Site B
Latitude 16°40'35.10"N Latitude 16°22'34.52"N
Longitude 121°33'5.13"E Longitude 121°42'22.69"E
Ground Elevation 90 Ground Elevation 172
Antenna Type SB6-W60AC Antenna Type SB6-W60AC
Transmission Line Type RG400 Transmission Line Type RG400
Waveguide Type EP65 Waveguide Type EP65
Connector Type 163SE Connector Type 163SE
Tower Type Lattice Tower Type Lattice
Antenna Height 60 m Antenna Height 60 m
Azimuth Adjustment ± 30° Azimuth Adjustment ± 30°
Rainfall Rate 100 mm/hr Rainfall Rate 100 mm/hr
Radio Systems
Transmitter Output Power 30 dBm Receiver Sensitivity -68.8
Transmitter Antenna USB 39.4 dBi USB 39.4 dBi
Gain LSB 37.8 dBi Receiver Antenna Gain LSB 37.8 dBi
Connector Loss 0.05 dB Connector Loss 0.05 dB
Waveguide Attenuation 0.047 dB Waveguide Attenuation 0.047 dB
Transmitter Line Loss 0.23 dB Transmitter Line Loss 0.23 dB
Total System Loss 3.1 dB Total System Loss 16.67 dB
System Performance
Distance (km) 37 Fade Occurrence Factor USB 0.0718
USB 7.1 (worst month) LSB 0.0581
Frequency (GHz) LSB 6.16 Fade Occurrence Factor USB 0.0089
USB 111.0247 (over a year) LSB 0.0073
System Gain (dB) LSB 111.9944 USB 99.9999%
Power Density USB 5.0628 x 10^-7 Reliability LSB 99.9999%
(W/m^2) LSB 3.5026 x 10^-7 USB 21.8233
Electric Field USB 13.8155 x 10^-3 Antenna Separation (m) LSB 25.1535
Strength (V/m) LSB 11.4912 x 10^-3
Magnetic Field USB 3.6646 x 10^-5
Strength (A/m) LSB 3.0841 x 10^-5
USB 47.3195
Fade Margin (dB) LSB 46.7028
Receive Signal USB -33.7052
Level (dBm) LSB -35.2916
Propagation
Losses LSB (6.16 GHz) USB (7.1 GHz)
Free-Space Path Loss (dB) 139.5556 140.7892
Diffraction Loss (dB) 38.2524 38.8692
Oxygen Absorption Loss (dB) 0.0077 0.0079
Water Vapor Loss (dB) 0.0007 0.0010
Rain Attenuation (dB) 4.2561 x 10-4 3.3783 x 10-4
Reflection Loss (dB) 0.2971
Net Path Loss (dBm) 65.2916 63.7052
Total Propagation Loss (dB) 177.8168 179.6676
Table 7.9 Site A Link Budget Summary
175
`
Site B Site C
Latitude 16°22'34.52"N Latitude 16° 2'43.61"N
Radio Systems
System Performance
(W/m^2) LSB 3.3207 x 10^-7 USB 21.2491
USB 38.6361
Propagation
Table 7.10 Site B Link Budget Summary
176
`
Site C Site D
Latitude 16° 2'43.61"N Latitude 15°47'47.51"N
Radio Systems
System Performance
(W/m^2) LSB 2.5933 x 10^-7 USB 18.7782
USB 40.2466
Propagation
Table 7.11 Site C Link Budget Summary
177
`
Site D Site E
Longitude 121°22'13.12"E Longitude 121° 9'40.81"E
Radio Systems
System Performance
(W/m^2) LSB 9.0643 x 10^-7 USB 35.1072
USB 50.1562
Propagation
Table 7.12 Site D Link Budget Summary
178
`
Site E Site F
Longitude 121° 9'40.81"E Longitude 120°56'52.14"E
Radio Systems
System Performance
(W/m^2) LSB 2.3679 x 10^-7 USB 17.9437
USB 58.9008
Propagation
Table 7.13 Site E Link Budget Summary
179

Antenna Separation and Link Budget Calculations

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Antenna Separation and Link Budget Calculations

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7.

1 Antenna Separation (S)

First Hop ( D = 37,000 m )

Lower Band Frequency

Upper Band Frequency

Second Hop ( D = 38,000 m )

Lower Band Frequency

Upper Band Frequency

Third Hop ( D = 43,000 m )

Lower Band Frequency

Upper Band Frequency

Fourth Hop ( D = 23,000 m )

Lower Band Frequency

Upper Band Frequency

Fifth Hop ( D = 45,000 m )

Lower Band Frequency

Upper Band Frequency

7.2 Reflection Loss (RL)

Table 7.1 Reflection Losses

7.3 Diffraction Loss

Lower Sideband Upper Sideband

Hop 1 18.30720619 38.25244 19.65444982 38.86922

Hop 2 125.492808 54.97238 134.7279356 55.58915

Hop 3 176.5062545 57.9352 189.4955072 58.55198

Hop 4 136.9169762 55.72915 146.9928186 56.34592

Hop 5 61.35002379 48.75629 65.86482674 49.37307

Table 7.2 Diffraction Losses

7.4 Rain Attenuation

First Hop ( D = 37,000 m )

Lower Band Frequency

Yr01 = 39.7517 dB/km

Upper Band Frequency

Yr01 = 31.5542 dB/km

Second Hop ( D = 38,000 m )

Lower Band Frequency

Yr01 = 39.7517 dB/km

Upper Band Frequency

Yr01 = 31.5542 dB/km

Third Hop ( D = 43,000 m )

Lower Band Frequency

Yr01 = 39.7517 dB/km

Upper Band Frequency

Fourth Hop ( D = 23,000 m )

Lower Band Frequency

Yr01 = 39.7517 dB/km

Upper Band Frequency

Yr01 = 31.5542 dB/km

Fifth Hop ( D = 45,000 m )

Lower Band Frequency

Yr01 = 39.7517 dB/km

Upper Band Frequency

Yr01 = 31.5542 dB/km

7.5 Oxygen Absorption Loss

Normalization Pressure Factor ( )

Pressure of Oxygen (Dry Air)

Oxygen Absorption Loss for Lower Sideband(6.16GHz)

Oxygen Absorption Loss for Upper Sideband (7.1GHz)

Table 7.4 USB Oxygen Absorption Loss

7.6 Water Vapor Absorption Loss

Water Vapor Density

Water Vapor Absorption Loss for Lower Sideband (6.16 GHz)

Water Vapor Absorption Loss for Upper Sideband (7.1 GHz)

Table 7.6 USB Water Vapor Absorption Loss