BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY

Dinalupihan Campus

COURSE CODE : (EDUC 116)

COURSE TITLE : GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING

LECTURE 1

Definition of Guidance:
1. To “guide” means to point out, to show the way or to direct.
2. But guidance is more than guiding and giving directions.
3. I tis an assistance made available by personally qualified and adequately trained men
or women to an individual of any age to help him manage his own life activities,
develop his own point of view, make his own decisions and carry his own burden.

Definition of Guidance according to:

SHIERLY HAMRIN (1950) guidance is helping John to see through himself, in order that
he may see himself through

DOWNING (1968), Guidance is an organized set of specialized services established as an

integral part of the school environment designed to promote the development of the students.

Shertzer, Bruce and Houghton Mifflin (1976), guidance is:

 a continuous process of helping individuals to understand themselves and
their world.
 It is a continuous process and cannot be handled in a few short sessions.
 It involves a series of actions or steps progressing towards a goal.
 Guidance is needed from birth to death.
 Guidance is considered here as an assistance given to individuals that occur
during their development.

CHRISHOLM (1951) believes that guidance seeks to help an individual become familiar
with facts about himself, his interests, abilities, previous development and plans.

JONES (1965) guidance involves personal help given by someone.

TRAXLER (1954) guidance enables each individual to understand his abilities and his
interests.

THE NEED FOR GUIDANCE

1. New Interpretations of our way of life have resulted in changes.
2. The climatic conditions growing out of world unrest affect practically every phase of
human experience.
a. Rapid Technological advances, an increasingly complex society, new concepts
 b. of government and its role in the lives of the people, the need for outstanding
leadership talents, a shift in the standard of morality and integrity, and a
condition of unusual demands upon the young people, all contribute to the
need for guidance.
3. Specific conditions within the educational setting contribute to the need for guidance
The following are some of the conditions:
 The teacher’s major responsibility is instruction.
 The concept of individual differences is critical in education.
 Problems occur as concomitants to growth and development.
 Children are oftentimes emotional.

BASES OF GUIDANCE

Legal Bases of Guidance in the Philippines

The legal foundation of guidance in the Philippines has its own beginning in 1951
when the Joint Congressional Committee on Education, in its report to Congress, stated that:

“There should be established in every secondary school a functional guidance and

counseling program to help the students, to guide them in their work in school and at home
and to help them solve their problems.”

To give more impact on the role of guidance in the Philippine educationa system,
Section 4 of Batas Pambansa Blg.232 or the Education Act of 1982 states that the educational
system shall aim to:

“ provide for a broad general education that will assist each individual, in the peculiar
ecology of his own society, to : a.) attain his potentials as a human being; b.) enhance the
range and quality of individual and group participation in the basic functions of the society;
c.) acquire the essential educational foundation of his development into a productive and
versatile citizen.”

BASES OF PRESENT GUIDANCE APPROACH

Changes in the approach of our present guidance programs are brought about by the
following factors:

1. Psuedo-scientific approaches. This kind of approach has different forms as follows:

1.1 Numerology- It is the study of the occult significance of numbers. Many of our
people still believes in the effect of numbers in their life.
1.2 ASTROLOGY – It is he divination of the supposed influences of the stars and
planets on human affairs and terrestrial events by their positions and aspects. The
most common instruments used by the astrologers is the horoscope.
1.3 GRAPHOLOGY – It is the study of handwriting especially for the purpose of
character analysis.
 1.4 PALMISTRY – The art or practice of reading a person’s character or future from
the lines on the palms.
1.5 PHRENOLOGY – The study of the conformation of the skull as indicative of
mental faculties and character traits.
1.6 PHYSIOGNOMY – It is the art of discovering temperament, personality trait and
character from outward appearance.
1.7 SPIRITUALISM – a belief that spirits pf the dead communicate with the living
usually through a medium.
2. Changing concepts of psychology. Guidance is an outgrowth of various movements
dealing with patterns of human life.
3. Industrial and scientific progress.
4. Changing educational objectives.
5. Increase in school population.

Prepared by:

MS. MA.FATIMA BAINO BACALA MaEd.