FAQ  09/2016

Influence of HF Interferences
on Characteristic Values and
Envelope Curves
SIPLUS CMS1200 SM 1281, SIPLUS CMS2000

https://support.industry.siemens.com/cs/ww/en/view/109740814
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Table of content
1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 3
2 Solution............................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Vibration acceleration spectrum ........................................................... 5
2.2 Analyzed frequency range.................................................................... 6
2.3 Influences on the characteristic value analysis .................................... 7
2.4 Influences on the envelope curve analysis .......................................... 8

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 1 Introduction

1 Introduction
In practice it is possible, that there are misinterpretations at the analysis of
characteristic values and envelope curves of bearings.
This means in the worst case, that a well working bearing is displayed as
damaged.
One of the possible reasons is the converter caused HF-interference at the
vibration acceleration spectrum.
But from where does it actually come from?

Figure 1-1
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 The principle of a pulse width modulating inverter is, to create a amplitude- and
frequency-variable three-phase system out of the constant intermediate circuit
voltage by switching each output phase alternately on positive or negative
intermediate circuit potential.
 The resulting losses should be minimized, so that the efficiency is as high as
possible.
 The power elements of modern converters are equipped with IGBTs. IGBTs
can be supplied with a higher frequency because of their lower switching
losses. IGBT converters of the current generation can provide nearly sinusoidal
motor currents at low additional losses and high runout quality of the motor
torque, because of the high frequencies. But these converters also carry
heavier load on the motor windings by higher switching overvoltage.

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 1 Introduction

Advantages of a high frequency

 Generation of a nearly sinusoidal motor current
 Lower noise generation
 Lower motor warming
 Higher dynamic control

Disadvantages of a high frequency

 Higher power dissipation of the converter
 Higher edge steepness of the voltage impulses, resulting higher and more
frequent load on the windings of the electric machine.
 Faster aging of IGBT and Winding, which limits the life span
 Lower frequencies treat the windings gently and generate lower losses and
warming, but do not induce a good sinusoidal shape.

The solution
Some converters create a good current form at lower frequencies, because of their
special modulating methods. The result is a perfect current form performance as
well as a gentle treatment of the winding system of the electric machine. So they
treat the windings gently, increase the life span and are energy-efficient.
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The solution problem

The windings of the electric machine are remagnetized with the clock frequency,
which means there are current forces fed into the winding. As a result measurable
high-frequency mechanical vibrations are generated. Often a further result is the
occurrence of disturbing noises of the converter.
Now, for the bearing monitoring an analyzed frequency range is important. SIPLUS
CMS2000 as well as SIPLUS CMS1200 SM 1281 monitor the acceleration values
within the range from 1 kHz to 10 kHz with the following analysis (global
characteristic value, analytical procedure envelope curve analysis). If the frequency
of the converter lies within the frequency range, the magnetically induced case
vibration is visible at the vibration acceleration spectrum.
In the case, a bearing monitoring by means of characteristic values is NO
LONGER possible. Further this effect is clearly visible in the envelope curve
spectrum.

The solution for this problem is described in the following.

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 2 Solution

2 Solution
1. A converter caused HF-influence needs to be checked by reviewing the
vibration acceleration spectrum.
2. If an influence is visible:
a. Deactivate the characteristic value based monitoring
b. Calculate the envelope curve and fade in the damage cursors
c. Identify similarities that can lead to misinterpretations
d. Delete the identified damage types and their order at the limit band of the
envelope curve.

NOTICE Wiring of the drive and measuring system according to the EMC directive is a
prerequisite.

NOTICE This proceeding is only applicable for SIPILUS CMS2000 and SIPLUS CMS1200
SM 1281.
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2.1 Vibration acceleration spectrum

The following figures show the vibration acceleration spectrum without and with
converter influence.

Figure 2-1 Vibration acceleration spectrum without influences

Figure 2-2 Vibration acceleration spectrum with converter influence (frequency = 12 kHz)

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 2 Solution

2.2 Analyzed frequency range

Figure 2-3 shows the vibration acceleration spectrum with converter influence with
the following parameters:
 Frequency = 12 kHz
 High-pass filter: 1 kHz
 Low-pass filter: 10 kHz

Figure 2-3

No periodic excitation in case of converter influence in the frequency range of the

vibration acceleration spectrum is recognizable.
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Figure 2-4 shows the vibration acceleration spectrum with converter influence and
filters with the following parameters:
 Frequency = 2 kHz
 High-pass filter: 1 kHz
 Low-pass filter: 10 kHz

Figure 2-4

The periodic excitation in case of converter influence in the frequency range of the
vibration acceleration spectrum is recognizable.

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 2 Solution

2.3 Influences on the characteristic value analysis

Depending on the converter functioning, the frequency and its multiples are visible
in the acceleration spectrum.
The amplitudes are extremely fluctuating and cover significantly the lower-energy
bearing vibrations.
RMS and peak of the vibration acceleration are increased although there is NO
mechanical damage.

Figure 2-5
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Figure 2-6

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 2 Solution

CMS2000:
The product aRMS(t)*apeak(t) becomes very high and is no longer constant.
SIPLUS CMS1200 SM 1281:
The effective (RMS) value of vibration acceleration aRMS increases.

 Thus a monitoring of the bearings by means of characteristic value procedures

(DKW/aRMS) is no longer valid.

2.4 Influences on the envelope curve analysis

Depending on the converter functioning, the frequency and its multiples are visible
in the acceleration spectrum (here at 2, 4, 6 and 8 kHz).

Figure 2-7
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The frequency typically modulates with an integral multiple of the electrical stator
frequency. This modulation of the frequency is visible in the acceleration spectrum.

Figure 2-8

Thereby they generate corresponding peaks in the envelope curve analysis with
the distance of ∆f (in this case ∆f is equal to the actual speed).

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 2 Solution

There confusions with the individual fault frequencies and their harmonics can
apply.
Figure 2-9

Figure 2-10 Envelope curve spectrum recorded under HF-influence of the converter clock
and undamaged bearing
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Figure 2-11 Enlarged frequency range from 2 Hz to 200 Hz with superimposed bearing
damage frequencies

It is visible, that at the range from 100 Hz to 120 Hz, ther is obviously an overlap
between modulation of the converter clock and the bearing frequencies.
 Misinterpretation possible

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 2 Solution

Figure 2-12 Detailled overlap

nd
It is the outer race frequency 2 order.

nd
To remove the outer race frequency 2 order from the monitoring, delete the
corresponding line.
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Figure 2-13

Delete this line in the limit band

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