PROPOSAL PENELITIAN

STUDI HUBUNG AN ANTAR A HASIL GRAFIK SCATTERGRAM

DAN HISTOGRAM SYSMEX XN -1000 DENG AN APUS AN
DARAH TEPI P ADA P ASIEN LEUKEMI A DI RSUP DR.
WAHIDIN SUDIROHUSODO MAKASSAR

AGIL SAPUTRA
PO714203172002

KEMENTERIAN KESEHATAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA

POLITEKNIK KESEHATAN KEMENKES MAKASSAR
JURUSAN ANALIS KESEHATAN
PRODI DIV ANALIS KESEHATAN
2019

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 Proposal Penelitian dengan Judul :

STUDI HUBUNG AN ANTAR A HASIL GRAFIK SCATTERGRAM

DAN HISTOGRAM SYSMEX XN -1000 DENG AN APUS AN
DARAH TEPI P ADA P ASIEN LEUKEMI A DI RSUP DR.
WAHIDIN SUDIROHUSODO MAKASSAR

Telah disetujui untuk diseminarkan/ diujikan oleh Tim Penguji

Pada Hari Jum’at tanggal 8 Februari 2019

Pembimbing I Pembimbing II

Dr. H. Herman, S.Pd, M.Kes Nurdin, S.Si.,M.Kes

NIP. 19610526 198303 1 002 NIP.19780622 199803 1 002

Mengetahui :
Ketua Jurusan Analis Kesehatan
Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Makassar

H. Kalma, S.Pd, M.Si

NIP. 19580810 198303 1 008

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 PROPOSAL PENELITIAN INI DISETUJUI

HARI/TANGGAL, JUM’AT 8 FEBRUARI 2019

Pembimbing I/ Penguji Pembimbing II/ Penguji

Dr. H. Herman, S.Pd, M.Kes Nurdin, S.Si.,M.Kes

NIP. 19610526 198303 1 002 NIP. 19780622 199803 1 002

Penguji

Mursalim, S.Pd, M.Kes

NIP. 19680916 198803 1 001

Mengetahui :
Ketua Jurusan Analis Kesehatan
Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Makassar

H. Kalma, S.Pd, M.Si

NIP. 19580810 198303 1 008

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 DAFTAR ISI

SAMPUL DALAM .............................................................................. i

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN............................................................... ii

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN............................................................... iii

DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................... iv

DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................... viii

DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................... vix

BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................... 1

A. Latar Belakang ........................................................................ 2

B. Rumusan Masalah .................................................................. 3

C. Tujuan Penelitian .................................................................... 3

1. Umum .............................................................................. 4

2. Khusus ............................................................................. 4

D. Manfaat Penelitian .................................................................. 4

1. Akademik ......................................................................... 4

2. Peneliti ............................................................................. 4

3. Petugas Laboratorium ....................................................... 4

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ........................................................... 6

A. Tinjauan Tentang Darah ......................................................... 6

1. Pengertian Darah ............................................................. 6

2. Komposisi Darah ............................................................... 6

a) Plasma Darah ............................................................. 6

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 b) Sel Sel Darah ............................................................. 7

1) Sel Darah Merah .................................................. 7

2) Sel Darah Putih .................................................... 10

3) Trombosit ............................................................ 16

3. Pembentukan Darah (Hematopoesis) ............................... 18

4. Fungsi Darah ................................................................... 21

B. Tinjauan Tentang Leukemia ..................................... ............. . 22

1. Definisi Leukemia ............................................................. 22

2. Klasfikasi Leukemia .......................................................... 22

a) Leukemia Akut ............................................................ 23

1) Leukemia Mieloblastik Akut .................................. 23

2) Leukemia Limfoblastik Akut .................................. 26

b) Leukemia Kronik ......................................................... 29

1) Leukemia Myeloid Kronik ..................................... 29

2) Leukemia Limfostik Kronik.................................... 32

C. Tinjauan Apusan Darah Tepi................................................... 35

1. Pengertian ........................................................................ 35

2. Teknik Pembuatan Sediaan ............................................. 35

3. Teknik Pewarnaan Dan Sediaan ....................................... 36

a) Pewarnaan Geimsa ................................................ 37

b) Pewarnaan Wright .................................................. 38

c) Pewarnaan Peroxsidasa ......................................... 38

d) Pewarnaan Sudan Black ........................................ 38

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 e) Pewarnaan PAS ..................................................... 39

f) Pewarnaan Fosfatase Alkalis ................................. 39

4. Teknik Pembacaan Apusan Darah Tepi............. .............. 40

5. Ciri – Ciri Sediaan Yang Baik ............................. .............. 41

D. Hematologi Analyzer ................................................ .............. 42

1. Pengenalan Hematologi Analyzer Sysmex XN 1000 . 42

2. Tujuan ............................................................ .............. 43

3. Reagen Hematologi Analyzer ........................ .............. 43

4. Prinsip Hematologi Analyzer .......................... .............. 44

5. Jenis Dan Parameter Pemeriksaan Dalam Darah . 47

6. Kontrol Hematologi Analyzer ......................... .............. 50

7. Kalibrasi Hematologi Analyzer ....................... .............. 53

E. Kerangka Konseptual .............................................................. 55

F. Hipotesis ................................................................................ 57

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ........................................................ 59

A. Jenis Penelitian ...................................................................... 59

B. Kerangka Operasional............................................................. 59

C. Populasi, Sampel ,Besar Sampel ,Kriteria Sampel dan Teknik

Pengambilan Sampel .............................................................. 60

1. Populasi ............................................................................ 60

2. Sampel ............................................................................. 60

3. Besar Sampel ................................................................... 60

4. Kriteria Sampel ................................................................. 60

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 5. Teknik Pengambilan Sampel ............................................ 60

D. Variabel Penelitian ................................................................. 60

1. Variabel ....................................................................... 60

2. Definisi Operasional .................................................... 60

E. Bahan ..................................................................................... 61

F. Instrumen ............................................................................... 61

G. Prosedur Kerja ........................................................................ 62

1. Pra Analitik ................................................................... 63

2. Analitik ......................................................................... 63

H. Lokasi Dan Waktu Penelitian .................................................. 66

1. Lokasi ............................................................................ 66

2. Waktu Penelitian ............................................................. 66

I. Penggumpulan Data ................................................................. 66

1. Data Primer ..................................................................... 66

2. Data Sekunder ................................................................ 66

J. Analisa Data .............................................................................. 67

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

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 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Sel Darah Merah .......................................................... 7

Gambar 2.2 Jenis Jenis Sel Darah Putih .......................................... 10

Gambar 2.3 Neutrofil.......................................................................... 12

Gambar 2.4 Eosinofil ........................................................................ 12

Gambar 2.5 Basofil ............................................................................ 13

Gambar 2.6 Limfosit.......................................................................... 14

Gambar 2.7 Monosit .......................................................................... 15

Gambar 2.8 Trombosit ....................................................................... 16

Gambar 2.9 Leukemia Myeloid Akut .................................................. 23

Gambar 2.10 Leukemia Limfoblastik Akut ......................................... 28

Gambar 2.11 Leukemia Myeloid Kronik ............................................. 29

Gambar 2.12 Leukemia Limfotik Kronik ............................................. 32

Gambar 2.13 Pembuatan Apusan Darah Tepi ................................... 36

Gambar 2.14 Pewarnaan Geimsa...................................................... 40

Gambar 2.15 Pembagian Zona Darah Tepi ....................................... 41

Gambar 2.16 Apusan Darah Tepi Sebelum Dan Sesudah ................ 42

Gambar 2.17 Kerangka Konseptual ................................................... 57

Gambar 3.1 Kerangka Operasional ................................................... 59

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 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Klasfikasi Leukemia ........................................................... 22

Tabel 2.2 Klasfikasi Leukemia Menurut Fab ...................................... 24

Tabel 2.3 Rai Clinical Staging ............................................................ 34

Tabel 2.4 Binett Clinical Staging System ........................................... 35

Tabel 2.4 Parameter Pemeriksaan Hematologi Analyzer..................... 50

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