TEXT TYPE

ARRANGED BY:

2B English Department

Faculty of Teacher Training and Education

Universitas Islam Syekh Yusuf

Tangerang

2019
 Short Functional Text

A. Announcement
Announcement is a short passage or short functional text that contains
information of facts, events or intentions, that written or spoken are presented to
the public. Function: 1) Announcement function is printed to make know that has
happened or what will happen. 2) Announcement give information to do something
for public, or just giving an information to us just for knowing about something that
what needs to be announced.
Generic Structure of Announcement:
 The title of Announcement
E.g: “English Speech Contest!”
 Day, Date, and Time
E.g: Place, Contact Person, and Who is Addressed
B. Advertisement
Advertising is a form of communication used to encourage or persuade an
audience (viewers, readers or listenes) to continue or take some new action.
Function: The purpose of advertisement text is to announce about a case of a
product to the public, or in other words to introduce a product to the public in order
to buy and attracted to the product being advertised.
Generic Structure: In general, an advertisement consist of five parts:
- Headline
- Subheads
- Bodycopy
- Slogan
- Closing
They play different roles and serve different purposes and hence may not
be equally important, but none is dispensable.
 Purpose of Advertisement:
 Make customers aware of your product or service.
 Convince customers that your company’s product or service is right
for their needs.
 Create a desire for your product or service.
 Enhance the image of your company.
 Announce new products or service.
 Reinforce salespeoples’s messages.
 Make customers take the next step (ask or more information, request
a sample, place an order, and so on).
 Draw customers to your business.
C. Greeting Card
Greeting card is piece of paper or thin cardboard having any of variety of
shapes and formats and hearing greeting or message sentiment. Function: The first
function of the greeting card is to declare congratulation on happy situations such
as wedding card, holidays, greetings while getting certain achievements. As a form
of social feeling, we need to be happy because there are other people we know who
are happy. The second function of an English greeting card usually shown in order
to participate in showing sympathy for unpleasent events that are being experienced
by someone we know, such as saying “get well soon” to a sick friend.
Generic Structure:
 Receiver
to whom the greeting is sent for. Write down the name of
receiver if it is needed
 Body
The body of greeting card usually consist of insteresting words
added by substance as the following: qoute, picture, expression
 Sender
It is better to write down sender of the greeting card.
D. Short Massage
Short message is a brief to convey something to others that the person is
doing or not doing something. Short message is written piece information that you
send/leave to another person. Function: To send an important message to other
people, friend, or family.
General Structure:
 Clear address
 Simple message
 Easy to understand
E. Notice
Notices is an announcement or information of something impending,
warning. Notices is a note, placard, or the like conveying information or a
warning.
Functions:
 To give instruction
 To give direction
 To remind people
 To give warning
 To recommend people

Generic Structure:

 Attention gather (optional)

 Information

 Closure (optional)

F. Caution
 Caution is great care which you take in order to avoid possible danger.
Caution Is a warning or piece of advice telling to be careful. Function: warning for
people to do or not do something. For giving notice of something.

Generic Structure:

 Attention gather

 Information

 Closure (optional)

G. Postcard

Postcards are a piece of thick paper or paperboard used for writing and
shipping without envelopes and at a cheaper price than letters. Postcards are letters
in the form of cards with a size of 10x15 cm. Used for business purposes such as:
promotions, greeting cards, eye signs and more usually a company issues a larger
postcard that is 15x20 cm. Because of its limited size, the contents of the postcards
contain brief news. Postcards are usually sent without envelopes so that the contents
of the news are not confidential

History & Function:

 The first postcard in the world was published in Austria on October

1, 1869 under the name Correspondenz-Karte. Postcards are usually
sent by people while visiting abroad as a kind of memento that
indicates that they have visited the country.

 In subsequent developments it turns out that it is not only a means

of communication, but also can be stored to be exchanged with
similar objects or with other objects.

 And has started to become a collection object with an attractive

appearance.
 Types of Postcard:

O Postcards have stamps, some are plain, no stamps. Stamps here,

already printed on postcards, are released stamps that are separated
and pasted on postcards.

O There are also pictorial postcards, intended for promotions,

advertisements, campaigns and so on. Some of these postcards have
stamps. Some are plain. These pictorial postcards and printed a lot
for general needs, are widespread, very good for maximum card
making (MC).

H. Invitation Card
An invitation is a request, a solicitation, or an attempt to get another person
to join you at a specific event. The purpose of Invitation Card is to invite someone
attend/come an event. Invite to a Birthday Party, Wedding Party or Anniversary,
Meeting, Graduation, etc.
 Generic Structure of Invitation Card :
1. Receiver/To ( name of the person who invited )
2. Body of invitation ( the content of invitation card ) :
Subject (Name of the show)
Day or Dat
Time
Place
3. Sender/from ( the person who sent the invitation )
 The Types of Invitation :
When we take a look on several invitation which are close to our life, we will
find 2 types of Invitation. As many typical printed or spoken documents,
invitation can be:
 1. Formal Invitation : This type of invitation has a meaning official senses. It is
written by institution or company. Due to its formality, such typical invitation
seems to tie the people whom are invited
2. Informal Invitation: this kind of invitation is found a lot in social interaction.
The informal invitation can be written or spoken and commonly given or
addressed to family member, friend, mate etc.

I. Shopping List
Shopping list is list a things that you want to buy when you want to
shopping, which can you write on paper or type it on the phone. The purpose of
Shopping List is to make your grocery shopping as efficient and pleasant as
possible.
The Generic Structure of Shopping List is very simple (not even needed) in a opini
1. Make a plan ( Make a plan about what items you need, what items you want to
buy.)
2. Make a list
Write down the list of items you want to buy on a piece of paper. The goal is that
you are not wrong in buying these items.

J. Food Labels
Labels is an information contained on the outside of the packaging of a product /
item. On product labels there is usually a sentence that shows the superiority of the
product, instructions for use, product composition, and indications. A food label
can be found on the back of most food products. The purpose is to gives information
about the products, and can be useful if one is trying to eat healthy or one needs to
avoid anything one is allergic to.
 GENRE
Based on generic structure and language feature dominantly used, texts are
divided into several types. They are narrative, recount, descriptive, report,
analytical exposition, hortatory exposition, procedure, discussion, review,
anecdote, spoof, and news item. These variations are known as GENRES.
NARRATIVE
Purpose: To amuse/entertain the readers and to tell a story
Generic Structure:
1. Orientation
2. Complication
3. Resolution
4. Reorientation
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Chronologically arrange

RECOUNT

Purpose: to retell something that happened in the past and to tell a

series of past event
Generic Structure:
1. Orientation
2. Event(s)
3. Reorientation
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Using adjectives
Narrative and recount in some ways are similar. Both are telling
something in the past so narrative and recount usually apply PAST
TENSE; whether Simple Past Tense, Simple Past Continuous Tense, or
Past Perfect Tense. The ways narrative and recount told are in
chronological order using time or place. Commonly narrative text is found
in story book; myth, fable, folklore, etc while recount text is found in
biography.
The thing that makes narrative and recount different is the structure in
which they are constructed. Narrative uses conflicts among the
participants whether natural conflict, social conflict or psychological
conflict. In some ways narrative text combines all these conflicts. In the
contrary, we do not find these conflicts inside recount text. Recount
applies series of event as the basic structure.

DESCRIPTIVE

Purpose: to describe a particular person, place or thing in detail.

Dominant Generic Structure:
1. Identification
2. Description
Language Features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Using adverb
4. Using special technical terms

REPORT

Purpose: to presents information about something, as it is.

Generic Structure
1. General classification
2. Description
Dominant Language Feature
1. Introducing group or general aspect
2. Using conditional logical connection
3. Using Simple Present Tense
ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION

Purpose: To reveal the readers that something is the important case

Generic Structure:
1. Thesis
2. Arguments
3. Reiteration/Conclusion
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using modals
2. Using action verbs
3. Using thinking verbs
4. Using adverbs
5. Using adjective
6. Using technical terms
7. Using general and abstract noun
8. Using connectives/transition

HORTATORY EXPOSITION

Purpose: to persuade the readers that something should or should

not be the case or be done
Generic Structure:
1. Thesis
2. Arguments
3. Recommendation
Dominant Language features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using modals
3. Using action verbs
4. Using thinking verbs
5. Using adverbs
6. Using adjective
7. Using technical terms
8. Using general and abstract noun
9. Using connectives/transition
Then what is the basic difference between analytical and hortatory
exposition. In simple word. Analytical is the answer of "How is/will"
while hortatory is the answer of "How should". Analytical exposition will
be best to describe "How will student do for his examination? The point is
the important thing to do. But for the question" How should student do for
his exam?" will be good to be answered with hortatory. It is to convince
that the thing should be done
PROCEDURE
Purpose: to help readers how to do or make something completely
Generic Structure:
1. Goal/Aim
2. Materials/Equipments
3. Steps/Methods
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using Imperatives sentence
3. Using adverb
4. Using technical terms
DISCUSSION
Purpose: to present information and opinions about issues in more
one side of an issue (‘For/Pros’ and ‘Against/Cons’)
Generic Structure:
1. Issue
2. Arguments for and against
3. Conclusion
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Use of relating verb/to be
3. Using thinking verb
4. Using general and abstract noun
5. Using conjunction/transition
6. Using modality
7. Using adverb of manner
REVIEW
Purpose: to critique or evaluate an art work or event for a public
audience
dominant Generic Structure:
1. Orientation
2. Evaluation
3. Interpretative Recount
4. Evaluation
5. Evaluative Summation
Dominant Language features:
1. Focus on specific participants
2. Using adjectives
3. Using long and complex clauses
4. Using metaphor

ANECDOTE

Purpose: to share with others an account of an unusual or amusing

incident
Generic Structure:
1. Abstract
2. Orientation
3. Crisis
4. Reaction
5. Coda.
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using exclamations, rhetorical question or intensifiers
2. Using material process
3. Using temporal conjunctions

SPOOF

Purpose: to tell an event with a humorous twist and entertain the

readers
Generic Structure:
1. Orientation
2. Event(s)
3. Twist
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Using adverb
4. Chronologically arranged

NEWS ITEM

Purpose: to inform readers about events of the day which are considered
newsworthy or important
Dominant Generic Structure:
1. Newsworthy event(s)
2. Background event(s)
3. Sources
Dominant Language Features:
1. Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline
2. Using action verbs
3. Using saying verbs
4. Using adverbs: time, place and manner