Mekanika Tanah I

III
 REFERENSI

✘
 7.

Mekanika Tanah I
 SEEPAGE

✘
 LAPLACE’S EQUATION OF CONTINUITY

𝜕𝑣𝑥 𝜕𝑣𝑧
✘ + =0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑧
𝜕2 ℎ 𝜕2 ℎ
✘ 𝑣 =𝑘∙𝑖 𝑘𝑥 ∙ 2 + 𝑘𝑍 ∙ 2 =0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑧
𝜕2 ℎ 𝜕2 ℎ
✘ + 2=0
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑧
 FLOW NET

✘
 FLOW NET

✘ 90°
✘
 FLOW NET

✘
✘
○

○
90°
○

○
90°
FLOW NET
 SEEPAGE CALCULATION FROM FLOW NET

⇔ ∆𝑞1 = ∆𝑞2 = ∆𝑞3 = ⋯ = ∆𝑞

ℎ1 −ℎ2 ℎ2 −ℎ3
⇔ ∆𝑞 = 𝑘 𝑙1 = 𝑘 𝑙2 = ⋯
𝑙1 𝑙2
𝐻
⇔ ℎ1 − ℎ2 = ℎ2 − ℎ3 = ⋯=
𝑁𝑑
𝐻 𝐻∙𝑁𝑓
⇔ ∆𝑞 = 𝑘 ⇔ 𝑞=𝑘∙
𝑁𝑑 𝑁𝑑
 SEEPAGE CALCULATION FROM FLOW NET

⇔ ∆𝑞1 = ∆𝑞2 = ∆𝑞3 = ⋯ = ∆𝑞

ℎ1 −ℎ2 ℎ2 −ℎ3
⇔ ∆𝑞 = 𝑘 𝑏1 = 𝑘 𝑏2 = ⋯
𝑙1 𝑙2
𝐻 𝑏1 𝑏2
⇔ ℎ1 − ℎ2 = ℎ2 − ℎ3 = ⋯= = =⋯=𝑛
𝑁𝑑 𝑙1 𝑙2
𝑛 𝑁𝑓
⇔ ∆𝑞 = 𝑘𝐻 ⇔ 𝑞 =𝑘∙𝐻∙ ∙𝑛
𝑁𝑑 𝑁𝑑
 SEEPAGE CALCULATION FROM FLOW NET

𝐻 𝐻 2𝑘𝐻
⇔ ∆𝑞𝑐ℎ 1 + ∆𝑞𝑐ℎ 2 = 𝑘 +𝑘 =
𝑁𝑑 𝑁𝑑 𝑁𝑑
𝐻 𝐻
⇔ ∆𝑞𝑐ℎ 3 = 𝑘 ∙ 𝑛 = 0,38 ∙ 𝑘
𝑁𝑑 𝑁𝑑
𝐻
⇔ 𝑞 = ∆𝑞𝑐ℎ 1 + ∆𝑞𝑐ℎ 2 + ∆𝑞𝑐ℎ 3 = 2,38 ∙ 𝑘
𝑁𝑑
CONTOH SOAL
CONTOH SOAL
FLOW NET IN ANISOTROPIC SOIL

✘
○
○
= 𝑘𝑧 𝑘𝑥 ×

○
✘

𝐻 ∙ 𝑁𝑓
𝑞= 𝑘𝑧 ∙ 𝑘𝑥 ∙
𝑁𝑑
CONTOH SOAL
CONTOH SOAL
UPLIFT PRESSURE UNDER STRUCTURE
✘

✘
𝑁𝑑
=7𝑚
✘
= ∆ℎ =
𝐻 𝑁𝑑 = 7 7 = 1 𝑚
✘
= 𝐻 − 𝑧𝑒 − ∆ℎ 𝑧𝑒 =
✘ 𝑢
= 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 ∙ 𝛾𝑤
⇒ 𝑢𝑎 = 7− −2 − 1 × 𝛾𝑤 = 8𝛾𝑤
⇒ 𝑢𝑏 = 7− −2 − 2 ∙ 1 × 𝛾𝑤 = 7𝛾𝑤
⇒ 𝑢𝑓 = 7− −2 − 6 ∙ 1 × 𝛾𝑤 = 3𝛾𝑤
 SEEPAGE THROUGH AN EARTH DAM

✘ 𝑞 = 𝑘 ∙ 𝐿 ∙ tan 𝛼 ∙ sin 𝛼

𝑑 𝑑2 𝐻2
𝐿= − −
cos 𝛼 cos2 𝛼 sin2 𝛼
CONTOH SOAL
 FILTER DESIGN

✘
 FILTER DESIGN

✘
 FILTER DESIGN

✘
𝐷15(𝐹)
○ ≤4~5
𝐷85(𝑆)

𝐷15(𝐹)
○ ≥4~5
𝐷15(𝑆)
 8.

Mekanika Tanah I
 IN SITU STRESSES

✘
STRESSES IN SATURATED SOIL WITHOUT SEEPAGE

✘
𝜎 = 𝐻 ∙ 𝛾𝑤 + 𝐻𝐴 − 𝐻 ∙ 𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡
✘

○
○

⇒ 𝜎 = 𝜎′ + 𝑢
✘ 𝑢 = 𝐻𝐴 ∙ 𝛾𝑤
⇒ 𝜎 ′ = 𝐻𝐴 − 𝐻 ∙ 𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 − 𝛾𝑤
⇒ 𝜎 ′ = 𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑔𝑖 𝑘𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑎ℎ ∙ 𝛾′
STRESSES IN SATURATED SOIL WITHOUT SEEPAGE
CONTOH SOAL
CONTOH SOAL
CONTOH SOAL
 STRESSES WITH UPWARD SEEPAGE

✘
𝑖 ∙ 𝑧 ∙ 𝛾𝑤
 STRESSES WITH UPWARD SEEPAGE

𝜎′ = 𝑧 ∙ 𝛾 ′ − 𝑖𝑐𝑟 ∙ 𝑧 ∙ 𝛾𝑤 = 0
𝑖𝑐𝑟 =
✘
✘

𝛾′
𝑖𝑐𝑟 =
𝛾𝑤
✘ 𝑖𝑐𝑟
CONTOH SOAL
CONTOH SOAL
CONTOH SOAL
 STRESSES WITH DOWNWARD SEEPAGE

✘
𝑖 ∙ 𝑧 ∙ 𝛾𝑤
SEEPAGE FORCE

✘
= 𝑖 ∙ 𝑧 ∙ 𝛾𝑤
⇒

= 𝑖 ∙ 𝑧 ∙ 𝛾𝑤 ∙ 𝐴
✘

=𝑧∙𝐴
⇒
= 𝑖 ∙ 𝛾𝑤
CONTOH SOAL
CONTOH SOAL
HEAVING IN SOIL DUE TO FLOW AROUND SHEET PILES

✘
𝐷 2 𝐷
HEAVING IN SOIL DUE TO FLOW AROUND SHEET PILES

✘
𝑊′
𝐹𝑆 =
𝑈
1
𝑊′ = ∙ 𝐷2 ∙ 𝛾′
2
1
𝑈 = ∙ 𝐷2 ∙ 𝑖𝑎𝑣 ∙ 𝛾𝑤
2
𝛾′
⇒ 𝐹𝑆 = 𝑖
𝑎𝑣 ∙𝛾𝑤
HEAVING IN SOIL DUE TO FLOW AROUND SHEET PILES

✘
𝐷 ∙ 𝛾′
𝐹𝑆 =
𝐶𝑜 ∙ 𝛾𝑤 ∙ 𝐻1 − 𝐻2
HEAVING IN SOIL DUE TO FLOW AROUND SHEET PILES

𝑖𝑐𝑟
𝐹𝑆 =
𝑖𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡
𝑖𝑐𝑟
𝑖𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡
𝛾′ 𝐺𝑠 −1
⇒ 𝑖𝑐𝑟 = 𝛾𝑤
= 1+𝑒

✘
HEAVING IN SOIL DUE TO FLOW AROUND SHEET PILES

∆ℎ 𝐻
𝑖𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡 = =
𝑙 𝑁𝑑 ∙ 𝑙

✘
𝑖𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡

𝐻
𝑖𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡 =𝐶∙
𝐵
CONTOH SOAL
CONTOH SOAL
CONTOH SOAL
CONTOH SOAL
CONTOH SOAL
EFFECTIVE STRESS IN THE MOIST SOIL

𝜎 ′ = 𝜎 − 𝑢𝑎 + 𝜒 ∙ 𝑢𝑎 − 𝑢𝑤
𝜒

✘ 𝜒
𝑆
 CAPILLARY RISE IN SOIL

✘
1
ℎ∝
𝑑
ℎ 𝑑
✘
EFFECTIVE STRESS IN THE ZONE OF CAPILLARY RISE

u = −𝛾𝑤 ∙ ℎ
ℎ

✘
𝑆
𝑢 = −𝛾𝑤 ∙ ℎ ∙
100
CONTOH SOAL
CONTOH SOAL
CONTOH SOAL
TUGAS 4
TUGAS 4
TUGAS 4
TUGAS 4
TUGAS 4