CONTENTS

Acknowledgement ii
Abstract iii
List of contents v
List of Figures ix
List of Tables xi
List of Abbreviations xii

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1-7

1.1 Introduction to embedded systems 1
1.1.1 Characteristics of embedded system 2
1.1.2 Applications of embedded system 2

1.2 Microcontroller versus Microprocessor 3

1.3 Microcontroller for embedded systems 3-4

1.4 Objective of the project 4-5

1.5 Aim of the project 6

1.6 Literature Survey 6-7

1.7 Thesis outline 7

CHAPTER 2: EXISTING AND PROPOSED METHODS 8-13

2.1 Existing methods 8

2.1.1 Solar based smart irrigation system 8-9

2.1.2 Arduino based smart irrigation system 10

2.1.3 Automatic irrigation system 11-12

2.2 Proposed methods 12-13

2.3 Block diagram 13

2.3.1 Block diagram description 14

CHAPTER 3: IMPLEMENTATION 15-24

 3.1 Working 15

3.2 Raspberry pi 15

3.2.1 Introduction 15-18

3.2.2 Controlling the GPIO pins with Python 18

3.2.3 Controlling the LED with the GPIO 18-19

3.2.4 Installing the PI NOIR camera model 19-20

3.2.5 Taking the first pictures and videos with the NOIR camera 20-21

3.3 Creating python script for taking pictures 21-22

3.4 Algorithm` 22-23

3.5 Flowchart 24

CHAPTER 4: HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION 25-41

4.1 Hardware description 25

4.1.1 Raspberry pi 3 25-27

4.1.2 Operating system 27-30

4.1.3 Humidity sensor 30-31

4.1.4 Ldr Sensor 31-33

4.1.5 MCP3008 (ADC ic) 33-34

4.1.6 Camera module 34-35

4.1.7 Sd Card 35-36

4.2 Software requirements 36

4.2.1 Python 36

4.2.1.1 Using the GPIO port in python 36

4.2.1.2 Installing the GPIO python library 37

4.2.2 Mqtt protocol 38-39

4.2.3 Linux-Language 39
 4.2.3.1 Linux 39

4.2.3.2 History of Linux 39-40

4.2.3.3 Linux Compare to windows 40

4.2.4 Programming Languages 40

4.2.4.1 Python Programming Language 40-41

4.2.5 Raspbian Wheezy Software 41

CHAPTER 5: RESULTS AND OUTPUT 42-43

5.1 Result 42-43

5.2 Applications 43

5.3 Advantages 43

CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 44

6.1 Conclusion 44

6.2 Future scope 44

REFERENCES 45-46
 LIST OF FIGURES

Fig 2.1 Solar based smart irrigation system . 9

Fig 2.1.2 Iot based smart irrigation using arduino. 11

Fig 2.1.3 Automatic irrigation system . 12

Fig 2.3 Block diagram of smart irrigation system using raspberry pi - 13

- And weather cloud.

Fig 3.2 Raspberry pi software configuration tool. 16

Fig 3.2.1 Raspberry pi GPIO ports. ` 19

Fig 3.2.2 Raspberry pi camera module. 20

Fig 3.3 Flow chart. 24

Fig 4.1 Raspberry pi-3. 26

Fig 4.2 Lm 35 temperature sensor. 28

Fig 4.2.1 Lm 35 circuit diagram. 29

Fig 4.2.2 Lm 35 resistor. 29

Fig 4.2.3 Lm 35 sensor diagram. 30

Fig 4.3 Humidity sensor. 31

Fig 4.4 Ldr sensor . 31

Fig 4.4.1 Variation in resistance with changing light intensity. 32

Fig 4.4.2 Ldr controlled transistor circuit. 33

Fig 4.5 MCP3008. 34

Fig 4.6 Camera module . 35

Fig 4.7 SD card. 36

Fig 4.8 MQTT architecture. 38

Fig 4.8.1 MQTT protocol. 39

Fig 5.1 Output of temperature. 42

Fig 5.2 Lighting output 43