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0 INPUT PARAMETERS:
1.1 General Project Data:
System operating frequency, f = 50.0 Hz
3-phase initial symmetrical short-circuit current (rms), I" k3 = 40.0 kA
Duration of the first current flow, T k1 = 0.3 sec
Nature of conductor installation (Strained or Slack) = Strained ; Let insulator length (m) = 5.500
Centre-line distance between supports, l = 99.500 m No. Insul. = 2
Cord length of main conductor in the span, l c = 88.500 m
Mean centre-line distance between conductors, a = 6.800 m
Number of subconductors of a main conductor, n = 2
Resultant spring constant of both span supports, S = 500,000 N/m
Lowest value of bending stress (σ) when Young's
= 5.00E+07 N/m 2
Modulus (E) becomes Constant, σ fin
Conventional value of acceleration due to gravity, g n = 9.80700 m/sec2
Magnetic constant permeability of vacuum, µ o = 4π x 10
-7
( 1.2566E-06 )
2.5 Periods T of the conductor oscillations without current flow in the conductor, T
0.4*T [sec]
At minimum local temperature = 2.985 sec 1.1940
At maximum operating temperature = 3.337 sec 1.3348
2.6 Resulting periods of the conductor oscillations during short-circuit current flow, T res
= 1.452E+07 1.162E+07
2 2
[N/m ] [N/m ]
Factor chi,
χ δm
At minimum local temperature 0.932 26.549
At maximum operating temperature 0.945 23.808
3.1.2 Factor, ψ
Dependent on φ & ξ
3.2 Tensile Force, Ff, After Short-Circuit caused by Drop (Drop Force):
r > 0.6 ; Tensile force after short-circuit is significant,
At minimum local temperature, δm = 27 < 70 ; Tensile Force Insignificant
At maximum operating temperature, δm = 24 < 70 ; Tensile Force Insignificant
Form factor: Allows for possible increase in dynamic sag due to change in shape of conductor curve:
= 1.05000
=
=
Strained conductor:
Minimum distance between phase conductors under short circuit conditions, a min:
𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛 = (a - 2 𝑏ℎ ) = 4.038 m [ At minimum local temperature ]
= 3.714 m [ At maximum operating temperature ]
(as / ds) > 2.0 and ls = 4.214 m < 50 as = 20.000 m : Non-effective clash
(as / ds) > 2.5 and ls = 4.214 m < 70 as = 28.000 m : Non-effective clash
Factor ν2 from Annex A.6 - Figure 8 is given as a function of ν1 whose value is given by;
Factor, = 3.38170
Factor,
k= 1.863359
−3
𝜏= = 0.063594 sec
𝑘 − 1.02
2𝜋𝑓 ⋅ ln
0 ⋅ 98
𝛾 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 tan 2𝜋𝑓𝜏 = 1.520785 radians
𝜈1
𝑓 ⋅ 𝑇𝑝𝐼ሶ = = 2.426815 [ Tpi = 0.0485363 sec ]
𝜈2
Therefore factor, ν 2 = 1.941574 f.Tpi - (ν1 / √ν2) = -0.000118
= 0.225672
Note: Sub-conductors reduce their distance but do NOT clash both at min. local and max. operating temperatures
Factor,
Therefore factor, ν e =
=
=
=
Factor, ν4 = η { [as - ds] / [as - η (as - ds)] } = 0.41786 [ At minimum local temperature ]
Factor, ν4 = = 0.47805 [ At maximum operating temperature ]
Factor characterising bundle contraction, f η = (as ν3) / asw = 0.28405 [ At minimum local temperature ]
fη = 0.29184 [ At maximum operating temperature ]
Results Summary
Tensil Forces (kN) Required distances [m]
Description of Condition Due to Swing Drop Force, Due to Pinch Min. air Horizontal
Out Ft Ff Effect, Fpi clear., amin displ., bh
At minimum local temeperature 27.957 0.000 49.950 4.038 1.381
At maximum operating temperature 22.062 0.000 46.959 3.714 1.543
Maximum values 27.957 0.000 49.950 4.038 1.543
4.0 Design load for Insulators, their Supports and Connectors (clause 2.4.1) - Slack:
Rating Force for Flexible Conductor Connectors = Maximum value of (1.5 Ft), (1.0 Ff) and (1.0 Fpi)
= 49.950 kN
Design load Structures, Insulators and Connectors with tensile forces transmitted by insulator chains
4.1
(clause 2.4.2) - Strained:
Rating Force for Flexible Conductor Connectors = Maximum value of (1.0 Ft), (1.0 Ff) and (1.0 Fpi)
= 49.950 kN
NB: Applied as a Static Load