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MAKALAH

(TOEIC)

(TENSES : “ SIMPLE PRESENT, PRESENT


CONTINUES TENSE, AND PRESENT PERFECT
TENSE)

NAME : RAHMAT SETIA LAOLI


NPM : 181010015
LECTURE :Mhd. Johan, S.S ., M.Hum.

PROGRAM STUDI ADMINISTRASI NEGARA

FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN


HUMANIORA

UNIVERSITAS PUTERA BATAM

2018/2019
PREFACE
All praise dan gratitude writer prayed to Allah SWT who has
given his blessing and of guidance. Blessings and greetings authors
devote to the lord and his companions and their families so I can
finish this paper with the good.

In addition to fulfilling one of the tasks assigned by the lecturer


concerned, it's easy - I hope also that paper about "tenses” the writer
for this can be usefull for anyone who reads this paper, especially for
writers. The authors say thank you to friends, my lecture and all those
who havehelpedresolvethispaper.The author realizes that this paper is
still a lot of mistakes and shortcomings. Therefore, the authors expect
criticism and constructive suggestions for improvement and further
improvement of the peper. And I say thank you.

Batam 2019

Rahmatsetialaoli
LIST OF CONTENTS

PREFACE............................................................................................. 2

LIST OF CONTENTS.......................................................................... 3

CHAPTER I.......................................................................................... 4

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ 4

CHAPTER II ........................................................................................ 6

DISCUSSION....................................................................................... 6

A. THE DEFINITION OF TENSES ............................................. 6

a. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE ..................................................... 6

b. SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE ........................... 10

C. SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE .................................... 13

B. DEFINITION AKTIVE AND PASSIVE SENTENCES .................................. 15


D. THE WAY TO FORM ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SENTENCES ..................... 15
CHAPTER III ................................................................................................... 17
COVER ........................................................................................................... 17
A. CONCLUSION ..................................................................................... 17
B. SUGGESTION ......................................................................................... 17
REFERENCES.................................................................................................. 18
CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. BACKGROUND

Language is very important in human life. Language is a


communication tool. Without language, one should not communicate
with others. English is the language of the world.People call it a
language. At our school, English language has been given since the
four the grade primary school to University. Most people in the world
from different countries and speak in the language of the nation. In
addition, many scientific studies such as education, science, religion,
technology, commerce or politics is written in that language. Writing
is language that requires more cognitive pedestal. When writing, the
author is opposed to using only the linguistic code without the help of
code, other code, take for example, motion-Geri. A writer should
provide some ideas and exchange them into thinking carefully in
writing code on paper.

In fact, writing is writing than Indonesia. English as stated


above is a foreign language to Indonesian students. English language
is new language that they often have difficulties when they learn. One
reason is the characteristics of the English language itself. For
example, tenses, irregular verbs and irregular does not exist in
Indonesia. In contrast, Indonesia is the language students who have
got used to in essence, we believe that free junior high school students
have enough knowledge about it and have been recognized to use it
properly and correctly. So there is a possibility that unlicensed
Indonesia, although the language school for bigger than them, may be
considered as a first language learners. They used more frequently
with Indonesian friends and teachers. In addition, Indonesia is very
close to them, for they speak or write custom. It is one thing that
invites problems when students write sentences in the language
composition of English Language.

B. PROBLEM STATEMENT

1. What is the meaning of tenses?

2. What about simple present continues Tense?

3. What about simple present Perfect Tense?

4. What about Simple Present Tense?

C. PURPOSE

1. To know the meaning of Tenses.

2. To know kinds of Tenses.

3. To know the meaning of active and passive sentences.

4. To know how to use active and passive sentences.


CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A. THE DEFINITION OF TENSES

Tense is the form of a verb the text to show the time it


happened. There are three major tenses in English. These include past,
present, and future. Each of these tenses can explain an event that
occurred in the present, or an event that will occur in the future.
Tenses is the change of predicate of sentence, namely
“Auxiliary verb or To be or Verb” in accordance with the change of
following elements baseed on its subsequent priorities such as “
Condition or Deed or Time”.
According to grammar in general, tenses has sixteen
different forms of applications, where twelve tenses are real and four
other tenses are unreal or conditional sentence. Actually there are only
two primary types of tenses, namely Present Tense ( real now ) and
Past Tense ( unreal now ).
To mastery english well, in both of active or passive
english well, we have know or study about Tenses, because the use of
tenses in english should be structural and according formulate or the
rules of tenses.

a. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Simple Present Tense is used for facts, habits (habitual


actions), general truths and states of being.
For the simple present tense these are adverbs of frequency:
- Everyday/week/years
- Always
- Sometimes
- Usually
- Seldom
- Never
- Often
The formula of Simple Present Tense in verb:
(+) subject+ Verb 1+ object
(-) subject+ do/does+ not+ Verb 1+ object
(?) do/does+ subject+ Verb1+ object?
Subject Tobe
I Do
You Do
We Do
They Do
He Does
She Does
It Does

The formula of Simple Present Tense in nominal:


(+) subject+ tobe (am, is, are) + noun/adjective+ object
(-) subject+ tobe+ not+ noun/adjective + object
(?) tobe+ subject+ noun/adjective + object?
Subject Tobe
I Am
You Are
We Are
They Are
He Is
She Is
It Is
In simple present tense, if subject is third person singular
pronoun or name of someone or name of noun, the verb must added s
or es. Additional s Contained in the verb that ends with the letter
ss/sh/ch/x.

Example:
 Kiss = kisses
 Wash = whases
 Watch = watches
 Wax = waxes
If verb ends with letter y after letter consonan, those letter
changed as I +es.
Example:
 Study = studies
 Fly = flies
 Carry = carries

For verb that ends with letter y after letter vocal, those verb
added s
Example:
 play = plays
 Say = says
 Enjoy =enjoys

Verb have,do and go change as


 Have = has
 Do = does
 Go = goes
Example: _____ she _____books? (to read)
Answer : does she read books?

Exercise!
Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Use Simple Present.
1. They _____hockey at school. (to play)
2. She _____e-mails. (not/to write)
3. _____ you _____ English? (to speak)
4. My parents ______ fish. (not/to like)
5. _____ Ani _____ any hobbies? (to have)
6. Andy’s brother _____ in n office. (to work)
7. Leony ______ very fast. (can/ not/ to read)
8. _____ Jimmy and Joe _____ the flowers every week? (to
water)
9. Vanny’s mother ______a motorbike. (no/ to ride)
10. _____ Elisabeth ____cola. (to drink)
Answer:
1. Play
2. Does not write
3. Do/ speak
4. Don’t like
5. Does / has
6. Work
7. Can,t read
8. Do / water
9. Does not ride
10. Does / drink
b. SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE
Simple Present Continous Tense is the actions happening at
the moment of speaking.
The formula of Simple Present Continous Tense:
(+) subject+ tobe (am, is, are) + Verb-ing + object
(-) subject+ tobe+ not+ Verb-ing+ object
(?) tobe+ subject+ Verb-ing + object?
Subject Tobe
I Am
You Are
We Are
They Are
He Is
She Is
It Is

Ada beberapacaraaturanpenambahan–INGyaitu:
1. Padaumumnya present continuous tense dibentukdaribentuk
kata kerjadasar/infinitive denganmenambahakhiran–ING
Infinitive V-ing Meaning
Apply Applying Menggunakan
Go Going Pergi
Sing singing Bernyanyi

2. Jikakata kerjadasar/infinitivebersuku kata


satudantekananpengucapannyajatuhpadasuku kata terakhir
yang di dahuluiolehsebuahhurufhidup,
makahurufakhirdigandakan, laluditambah-ing.
Infinitive V-ing Meaning
Cut Cutting Memotong
Jog Jogging Berlari
Swim Swimming Berenang
3. Jika kata kerjadasar/infinitive bersuku kata duaataulebih,
dantekanannyajatuhpadasuku kata terakhir yang di
dahuluiolehsebuahhurufhidup (vocal), makahurufmati
(konsonan) terakhirdigandakan, laluditambahkan-ing.
Infinitive V-ing Meaning
Begin Beginning Memulai
Occur Occurring Terjadi
Submit Submitting Mengajukan

4. Jika kata kerjadasar/infinitive bersuku kata


satuatauduadenganberakhiranhuruf –L yang di
dahuluiolehsebuahhurufhidu[makahuruf –L
digandakanlaluditambahkan-ing.
Infinitive V-ing Meaning
Control Controlling Memeriksa
Propel Propelling Mendorong
Quarrel Quarrelling Bertengkar

5. Jika kata kerjadasar/infinitive bersuku kata


satuatauduadenganberakhiranhuruf –i yang di
dahuluiolehduabuahhurufhidu[makahuruf –I
terakhirtidakbolehdigandakantetapilangsungditambahkan-ing.
Infinitive V-ing Meaning
Sail Sailing Berlayar
Seal Sealing Menutup
Wait Waiting Menunggu

6. Jika kata kerjadasar/infinitive berakhiranhuruf –e yang


didahuluiolehhurufmati, makahuruf –e dihilangkan,
laluditambah-ing.
Infinitive V-ing Meaning
Come Coming Datang
Change Changing Mengubah
Write Writing Menulis

7. Jika kata kerjadasar/infinitive berakhiranhuruf –e yang


didahuluiolehhurufhidup –i, makahuruf –iedigantidengan -y
laluditambahkan –ing.
Infinitive V-ing Meaning
Die Dying Layu
Lie Lying Berbaring
Tie Tying Menunggu

Example:
She ____ a newspaper. (to read)
Answer: she is reading a newspaper
Exercise!
1. He ____ in the lake. (to swim)
2. They _____ muffins. (to make)
3. He _____ a letter. (to write)
4. They _____ pictures. (to swap)
5. She _____ with Bobi. (to dance)
6. You ______ home. (to run)
7. I _____ a shower. (to take)
8. We _____ money for a new computer. (to save)
9. She ______ the grass. (to cut)
10. He ____ his bike. (to ride)
Answer:
1. is swimming
2. are making
3. is writing
4. are swaping
5. is dancing
6. are running
7. am taking
8. are saving
9. is cutting
10. is riding

C. SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE


Simple Present Perfect Tense is an action or situation that
started in the past and continues in the present.
Signal words:
- Just
- Yet
- Never
- Already
- Ever
- So far
- Up to now
- Recently
- Since
- For
The formula of Simple Present Continous Tense:
(+) subject+ tobe (have/has) + Verb3 + object
(-) subject+ tobe+ not+ Verb3+ object
(?) tobe+ subject+ Verb3+ object?

Subject Tobe
I Have
You Have
We Have
They Have
He Has
She Has
It Has

Example: _____ you _____ the car yet? (to clean)


Answer: have you cleaned the car yet?
Exercise!
Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps use Present Perfect
Tense.
1. Emma _____ this film on the TV. (not/ to see)
2. How often ____ she ______ the office? (to phone)
3. _____ the Millers ____ yet? (to arrive)
4. John ____ on a trip through Alaska. (not/to go)
5. _____ they ever ____ to New York? (to be)
6. Andy _____ his sister’s bike. (to be)
7. What ____ you ____ in the kitchen? (to drop)
8. I ____ a new laptop. (to buy)
9. _____ Toby _____ his blue pen? (to find)
10. the students _____ their homework. (not/to forget)
answer:
1. Has not/ sew
2. Has/ phoned
3. Has/ arrived
4. Has not/ gone
5. Have/been
6. Has not/ repaired
7. Have/ droped
8. Have/ bought
9. Has/ found
10. Have not/ forgot
B. DEFINITION AKTIVE AND PASSIVE
SENTENCES
Aktive sentence is the verb from used when the subject of a
sentence does the action. Passive sentence is the verb from used
when the subject of a sentence is affected by the action.

D. THE WAY TO FORM ACTIVE AND PASSIVE


SENTENCES

· Active sentences
If we want to form an active sentence,we do not need any special
regulations, because there is no special key. Just pay attention with
the tenses. As we know that English has movement verb that we
have to know well.
· Passive sentences
The passive sentence has special ways to form it. Beside we have
to pay attention with movement of verbs, we have to give special
attention with such thing. According to Mas’ud, there are four
ways form passive sentences.
1. Put an object of active sentence in the beginning of passive
sentence (object of active sentence becomes subject in passive
sentence).
Example : he ate banana (active)
Banana was eaten by him (passive)
2. If in the active sentence do not have auxiliary (to be), so just
add to bethat is suitable with the subject of passive sentence and the
tenses.
Example :Jojo invited them (active)
They were invited by Jojo (passive)
3. Put the main verb from active sentence after auxiliary verb (to
be) in past participle from.
Example : My sister is cooking rice (active)
Rice is being read by my sister (passive)
4. Put the preposition by after the main verb before object in
passive sentence. (in some cases, the preposition by can be omitted
when it is not known or not important to know exactly who performs
the action).
Example : This room was painted yesterday
· Formula of passive sentence
To be + Past Participle
CHAPTER III

COVER

A. CONCLUSION

Tenses is the change of predicate of sentence, namely

“Auxiliary verb or To be or Verb” in accordance with the change of

following elements baseed on its subsequent priorities such as “

Condition or Deed or Time”.Aktive sentence is the verb from used

when the subject of a sentence does the action. Passive sentence is the

verb from used when the subject of a sentence is affected by the

action.

B. SUGGESTION
My suggestion to reader is necessarily a more regular try to
understand tenses because startup we can make an english language

deep sentence be tenses. And also we shall often well-read that book a

lot of reference. And then accustomize yourself to speak English with

your friend wherever you. Don’t shy or fear amiss.

REFERENCES

AsoLa,Nurjannah.2011 Materi Grammar I, unaaha.

SuponoIdi,WidieCahya. 2010.Panduan Menguasai 16 Tenses. Jakarta,

Indonesia ;KawanPustaka

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