7 Layers of existence

According to some Puranas, the Brahmanda is divided into fourteen worlds. Among these worlds,
seven are upper worlds which constitute of Bhuloka (the Earth), Bhuvarloka, Svarloka, Maharloka,
Janarloka, Tapoloka and Satyaloka, and seven are lower worlds which constitute of Atala, Vitala,
Sutala, Talatala, Mahatala, Rasatala and Patala.[

The 7 Layers of the Earth. This presentation lets students learn about the different layers of the
Earth. Including the inner core, the outer core, the mantle, theasthenosphere,
the lithosphere, and the crust.

Satyaloka: the abode of Brahma (he may live above Satyaloka) and the greatest sages

Tapaloka: the place of the second-greatest sages in recognition of their faultless observance
of the rituals

Janaloka: the world for the life-long celibates

Maharloka: the place for those who voluntarily went through a period of celibacy

Svarloka: a group of planets that are home to lesser deities, bards, and other pious beings

Bhuvarloka: the atmosphere of the earth; home to ghosts and spirits caught in limbo before
their rebirth

Bhurloka: the earth and other planets with similar attributes; the only place people can
accumulate good or bad karma
Some believe a person could spend time in both a heaven and a hell — for instance, if a
lifelong celibate did some evil they needed to work off. If enough good karma is earned, the
soul can finally break out of the cycle and reach Nirvana. Reckoning of time among
other entities[edit]

Relationship between various time units in Hindu cosmology

Among the Pitṛs (forefathers)[edit]

 1 day of pitras = 1 solar masa (month) [6]

 30 days of pitras = 1 month of pitras[6]
 12 months of pitras = 1 year of pitras[6]

The Lifespan of the pitras is 100 years of pitras (3,000 Solar years).[6]
Among the Devas[edit]
The life span of any Hindu deva spans nearly (or more than) 4.5 million years. Statistically, we can
also look it as:

 12000 Deva Years = Life Span of Devas = 1 Mahā-Yuga.[7]

The Viṣṇu Purāṇa Time measurement section of the Viṣṇu Purāṇa Book I Chapter III explains the
above as follows:

 2 Ayanas (6-month periods, see above) = 1 human year or 1 day of the devas
 4,000 + 400 + 400 = 4,800 divine years (= 1,728,000 human years) = 1 Satya Yuga[7]
 3,000 + 300 + 300 = 3,600 divine years (= 1,296,000 human years) = 1 Treta Yuga[7]
 2,000 + 200 + 200 = 2,400 divine years (= 864,000 human years) = 1 Dvapara Yuga[7]
 1,000 + 100 + 100 = 1,200 divine years (= 432,000 human years) = 1 Kali Yuga[7]
 12,000 divine year = 4 Yugas (= 4,320,000 human years) = 1 Mahā-Yuga (also is equaled to
12000 Daiva (divine) Yuga)[7]
 [2*12,000 = 24,000 divine year = 12000 revolutions of sun around its dual][7]
For Brahma[edit]

 1000 Mahā-Yugas = 1 Kalpa = 1 day (day only) of Brahma

 1 Mnavantra = 71 Maha yugas
 14 MANVANTrs X 71 Mahayugas = 1000 Mahayugas = 1 brahma day
(2 Kalpas constitute a day and night of Brahma, 8.64 billion human years)

 30 days of Brahma = 1 month of Brahma (259.2 billion human years)

 12 months of Brahma = 1 year of Brahma (3.1104 trillion human years)
 50 years of Brahma = 1 Parārdha (156,764,160,000,000 human years)
 2 parardhas = 100 years of Brahma = 1 Para = 1 Mahā-Kalpa (the lifespan of Brahma)
(313,528,320,000,000 human years)
One day of Brahma is divided into 1000 parts called charaṇas.[8]
Four Yugas[edit]
The four yugas which come one after the other are as follows (along with their durations):

The Four Yugas hide

4 charaṇas (1,728,000 solar years) Satya Yuga

3 charaṇas (1,296,000 solar years) Treta Yuga
2 charaṇas (864,000 solar years) Dvapara Yuga
1 charaṇas (432,000 solar years) Kali Yuga