TASK 1

MINING COMPANY

task subjects
ENGLISH ENGINEERING 1
Lecturers: Herlina S.pd, M.Pd

Arranged by:

Syukron MAHARESTU (2016310010)

MINING ENGINEERING STUDY PROGRAM D3

EDUCATION FOUNDATION PRABUMULIH
2019

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 PART I
PRELIMINARY

A. Background

Mining can be identified as any activity carried out by taking and take advantage of

all the minerals of the earth that has economic value and its activities started from the

investigation excavated materials until marketing of minerals. Besides mining can

also be interpreted with some or all stages of activities in the framework of research,

management and exploitation of mineral or coal include general investigation,

exploration, feasibility, construction, mining, processing and refining, transportation

and sales, and post-mining activities Salim ( 2005: 1). Indonesia is an archipelago

country and is known as one of the countries in the world that are rich sources of

minerals (mining). The excavated materials, including gold, silver, copper, oil and

gas, coal, iron ore, and others. Tenure provides the state authority to regulate,

manage and supervise the management of excavated material, and contains an

obligation to use for the greater prosperity of the people.

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 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

Environmental Issues in Development of Energy, Mining

Environmental issues in the development of mining land can be described in various

ways. The following is the environmental issue in the development of mining areas:

1. According to the type produced in Indonesia, there are, among others, oil and
gas, metals minerals among others such as tin, gold, nickel, copper, manganese,
mercury, iron, sulfur, etc. and organic materials such as coal, precious stones
such as diamonds, and others.
2. Development and management of mining need to be harmonized with the field of
energy and fuel as well as the processing of the region, accompanied by an
increase in thorough oversight.
3. The development and utilization of energy need to be wise either for export or use
of their own in the country as well as the ability to strategically energy supply in
the long term. Because the main source of petroleum energy consumption usage
continues to increase, while the number of short supply. Hence the need for the
development of other energy sources such as coal, hydropower, water power,
geothermal power, solar power, nuclear power, and so on.
4. Pollution of the environment as a result of mining management is generally
caused by chemical factors, physical factors, biological factors. This
environmental pollution is usually more than the outside of mining. The state of
the soil, water and local air in the mine has pengarhu the interrelationship with
their environment. For instance, environmental pollution by CO is strongly
influenced by the diversity of the air, contamination by heat stress depends on the
ambient temperature, humidity and air flow area.

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How to Manage Mining Development

Earth resources in the mining sector should be developed as much as possible to

achieve development. Hence the need for an integrated survey and evaluation of

experts in order to generate large profits with little loss both economically and

ecologically. The use of ecological protection in mining development is necessary in

order to improve the quality of previous mining and to take into account the effect of

mineral development activities on natural resources and the wider environment.

All secondary influence on ecosystems both locally and more broadly need to be

considered in the planning process of mining, and sedapatnya evaluation so that any

damage due to mining development can be avoided or reduced, for the protection of

ecosystems is easier than fixing it. In the utilization of mining resources that can be

replaced planning, processing and use should be carefully as efficiently as possible.

Should keep in mind that future generations should still be able to enjoy the fruits of

this mining development.

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Accidents in Mining

No matter how small the activities which can lead to accidents should be minimized.
Other hazards that must be controlled to prevent accidents, namely:
1. Danger on the equipment:
2. a) is not appropriate and does not qualify
3. b) unsafe
4. c) not covered not protected.

2. Environmental hazards:
3. a) muddy, slippery
4. b) less illumination
5. c) dusty, containing toxic gases,
6. d) instability of rock layers (landslides, collapse of the bench or berm),

3. Danger of workers:
4. a) do not wear PPE (personal protective equipment)
5. b) do not pay attention to the instructions
6. c) no matter K3.

4. Fire hazard:
5. a) coal swabakar process,
6. b) coal dust explosion,
7. c) explosion of methane gas,
8. d) the explosion of coal dust and methane gas,
9. e) short circuit current (koursleting).

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Mining Environmental Health, Pollution and Diseases Possible

Efforts are being made by various methods such as the amelioration, the use of organic
materials, the use of microorganisms, and planting covercrop.
1. Amelioration / land remediation
Efforts to provide input in the form of lime or organic materials onto the surface of the
land or into the planting hole with the aim to improve sifatfisika, chemical and
biological soil. Amelioration It has the following benefits:
1. a) Increase the pH of the soil so mendekatinetral
2. b) Adding elements of Ca and Mg
3. c) Increase the availability of nutrients, contohN, P
4. d) Reducing the toxicity of Al, Fe and Mn
5. e) Improving the life of microorganisms.

2. Use of Organic Materials

The organic material is a diverse collection of complex organic compounds that are or
have been undergoing a process of decomposition, either in the form of humus
results humification and inorganic compounds and the results of mineralization
including heterotrophic microbial and ototrofik involved and are therein. The use of
organic materials have the following benefits:
1. a) Stimulation of the soil granulation,
2. b) Improving the soil structure to be crumbs,
3. c) Improve the soil to hold water so that drainage is not excessive, moisture and
soil temperature becomes stable,
4. d) Neutralize the destructive force of a grain of rain,
5. e) Inhibiting erosion.

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 3. Cover Crop Planting
Legume cover crop / Cover Crop is any annual plants, biennial, or perennial grown as a
monoculture (one crop grown together) or poly (some types of plants grow together),
to improve conditions associated with sustainable agriculture. Use of Cover Crop has
the following benefits:
1. a) Managing soil fertility
2. b) Improving the quality of the soil
3. c) Improving water quality

4. utilization of Microorganisms
Fungi are one of the microorganisms that generally dominate (live) in the soil ecosystem.
These microorganisms are characterized by mycelium have a certain type of thread
composed of individual hyphae. Currently, some types of fungi have been used to
restore the quality / soil fertility. This is because generally the fungus is able to
decompose organic matter and help the process of mineralization in the soil, so that
the minerals are released to be taken up by plants.
Mining can cause serious accidents such as fires, explosions, or passageways dug
collapsed which can have an impact on people who live in the surrounding
communities tambang.Dampak and health-threatening danger was also felt in place -
the former ever mined areas, because people can be exposed to mine waste and
chemicals that linger in the soil and in air.Pertambangan threaten health in various
ways:
1. Dust, chemical spills, fumes are toxic, heavy metals and radiation can poison
miners and cause health problems throughout their lives. Lung damage caused
by rock and mineral dust is a health problem that is commonly found. The most
dangerous dust comes from coal, which causes black lung disease (black lung
diseases) .In addition of silica dust causes silicosis (silicosis) The symptoms of
lung damage. Dust from mining can make it difficult bernapas.Jumlah much dust
that causes the lungs fill with fluid and membengkak.Tanda signs of lung
damage caused by exposure to dust, among others:
2. a) short of breath, coughing, breathing sigh
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3. b) coughing yellow or green sputum (mucus from the lungs)
4. c) sore throat
5. d) bluish skin near the ear or lip
6. e) chest pain
7. f) there is no appetite
8. g) fatigue
9. Lifting heavy equipment and worked with awkward body positions can cause
injuries to the hands, legs, and back.
10. Use of the rock drill and machine vibration can cause damage to nerves and
blood circulation, and can cause loss of flavor, then if there is a very dangerous
infections such as gangrene, can lead to death.
11. A loud noise and the constant of the equipment can cause hearing problems,
including loss of hearing.
12. Long working hours in the basement with a dim light can damage eyesight.
13. Working in sweltering conditions without drinking enough water can cause stress
kepanasan.Gejala symptoms of heat stress such as dizziness, weakness and
rapid heartbeat, thirst greatly, and fainted.
14. Water pollution and excessive use of water resources can lead to many health
problems
15. Land and soil become damaged, causing food shortages and hunger
16. Air pollution from power plants and smelting plants were built close to the mining
area can cause serious diseases

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 CHAPTER 3
COVER

Conclusion

Mining activities bring harm to the aquatic environment due to the use of heavy metal
compounds of mercury (Hg). Mercury can accumulate in the body of organisms that
live in water and toxic or lethal at certain concentrations. Besides pollution of marine
environment due to mining activities significantly affect fishing economy. Mercury that
pollute waters and potentially degrade the quality of water productivity, thereby
reducing the catch. Solutions to address the impact of water pollution by mining
activities are divided in terms of ecology and economy. From the ecological form of
construction of dams and Waste Processing Installation (IPAL). In terms of the
economy, especially for fishermen, can be done by applying substitutive survival
strategy.