UNIT 1: A DAY IN THE LIFE OF...

1. The present simple:

Form:
Affirmative: S + Vs/es, S + am/is/are
Negative: S + do/does + not + V0, S + am/is/are + not
Question: Do/Does + S + V0?, Am/Is/Are + S?
Use:
_ General statements of fact and general truths.
_ Habitual or every activities.
Ex:
The world is round.
I often go to school every day.
2. Adverbs of frequency:
Form:
S + adverbs of frequency + normal verbs.
S + to be + adverbs of frequency
Ex:
I usually get up at 7a.m.
She is always beautiful.
3. The simple past:
Form:
Affirmative: S + V2ed, S + was/were
Negative: S + did + not + V0, S + was/were + not
Question: Did + S + V0?, Was/Were + S?
Use:
_ An activity or situation began and ended in a particular time in the past.
Ex:
Uncle Ho passed away in 1969.
UNIT 2: SCHOOL TALKS
1. Wh-question:
Form:
Wh-question + auxiliary verbs + S + V?
Wh-question + to be + S?
Ex:
Where is she?
What do you do?
2. Gerund and to infinitive:
Gerund: enjoy, appreciate, mind, quit, finish, avoid, postpone, delay, keep, consider,
discuss, mention, suggest,...
Ex:
I enjoy meeting her.
To infinitive: hope, plan, intend, decide, promise, agree, offer, refuse, seem, appear,
pretend, ask, expect, would like, want,...
Ex:
I decide to take doctor’s advice.
 Gerund and infinive: stop, forget, remember, regret, try.
Stop + to V0: showing purpose.
Stop + V_ing: stop an activity.
Ex:
I stop to eat lunch.
I stop smoking.

Remember + to V0: remember to perform a responsibility, duty, or task.

Remember + V_ing: remember something happened in the past.
Ex:
Remember to post the letter when you get to the post office.
I remember seeing her at the first time.

Forget + to V0: forget to perform a responsibility, duty, or task.

Forget + V_ing: forget something happened in the past.
Ex:
She always forgets to lock the door.
I will never forget seeing her at the first time.

Regret + to V0: regret to say, to tell someone, to inform someone of some bad news.
Regret + V_ing: regret something happened in the past.
Ex:
I regret to tell you that you failed the exam.
I regret lending him some money.

Try + to V0: make infinitive.

Try + V_ing: experiment with a new or different approach to see if it works.
Ex:
He tries to get 10 marks.
He tries writing with his left hand.

UNIT 3: PEOPLE’S BACKGROUND

1. The past perfect:
Form:
Affirmative: S + had + V3/ed
Negative: S + had + not + V3/ed
Question: Had + S + V3/ed?
Use:
_ An activity that was complete before another activity or time in the past.
Ex:
I had learnt English before I came to England.
2. Review past perfect and simple past:
UNIT4: SPECIAL EDUCATION
1. The Adjectives:
Form:
The + Adj = N
Ex:
The Vietnamese are always kind.
2. Used to + infinitive:
Form:
Affirmative: S + used to + V0
Negative: S + did + not + use to + V0
Question: Did + S + use to + V0?
Use:
_ Habits in the past.
Ex:
I used to go to school every day.
3. Which as a connector: Using which to modify a whole sentence.
Ex:
He passed the exam, which makes me happy.
UNIT 5: TECHNOLOGY AND YOU
1. The present perfect:
Form:
Affirmative: S + have/has + V3ed
Negative: S + have/has + not + V3ed
Question: Have/Has + S + V3ed?
Use:
_ To talk about past events when there is no specific mention of time.
_ Situations that began in the past and continue to the present.
Ex:
Have you had bereakfast?
I have lived in HCMC since 1992.
2. The present perfect passive:
Form:
S + have/has + been + V3ed
Ex:
I have been given a big gift.
3. Who,which, that:
Form:
S(person) who/that + V
S(person) who/whom/that + S(person) + V + preposition
+ V + (O)
S(thing) which/that + V
S(thing) which/that + S(person) + V
Ex:
Lan, who is friendly, is my best friend.
The person, whom I talked to last night, is my best friend.
The company, which makes car, is over there.
The dog, which I bought last year, was friendly.
UNIT 6: AN EXCURSION
1. The present progressive and be going to:
The present progressive:
Form:
Affirmative: S + am/is/are + V_ing
Negative: S + am/is/are + not + V_ing
Question: Am/Is/Are + S + V_ing?
Use:
_ It may be used to express future time when the idea of semtence concerns a
planned event or definite intention.
Ex:
I am meeting my friend at 7p.m.
Be going to:
Form:
Affimative: S + am/is/are + going + to V0
Negative: S + am/is/are + not + going + to V0
Question: Am/Is/Are + S + going + to V0?
Use:
_ A prior plan (a plan made before the moment of speaking).
_ Making predictions.
Ex:
I have save some money. I am going to buy a car.
Look at! It is going to rain.
UNIT 7: THE MASS MEDIA
1. Review the present perfect:
2. Because of and in spite of:
Because of/Due to/Owing to/On account of + N/V_ing, S + V
Use: Showing cause and effect
In spite of/Despite + N/V_ing, S + V
Use: Showing contrasted ideas.
Ex:
Because of my sickness, I did not go to school this morning.
In spite of my sickness, I still went to school this morning.
UNIT 8: THE STORY OF MY VILLAGE
1. Reported speech: statements
Form:
S + said/told + that + S + change of verbs
Ex:
She said that she had done her homework.
2. Conditional sentence: type 1
Form:
If + S + V1, S + will/can + V0
Use: real in present or future situation.
Ex:
If I have enough money, I will buy a car.
UNIT 9: UNDERSEA WORLD
1. Should:
Form: S + should (not) + V0
Use:
_ Expressing advisability.
_ Expressing expectation.
Ex:
I should follow doctor’s advice.
2. Conditional sentence: type 2
Form:
If + S + V2/ed, S + would/could + V0
Use: unreal in present or future situation
Ex:
If I were you, I would do like that.
UNIT 10: CONSERVATION
1. The passive voice:

Active Passive
Simple Present S + V1 S + am/is/are + V3ed + by O
Present Continuous S + am/is/are + V_ing S + am/is/are + being + V3ed + by O
Simple Past S + V2 S + was/were + V3ed + by O
Past Continuous S + was/were + V_ing S + was/were + being + V3ed + by O
Present Perfect S + have/has + V3ed S + have/has + been + V3ed + by O
Past Perfect S + had + V3ed S + had + been + V3ed + by O
Simple Future S + will + V0 S + will + be + V3ed + by O
Future Perfect S + will + have + V3ed S + will + have + been + V3ed + by O
Modal Verb S + modal verb + V0 S + modal verb + be + V3ed + by O
Be going to S + be going to + V0 S + be going to + be + V3ed + by O
Ex:
1. A mouse is eaten by a cat.
2. A mouse is being eaten by a cat.
3. A mouse was eaten by a cat.
4. A mouse was being eaten by a cat.
5. A mouse has been eaten by a cat.
6. A mouse had been eaten by a cat.
7. A mouse will be eaten by a cat.
8. A mouse will have been eaten by a cat.
9. A mouse can be eaten by a cat.
10. A mouse is going to be eaten by a cat.
UNIT 11: NATIONAL PARKS
1. Conditional sentence: type 3
Form:
If + S + had + V3ed, S + would/could + have + V3ed
Use: unreal in past situation.
Ex:
If I had worked, I would not have failed.
UNIT 12: MUSIC
1. To + infinitive to talk about purposes:
Form:
S + V + so that + S + (can/could) + V
in order that
Ex:
I study English so that I can communicate with the foreigners.
S + V + to V0
so as to V0
in order to V0
Ex:
I study Enlish so as to travel around the world.
2. Review Wh-questions:
UNIT 13: FILMS AND MEDIA
1. Attitudinal adjectives:
Form:
S + to be + Adj(ing_ed)
Use:
_ Adj(ing): the present participle can serve as an adjective with an active meaning.
_ Adj(ed): the past participle can serve as an adjective with an passive meaning.
Ex:
I am interested in reading book.
The book is interesting.
2. It is/was not until...that...:
Form:
It + to be + not until.....that + S + V2ed
Ex:
It was not until I had met her that I understood the problem.
3. Articles:
Form: A/an + indefinite nouns
The + definite nouns
Ex:
A doctor is standing over there.
I see some birds on the tree. The birds are beautiful.
UNIT 14: THE WORLD CUP
1. Will and going to:
Usage of will and be going to:
_ Expressing future time and often have essentially the same meaning. Will is also
used to make predictions or offers.
Ex:
I will pass the next exam.
UNIT 15: CITIES
1. Non-defining and defining relative clauses:
Non-defining relative clauses:
Ex: I saw the girl. She helped us last week.
 I saw the girl, who helped us last week.
Defining relative clauses:
Ex: My father is a doctor. He is fifty years old.
 My father, who is fifty years old, is a doctor.
2. Although to connect contrasting ideas:
Form:
Although
Even though
Though + S + V, S + V
In spite of the fact that
Despite the fact that
Use: Showing constrasted ideas.
Ex:
Although she is sick, she still goes to school.
UNIT 16: HISTORIAL PLACES
1. Comparatives and superlatives:
Comparatives:
Form:
Short Adjective/Adverb: S + be/V + adj/adv + er + than
Long Adjective/Adverb: S + be/V + more + adj/adv + than
Ex:
She is shorter than me.
He is more humorous than me.
Superlatives:
Form:
Short Adjective/Adverb: S + be/V + adj/adv + est
Long Adjective/Adverb: S + the + most + adj/adv
Ex:
She is the best student in this class.
She is the most honest person that I have ever met.