Aliran Transien – Solusi Persamaan

Difusivitas Real Domain

Basic Reservoir Engineering Course

September 13-14, 2006

Ringkasan Solusi Persamaan

Diffusivitas Dalam Laplace Domain

“Infinite acting”
1 K 0 ( u rD )
p D (rD , u ) = (cylindrical source solution) (1)
u u K1 ( u )
1
p D (rD , u ) = K 0 ( u rD ) (line source solution) (2)
u
1 ⎛ 4 1 1⎞
p D (rD , u ) = ln⎜ 2γ 2 ⎟ (log approximation) (3)
u ⎜⎝ e rD u ⎟⎠

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Ringkasan Solusi Persamaan
Diffusivitas Dalam Laplace Domain

“No flow outer boundary”

(cylindrical source solution)

K1 ( u reD ) I 0 ( u rD ) + I1 ( u reD ) K 0 ( u rD )
p D (rD , u ) =
[
u u K1 ( u ) I1 ( u reD ) − u I1 ( u ) K1 ( u reD ) ] (4)

(line source solution)

p D (rD , u ) =
1
( u rD +) (
1 K1 u reD ) ( ) (5)
u
K0
(
u I1 u reD )
I0 u rD

Ringkasan Solusi Persamaan

Diffusivitas Dalam Laplace Domain

“Constant pressure outer boundary”

(cylindrical source solution)

I 0 ( u reD ) K 0 ( u rD ) − K 0 ( u reD ) I 0 ( u rD )
p D (rD , u ) =
[
u u K1 ( u ) I 0 ( u reD ) + u I1 ( u ) K 0 ( u reD ) ] (6)

(line source solution)

1
p D (rD , u ) = K 0 u rD − (
1 K 0 u reD
) ( ) ( ) (7)
u u I 0 u reD
I0
( ) u rD

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Solusi Untuk Infinite Acting Reservoir

(cylindrical source solution)

2 [1 − exp(− u t )][J (u)Y (ur ) − Y (u) J

∞ 2
0 (urD ) ] du
p D (rD , t D ) = ∫ u [J (u ) + Y (u ) ]
(8)
D 1 0 D 1
π 0
2 2
1 1
2

2 [1 − exp(− u t )]
∞ 2
p D (rD = 1, t D )= ∫ u [J (u ) + Y (u )] du (9)
D
π 2
0
2 2
1 1
2

(line source solution)

1 ⎛ r2 ⎞
p D (rD , t D ) = E1 ⎜ D ⎟ (10)
2 ⎜⎝ 4t D ⎟
⎠
∂ ⎛ r2 ⎞
[ p D (rD , t D )] = 1 exp⎜ − D
⎜ 4t D
⎟
⎟ (11)
∂t D 2t D ⎝ ⎠
∂ ⎛ 2 ⎞
tD [ p D (rD , t D )] = p ′D (rD , t D ) = 1 exp⎜⎜ − rD ⎟
⎟ (12)
∂t D 2 ⎝ 4t D ⎠

Solusi Untuk Infinite Acting Reservoir

(log approximation solution)

1 ⎛⎜ 4 1 ⎞
p D (rD , t D ) = ln γ 2 t D ⎟ (13)
⎜
2 ⎝ e rD ⎟⎠

1
p ′D (rD , t D ) = (14)
2
(γ = 0.577216… Euler’s constant)

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Solusi Untuk No-flow Outer Boundary
Reservoir

(line source solution)

1 ⎛⎜ rD2 ⎞ 2 ⎛ reD
2 ⎞
p D (rD , t D ) = E1 ⎟+ t exp ⎜− ⎟
2 ⎜⎝ 4t D ⎟ r2 ⎜ 4t D ⎟
D
⎠ eD ⎝ ⎠
1 ⎛⎜ reD
2 ⎞ ⎛ rD2
⎟+⎜ 1 ⎞⎟ ⎛ reD
⎜−
2 ⎞
⎟
− E1 − exp (15)
2 ⎜⎝ 4t D ⎟ ⎜ 2r 2
⎠ ⎝ eD 4 ⎠
⎟ ⎜ 4t D
⎝
⎟
⎠

1 ⎛ r2 ⎞ 2 ⎛ reD
2 ⎞
p ′D (rD , t D ) = exp⎜ − D ⎟+ t exp⎜− ⎟
2t D ⎜ 4t D ⎟ r2 D ⎜ 4t D ⎟
⎝ ⎠ eD ⎝ ⎠
2 ⎞
⎛ rD2 reD ⎛ 2 ⎞
+
1 ⎜ − ⎟ exp⎜ − reD ⎟ (16)
2t D ⎜ 4 8 ⎠⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎝ 4t D ⎠

Solusi Untuk Constant Pressure Outer

Boundary Reservoir

(line source solution)

1 ⎛⎜ rD2 ⎞ 1 ⎛ reD ⎞
( ⎛ r2
) ⎞
2
p D (rD , t D ) = E1 ⎟ − E1 ⎜ ⎟ + 1 reD
2
− rD2 exp⎜ − eD ⎟ (17)
2 ⎜⎝ 4t D ⎟ 2 ⎜ 4t D
⎠ ⎝
⎟ 8t D
⎠
⎜ 4t D
⎝
⎟
⎠

⎛ r2 ⎞ 1 ⎛ 2 ⎞
p ′D (rD , t D ) =
1
exp⎜ − D ⎟ − exp⎜ − reD ⎟
2 ⎜ 4t D ⎟ 2 ⎜ 4t D ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

+
(r2
eD − rD2 ) ⎡⎢ r2
eD
⎤ ⎛ r2
− 1⎥ exp⎜ − eD
⎞
⎟ (18)
8t D ⎢⎣ 4t D ⎥⎦ ⎜ 4t D ⎟
⎝ ⎠

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Ringkasan

Perhitungan Beberapa Fungsi Penting

Fungsi Exponential Integral, E1(x)
E1 ( x) + ln( x) = a0 + a1 x + a 2 x 2 + a3 x 3 + a4 x 4 + a5 x 5 + ε ( x) 0≤x≤1
a 0 = −0.57721566 a3 = 0.05519968
a1 = 0.99999193 a 4 = −0.00976004
a 2 = −0.24991055 a5 = 0.00107857
ε ( x) < 2 × 10 −7
x 4 + a1 x 3 + a 2 x 2 + a3 x + a 4
xe x E1 ( x ) = 1≤x≤∞
x 4 + b1 x 3 + b2 x 2 + b3 x + b4
a1 = 8.5733287401 b1 = 9.5733223454
a 2 = 18.0580969730 b2 = 25.6329561486
a3 = 8.6347608925 b3 = 21.0996530827
a 4 = 0.2677737343 b4 = 3.9584969228
ε ( x) < 2 × 10 −8

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Perhitungan Beberapa Fungsi Penting
Modified Bessel Function First Kind Zero Order, I0(x)
I 0 ( x) = 1 + a1t 2 + a 2t 4 + a3t 6 + a4 t 8 + a5t 10 + a6t 12 + ε -3.75 ≤ x ≤ 3.75
a1 = 3.5156229 a 4 = 0.2659732
a 2 = 3.0899424 a5 = 0.0360768
a3 = 1.2067492 a 6 = 0.0045813
t = x / 3.75 ε < 1.6 × 10 −7

x e − x I 0 ( x) = a0 + a1t −1 + a 2 t −2 − a3t −3 + a 4 t −4 − a5 t −5
3.75 ≤ x ≤ ∞
+ a 6 t −6 − a 7 t −7 + a8 t −8 + ε
a 0 = 0.39894228 a3 = 0.00157565 a 6 = 0.02635537
a1 = 0.01328592 a 4 = 0.00916281 a 7 = 0.01647633
a 2 = 0.00225319 a5 = 0.02057706 a8 = 0.00392377
t = x / 3.75 ε < 1.9 × 10 −7

Perhitungan Beberapa Fungsi Penting

Modified Bessel Function First Kind First Order, I1(x)
x −1 I1 ( x) = 12 + a1t 2 + a 2t 4 + a3t 6 + a 4t 8 + a5t 10 + a6t 12 + ε
-3.75 ≤ x ≤ 3.75
a1 = 0.87890594 a 4 = 0.02658733
a 2 = 0.51498869 a5 = 0.00301532
a3 = 0.15084934 a 6 = 0.00032411
t = x / 3.75 ε < 8 × 10 −9

x e − x I1 ( x) = a 0 − a1t −1 − a 2 t −2 + a3t −3 − a 4 t −4 + a5t −5

3.75 ≤ x ≤ ∞
− a 6 t −6 + a7 t −7 − a8 t −8 + ε
a 0 = 0.39894228 a3 = 0.00163801 a6 = 0.02895312
a1 = 0.03988024 a 4 = 0.01031555 a 7 = 0.01787654
a 2 = 0.00362018 a5 = 0.02282967 a8 = 0.00420059
−7
t = x / 3.75 ε < 2.2 × 10

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Perhitungan Beberapa Fungsi Penting
Modified Bessel Function Second Kind Zero Order, K0(x)
K 0 ( x) = − ln(t ) I 0 ( x) − a0 + a1t 2 + a 2t 4 + a3t 6 0<x≤2
+ a 4t 8 + a5t 10 + a6t 12 + ε

a 0 = 0.57721566 a 2 = 0.23069756 a 4 = 0.00262698 a 6 = 0.00000740

a1 = 0.42278420 a3 = 0.03488590 a5 = 0.00010750
−8
t = x/2 ε < 1 × 10

xe x K 0 ( x) = a0 − a1t −1 + a 2 t −2 − a3t −3 + a 4 t −4 − a5 t −5 2≤x≤∞

−6
+ a6t +ε
a 0 = 1.25331414 a 2 = 0.02189568 a 4 = 0.00587872 a6 = 0.00053208
a1 = 0.0783358 a3 = 0.01062446 a5 = 0.00251540

t = x/2 ε < 1.9 × 10 −7

Perhitungan Beberapa Fungsi Penting

Modified Bessel Function Second Kind First Order, K1(x)
xK1 ( x) = x ln(t ) I1 ( x) + a0 + a1t 2 − a2 t 4 − a3t 6 0<x≤2
− a 4 t − a5 t
8 10
− a6 t 12
+ε
a0 = 1 a 2 = 0.67278579 a 4 = 0.01919402 a 6 = 0.00004686
a1 = 0.15443144 a3 = 0.18156897 a5 = 0.00110404
t = x/2 ε < 8 × 10 −9

xe x K1 ( x) = a0 + a1t −1 − a 2 t −2 + a3t −3 − a 4 t −4 + a5 t −5 2≤x≤∞

−6
− a6t +ε
a 0 = 1.25331414 a 2 = 0.03655620 a 4 = 0.00780353 a 6 = 0.00068245
a1 = 0.23498619 a3 = 0.01504268 a5 = 0.00325614
t = x/2 ε < 2.2 × 10 −7

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