Keyboard Shortcut

In computing, a keyboard shortcut is a set of one or more keys that invoke a command in software or an
operating system.
They are typically an alternate means for invoking commands that would otherwise be accessible only
through a menu, a mouse, or an aspect of the user interface. These shortcuts can expedite common
operations by reducing input sequences to a few keystrokes.
These shortcuts can provide an easier and quicker method of using computer programs. These
commands are commonly accessed by using the Alt ket (on PC computers), command key (on Apple
computers), Ctrl, and Shift in conjunction with a single letter.
These shortcuts are for the following programs and applications.
 Word
 Windows
 Internet Explorer
 File Explorer
 Windows System Commands
 Firefox
 Excel
 Mac
 Finder
 Chrome
Shortcut Keys in Microsoft Word
 F1 key: Get help on a selected command or use the Office assistant.
 Shift and F1 Key: Review text formatting.
 F2 Key: Move text or image.
 Shift + F2 Key: Copy text.
 F3 Key: Insert an autotext entry.
 Shift + F3 Key: Change the case of the selected text.
 F4 Key: Perform last action again.
 Shift + F4 Key: Perform a Find or Go To action again.
 F5 Key: Displays the Go To dialogue box. You can also get to Find and Replace from here.
 Shift + F5 Key: Move to a previous revision.
 F6 Key: Go to the next frame or pane.
 Shift + F6 Key: Go to the previous frame or pane.
 F7 Key: Launch the Spell Checker.
 Shift + F7 Key: Launch the Thesaurus.
 F8 Key: Extend the current selection.
 Shift + F8 Key: Shrink the current selection.
 F9 Key: Refresh.
 Shift + F9 Key: Switch between a field code and its result.
 F10 Key: Show KeyTips.
 Shift + F10 Key: Display a Shortcut Menu (same as right-clicking).
 F11 Key: Go to the next field.
 SHIFT + F11 Key: Go to the previous field.
 F12 Key: Open Save As, equivalent to tools menu.
 Shift + F12 Key: Save document, equivalent to tools menu.
 Ctrl and A: Selects all in the current document.
 Ctrl and B: Bold text.
 Ctrl and C: Copies the item or text.
 Ctrl and D: Displays the Font dialogue box.
 Ctrl and E: Switch a paragraph between center and left alignment.
 Ctrl and F: Displays the Find dialog box to search the current document.
 Ctrl and G: Displays the Go To dialog box to search for a specific location in the current document.
 Ctrl and H: Displays the Replace dialogue box.
 Ctrl and I: Italicize text.
 Ctrl and J: Switch a paragraph between justified and left alignment.
 Ctrl and K: Create a hyperlink.
 Ctrl and L: Left align a paragraph.
 Ctrl and M: Indent a paragraph from the left.
 Ctrl and N: Create a new document.
 Ctrl and O: Opens a new document.
 Ctrl and P: Prints a document.
 Ctrl and R: Switch the alignment of a paragraph between left and right.
 Ctrl and S: Saves a document.
 Ctrl and U: Underlines text.
 Ctrl and V: Pastes the copied item or text.
 Ctrl and X: Cuts the selected item or text.
 Ctrl and Y: Redo the last action.
 Ctrl and Z: Undo the last action.
 Ctrl and Enter: Insert a page break.
 Ctrl and F2: Select Print Preview command.
 Ctrl and F4: Closes the active window.
 Ctrl and F6: Opens the next window if multiple are open.
Windows Shortcut Keys
 Windows Key + R: Opens the Run menu.
 Windows Key + E: Opens Explorer.
 Alt + Tab: Switch between open programs.
 Windows Key + Up Arrow: Maximize current window.
  Ctrl + Shift + Esc: Open Task Manager.
 Windows Key + Break: Opens system properties.
 Windows Key + F: Opens search for files and folders.
 Windows Key + D: Hide/display the desktop.
 Alt + Esc: Switch between programs in order they were opened.
 Alt + Letter: Select menu item by underlined letter.
 Ctrl + Esc: Open Start menu.
 Ctrl + F4: Close active document (does not work with some applications).
 Alt + F4: Quit active application or close current window.
 Alt + Spacebar: Open menu for active program.
 Ctrl + Left or Right Arrow: Move cursor forward or back one word.
 Ctrl + Up or Down Arrow: Move cursor forward or back one paragraph.
 F1: Open Help menu for active application.
 Windows Key + M: Minimize all windows.
 Shift + Windows Key + M: Restore windows that were minimized with previous keystroke.
 Windows + F1: Open Windows Help and Support.
 Windows + Tab: Open Task view.
 Windows + Break: Open the System Properties dialog box.
 Hold Right SHIFT key for eight seconds: Switch FilterKeys on and off.
 Left Alt + Left Shift + Print Screen: Switch High Contrast on and off.
 Left Alt + Left Shift + Num Lock: Switch Mouse keys on and off.
 Press Shift five times: Switch Sticky keys on and off.
 Hold Num Lock for five seconds: Switch Toggle keys on and off.

Internet Explorer Shortcut Keys

 Alt + Left Arrow/Backspace: Go back to the previous page.
 Alt + Right Arrow: Go to next page.
 F5: Refresh page.
 F11: Toggle between full-screen and regular view.
 Esc: Stop downloading a page.
 Ctrl + ( + or -): Zoom in or out of page by 10%.
 Ctrl + Enter: Adds www. at the beginning and .com to the end of any text entered in the Address
bar.
 Ctrl + D: Add the current site to your favorites.
 Ctrl + I: View your favorites.
 Ctrl + N: Open a new window.
 Ctrl + P: Print the current page.
 Ctrl + T: Open a new tab.
 Ctrl + F4: Closes tabs in the background.
 Ctrl + Tab: Switch between tabs.
 Spacebar: Click the notification bar.
 Shift + Spacebar: Move up one page.
 Alt + Down Arrow: Move a selected item down the favorites list.

Firefox Keyboard Shortcuts

Command Windows
Go back a Alt + Left
page. Arrow
Go forward a Alt + Right
page. Arrow
Reload F5
current page.
Toggle F11
between full
screen and
regular
screen.
Stop page Esc
from loading.
Complete a Ctrl + Enter
.com address.
Complete a Shift + Enter
.net address.
Complete a Ctrl + Shift +
.org address. Enter
Clear recent Ctrl + Shift +
history. Delete
Add a Ctrl + D
bookmark for
the current
page.
Display Ctrl + Shift +
available B
bookmarks.
Display the Ctrl + J
download
window.
Open a new Ctrl + N
browser
window.
Print current Ctrl + P
page.
Opens a new Ctrl + T
tab.
Close the tab. Ctrl + W
 Close window. Ctrl + Shift +
W
Undo the Ctrl + Shift +
close of a N
window.
Undo the Ctrl + Shift +
close of a tab. T
Moves Ctrl + Tab
through each
of the open
tabs.
Go to bottom End
of page.
Go to top of Home
page.

Microsoft Excel Shortcut Keys

1. F2: Edit the active cell.
2. F5: Displays the Go To box.
3. F7: Open the Spelling dialogue box to check a selected range.
4. F11: Create a chart of data in the current range in a separate sheet.
5. Alt + Shift + F1: Insert a new worksheet.
6. Shift + F3: Opens Insert Function dialogue box.
7. Shift + F5: Opens the Find and Replace dialogue box.
8. Ctrl + Shift + Colon (:): Enter the current time.
9. Ctrl + Semicolon (;): Enter the current date.
10. Ctrl + A: Select all content in the worksheet.
11. Ctrl + B: Bold highlighted selection.
12. Ctrl + I: Italicize highlighted selection.
13. Ctrl + K: Open the Insert hyperlink dialogue box.
14. Ctrl + U: Underline highlighted selection.
15. Ctrl + 5: Apply strikethrough formatting.
16. Ctrl + P: Brings up the print dialog box.
17. Ctrl + Z: Undo.
18. Ctrl + F9: Minimize a workbook window to an icon.
19. Ctrl + F10: Maximize a selected workbook window.
20. Ctrl + F6: Switch to the next workbook window when multiple are open.
21. Ctrl + Page Up: Move to previous sheet in a workbook.
22. Ctrl + Page Down: Move to next sheet in a workbook.
23. Ctrl + Tab: Switch to next tab in dialogue box.
24. Ctrl + Apostrophe ('): Insert the value of the above cell into the cell currently selected.
25. Ctrl + Shift + !: Apply the Number format.
26. Ctrl + Shift + $: Apply the Currency format.
27. Ctrl + Shift + #: Apply the Date format.
28. Ctrl + Shift + %: Apply the Percentage format.
29. Ctrl + Shift + ^: Apply the Exponential format.
30. Ctrl + Shift + @: Apply the Time format.
31. Ctrl + Arrow Key: Move to the edge of the current data region in a worksheet.
32. Ctrl + Space: Select an entire column in a worksheet.
33. Shift + Space: Select an entire row in a worksheet.

Finder Shortcuts
34. Shift + Command + F: Open All My Files window.
35. Shift + Command + K: Open Network window.
36. Option + Command + L: Open Downloads folder.
37. Shift + Command + O: Open documents folder.
38. Shift + Command + U: Open Utilities folder.
39. Option + Command + D: Show or hide the Dock.
40. Shift + Command + N: Create a new folder.
41. Command + Delete: Move selected item to the Trash.
42. Shift + Command + Delete: Empty Trash.

Chrome Keyboard Shortcuts

Command Windows
Open new Ctrl + N
window.
Open new Ctrl + T
tab.
Reopen the Ctrl + Shift +
last closed T
tab.
Move to next Ctrl + Tab
tab.
Move to Ctrl + Shift +
previous tab. Tab
Open Alt + Left
previous page Arrow
in browsing
history.
Open next Alt + Right
page in Arrow
browsing
history.
 Close current Ctrl + W
tab.
Close current Alt + F4
window.
Open Ctrl + Shift +
Bookmarks O
Manager.
Open History Ctrl + H
page.
Open Ctrl + J
Downloads
page.
Open Find Ctrl + F
Bar.
Print current Ctrl + P
page.
Save current Ctrl + S
page.
Reload F5
current page.
Save current Ctrl + D
page as a
bookmark.
Toggle full- F11
screen mode.

How to Create a Windows Shortcut Key

43. Open the folder or directory that contains the program you wish to create a shortcut for.
44. Right-click on the program and click Create Shortcut.
45. This will create a shortcut named "Shortcut to <your program>" in the directory you are in. If you
wish to rename this shortcut, right-click the file and click Rename.
46. Once the above steps have been completed, you can copy this shortcut and paste it anywhere to
execute this program.
Once the shortcut has been created, you can assign a keystroke to that Windows shortcut.
 Right-click the shortcut and click Properties.
 Click the Shortcut tab.

 Click in the Shortcut key box and press a letter. For example, if you press "p", the shortcut key will
automatically be made to Ctrl + Alt + P. Which means that if saved, pressing Ctrl and Alt and P will
run that shortcut.

100 keyboard shortcuts and The A - Z Of All Microsoft Shortcuts

CTRL and B Bold text.

CTRL and C Copies the item
CTRL and D Fill Down Cell
CTRL and E Centre Alignment.
CTRL and F Displays the Find dialog box, to search the current document.
CTRL and G Displays the Go to dialog box, to go to a specific location in the current document.
CTRL and H Displays the Replace dialogue box.
CTRL and I Italic text.
CTRL and J Full Justification.
CTRL and K Create Hyperlink
CTRL and L Left Alignment
CTRL and M Tab
CTRL and N Creates a new document.
CTRL and O Displays the Open File dialogue box.
CTRL and P Displays the Print dialog box.
CTRL and R Fill Right Cell
CTRL and S Displays the Save dialog box.
CTRL and U Underline text
CTRL and V Pastes the copied item or text from the Clipboard into the current position in the document.
CTRL and X Cuts the item or text selected to the Clipboard.
CTRL and Y Redo the last undone action.
CTRL and Z Undoes the last action

Keyboard Shortcuts (Microsoft Windows)

1. CTRL+C (Copy)
2. CTRL+X (Cut)
3. CTRL+V (Paste)
4. CTRL+Z (Undo)
5. DELETE (Delete)
6. SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item
permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin)
7. CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)
8. CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)
9. F2 key (Rename the selected item)
10. CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)
11. CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word) 12.
CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph)
13. CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)
14. CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text) SHIFT with any of the arrow keys
(Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document)
15. CTRL+A (Select all)
16. F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
17. ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item)
18. ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)
19. ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object)
20. ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)
21. CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents
opensimultaneously)
22. ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items)
23. ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)
24. F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)
25. F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My
Computer or Windows Explorer)
26. SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)
27. ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window)
28. CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)
29. ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu) Underlined letter in a
command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command)
30. F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active
program)
31. RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu) 32. LEFT ARROW (Open
the next menu to the left, or close a submenu)
33. F5 key (Update the active window)
34. BACKSPACE (View the folder onelevel up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
35. ESC (Cancel the current task)
36. SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROMinto the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically
playing)

Dialog Box - Keyboard Shortcuts

1. CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs)
2. CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs)
3. TAB (Move forward through the options)
4. SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options)
5. ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option)
6. ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button)
7. SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check box if the
active option is a check box)
8. Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)
9. F1 key (Display Help)
10. F4 key (Display the items in the active list)
11. BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box)

Microsoft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts

1. Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu)
2. Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System
Properties dialog box)
3. Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop)
4. Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows)
5. Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restorethe minimized windows)
6. Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer)
7. Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder)
8. CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers)
9. Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help) 10. Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard)
11. Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box)
12. Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager)
13. Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts
14. Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)
15. Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)
16. Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)
17. SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)
18. NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the
ToggleKeys either on or off)
19. Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager)
20. Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
21. END (Display the bottom of the active window)
22. HOME (Display the top of the active window)
23. NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder)
24. NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder)

MMC Console keyboard shortcuts

1. SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)
2. F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)
3. F5 key (Update the content of all console
windows)
4. CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)
5. CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)
6. ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for theselected item)
7. F2 key (Rename the selected item)
8. CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this
shortcut closes the console) Remote

Desktop Connection Navigation

1. CTRL+ALT+END (Open the Microsoft Windows NT Security dialog box)
2. ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)
3. ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)
4. ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)
5. ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu)
6. CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer
between a window and a full screen)
7. ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu)
8. CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server
clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
9. CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place asnapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server
clipboardand provide the same functionality aspressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)

Microsoft Internet Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts

1. CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)
2. CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)
3. CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)
4. CTRL+H (Open the History bar)
5. CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar) 6. CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)
7. CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)
8. CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box,the same as CTRL+L)
9. CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)
10. CTRL+R (Update the current Web page)
11. CTRL+W (Close the current window)
Better still, maybe this will be more clearer;

CTRL A select all

CTRL B Bold
CTRL C Copy
CTRL D Fill Down Cell
CTRL E Centre Alignment.
CTRL F find CTRL G go to current
CTRL H Replace
CTRL I Italic
CTRL J Full Justification.
CTRL K Create Hyperlink
CTRL L Left Alignment CTRL M Tab
CTRL N new page
CTRL O Open
CTRL P Print
CTRL R Fill Right Cell
CTRL S Save CTRL U Underline
CTRL V Paste
CTRL X Cut
CTRL Y Redo
CTRL Z Undo

Windows macOS[note KDE / GNOM Emacs Vim Chro

Action s 1] E me
OS
File menu Alt + F , or F10 th Ctrl + F2 , th Alt + F Meta + ` , th Alt + f (gvi Ctrl +
en F en F [notes en f m) O
2]
or Ctrl + e (
vim +
NERDTree)
Edit menu Alt + E Ctrl + F2 , th Alt + E Meta + ` , th Alt + e (gvi
en E [notes en e m)
2]
View menu Alt + V Ctrl + F2 , th Alt + V
en V [notes
2]
Undo the Ctrl + Z , or ⌘ Cmd + Z Ctrl + Z Ctrl + x , the u Ctrl +
last Alt+Backspace n u or Z
operation
Ctrl + / or
Ctrl + _ or
Undo
Redo the Ctrl + Y , orShift+ ⇧ Shift + ⌘ ⇧ Same as Ctrl + r Ctrl +
last Alt+Backspace Cmd + Z Shift + Ctrl + Z undo, when ⇧
operation undo is
, or Ctrl + Y exhausted, Shift +
it redoes. Z
Move the
cursor after
one or more
undos, and
further
undos will
be redos.
 Cut the Ctrl + X , or ⇧ ⌘ Cmd + X Ctrl + X Ctrl + w x Ctrl +
selection Shift +Del or "ax to X
and store it
cut in
in
register
the clipboar
d "a" or "+x t
o cut in
system
clipboard
Copy the Ctrl + C , or Ctrl +I ⌘ Cmd + C Ctrl + C Meta + w , or y Ctrl +
selection ns Ctrl + Ins or "ay or " C
into
the clipboar +y
d
Paste Ctrl + V ,or ⇧ ⌘ Cmd + V Ctrl + V Ctrl + y , or ⇧ p Ctrl +
contents Shift + Ins Shift + Ins or "ap to V
of clipboar
paste the
dat cursor
content of
the "a"
register or "
+p to paste
the content
of the
system
clipboard
Paste Shift+Opt+C Ctrl + ⇧ Meta + y Ctrl + ⇧
special md+V Shift + V Shift + V
Select all in Ctrl + A ⌘ Cmd + A Ctrl + A Ctrl + x , the ggVG , Ctrl +
focused n h unlikely A
control or ever
window needed as
most
commands
take an
optional
range
parameter.
% means
"all in
focused
windows"
here so
e.g. to copy
all the text,
use :%y
Cycle ⇧ Shift + Alt , or ⊞ Cmd+Space Ctrl + Alt + K v Ctrl + \ Ctrl +
through Win + Space (not MBR) ia KDE Space
installed Configure Keyboard
The latter
keyboard desired ⇧ Shift + Alt in
displays a menu
languages keypress
with the currently GNOME
/ input in Keyboard
selected input
methods and Mouse
method
Preferences,
 highlighted, and Keyboard
debuted in Shortcuts, S
Windows 8. elect the
next source
in Input
menu.[1]
Print Ctrl + P

Navigation

Windows macOS[notes 1] KDE/GNOME Chrome OS

Action

New browser Ctrl + N ⌘ Cmd + T Ctrl + N

window with (for both explorer.exe
same page as and iexplore.exe)
current
New folder Ctrl + ⇧ Shift + N ⇧ Shift + ⌘ Cmd + N Ctrl + ⇧ Shift + N
Applications ⊞ Win or Ctrl + F2 , then "n" [note Alt + <letter> Search
menu Ctrl + Esc s 2] e.g.
for File Alt + F
Lock desktop ⊞ Win + L [2] Ctrl + ⌘ Ctrl + Alt + L Power (Hold
Cmd + Q [3](macOS for 3 seconds)
High Sierra and
greater)
or Ctrl + ⇧
Shift + Eject or
MBR Ctrl + ⇧
Shift + Pwr
(If "Require password
after sleep or screen
saver" is enabled in
"System
Preferences —
Security & Privacy")
Show desktop ⊞ Win + D F11 Ctrl + Alt + D
Minimize all ⊞ Win + M , then Ctrl + Super + D
windows use ⊞ Win + ⇧
Shift + M to bring back
all windows
 Log out user ⇧ Shift + ⌘ Cmd + Q Ctrl + Alt + Delet Ctrl + ⇧
e Shift + Q (Twice
)
Switch active ⊞ Win + L [notes 3]
user
Task manager Ctrl + ⇧ Shift + Esc , ⌥ Opt + ⌘ Cmd + Esc Ctrl + Esc Search + Esc
Ctrl + Alt + Delete [note
s 4]
Rename F2 ↵ Enter [notes 5] or F2 F2
object
Open file or ↵ Enter or ⇧ Shift + ↵ ⌘ Cmd + O or ⌘ ↵ Enter
program Enter Cmd + ↓
Switch Alt + Tab ↹ / ⌘ Cmd + Tab ↹ / Ctrl + Tab ↹ / Hold Alt , then
window quickly
(next/previous ⇧ Shift + Alt + Tab ↹ ⇧ Shift + ⌘ Cmd + Tab Ctrl + ⇧
press Tab ↹
) ↹ Shift + Tab ↹

Switch Alt + Esc / Only works within Ctrl + Esc /

window single Applications
without dialog ⇧ Shift + Alt + Esc ⇧
(next/previous Shift + Ctrl + Esc
) ⌘ Cmd + ` / ⌘
Cmd + ~

Run ⊞ Win , enter ⌘ Cmd + Space , enter Alt + F2 , enter

application executable name or executable name or ⌘ executable
Cmd + ↓ name
⊞ Win + R , enter
executable name
Search ⊞ Win , enter ⌘ Cmd + Space Search
executable name or
⊞ Win + F or F3
Show Hidden
Files

Screenshots

Windows macOS KDE / GNOME

Action

Save screenshot of ⊞ Win + Print ⇧ Shift + ⌘ Cmd + 3 [5] Print Screen set the
entire screen as Screen name and click
file "Save". GNOME
Shell[6]
Copy screenshot ⊞ Win + Print Ctrl + ⇧ Shift + ⌘ Cmd + 3 Ctrl + Print Screen
of entire screen to Screen or Print
clipboard
Screen
Copy screenshot Alt + Print Ctrl + Alt + Print
of active window Screen Screen
to clipboard
 Save screenshot of ⇧ Shift + ⌘ Alt + Print Screen set
window as file Cmd + 4 then Space then the name and click
move mouse and click "Save".GNOME[6]
Save screenshot of ⇧ Shift + ⌘ Cmd + 4 then ⇧ Shift + Print
arbitrary area as click+drag mouse over Screen set the name
file required area and click
"Save". GNOME[6]
Copy screenshot Ctrl + ⇧ Shift + ⌘ Alt + Print
of window to Cmd + 4 then Space then Screen click "Copy to
clipboard
move mouse and click Clipboard".GNOME[6]
Copy screenshot Windows Ctrl + ⇧ Shift + ⌘ ⇧ Shift + Print
of arbitrary area to 10: ⊞ Win + ⇧ Cmd + 4 then click+drag Screen click "Copy to
clipboard Shift + S mouse over required Clipboard".GNOME[6]
area
Screencasting Ctrl + ⇧
Shift + Alt + R [7][8]
Screenshot Utility OSX Mojave: ⇧ Shift
Text editing
Many of these commands may be combined with ⇧ Shift to select a region of text.[notes 6]
Windo macOS[n KDE / GNOME Emacs Vim Chrome OS
Action ws otes 1]

Delete Del or Del or Del Ctrl + d x Alt + ←

char to Backspace
the Fn + ← Fn + ←
right of or Del
cursor Backsp Backspa
ace ce
Delete Ctrl + D ⌥ Ctrl + Del Meta + d dw
word to el Opt + Del (delete space
the too)or
or
right of
cursor de (keep
⌥
space)
Opt + Fn
+←
Backspa
ce
Delete Ctrl + ← ⌥ Ctrl + ← Ctrl + ← dge ←
word to Backsp Opt + ← Backspace Backspace or (delete space Backspace
the left too)or
of ace Backspa
Meta + ←
cursor ce
Backspace db (keep
space)
Go to Home ⌘ Home Ctrl + a or ^
start of or Cmd + ← (go to first non-
line space) or
or Home
0
Fn + ←
(go to column
Ctrl + A 0)
Go to End or ⌘ End Ctrl + e or $
end of Cmd + →
line
Fn + → or End

Ctrl + E

Go to Ctrl + H ⌘ Ctrl + Home Meta + < or gg Ctrl + search

start of ome Cmd + ↑ +←
docume
nt Ctrl + Home

Go to Ctrl + E ⌘ Ctrl + End Meta + > or G Ctrl + search

end of nd Cmd + ↓ +→
docume
nt Ctrl + End

Go to Ctrl + ← ⌥ Ctrl + ← Meta + b or b or

previou or Opt + ← ge
s word Ctrl + ← or
Ctrl + / Meta + ←

Go to Ctrl + → ⌥ Ctrl + → Meta + f or w or e

next Opt + →
word Ctrl + → or
Meta + →
Go to ↑ ↑ or ↑ Ctrl + p or k or ↑
previou
s line ↑ | k or ↑
Ctrl + p

Go to ↓ ↓ or ↓ Ctrl + n or ↓ j or ↓
next
line
Ctrl + n

Go to Ctrl + ↑ ⌥ Ctrl + ↑ Meta + ( or Co (

previou Opt + ↑ (kword or ntrol + ↑
s line GNOME)
break
(paragr
aph)
Go to Ctrl + ↓ ⌥ Ctrl + ↓ Meta + } or )
next Opt + ↓ (kword or Control + ↓
line GNOME)
break
Move Page ⌥ Page Down Ctrl + v or Ctrl + f or
the Down Opt + ⇟ o
cursor
r Page Down Page Down
down
the
length
of the
viewpor
t ⌥
Opt + Fn
+↓

Move Page ⌥ Page Up Meta + v or Ctrl + b or

the Up Opt + ⇞ o
cursor
r Page Up Page Up
up the
length
of the ⌥
viewpor Opt + Fn
t
+↑

Find Ctrl + F ⌘ Ctrl + F Ctrl + s / Ctrl + F

Cmd + F Ctrl + K (GNOME;
⌘ interactive search)
Cmd + E
(Search
with
current
selection)
Go to F3 ⌘ Ctrl + G (GNOME) Ctrl + s n
next Cmd + G or
search
result F3 (KDE)[10]
Go to ⇧ ⇧ ⇧ Ctrl + r N
previou Shift + F Shift + ⌘ Shift + Ctrl + G (GN
s
3 Cmd + G OME) or
search
result
⇧
Shift + F3 (KDE)[1
0]
Search Ctrl + H ⌘ Ctrl + H (GNOME) Meta + % %s/fosh/fish/g
and Cmd + F or c [notes 7]
replace
Ctrl + R (KDE)
Search Ctrl + Meta + s All searches
with use regular
a regula expressions.
r
express
ion
Search
and
replace
with a
regular
express
ion
Text formatting

WindowsWordPa macOS[notes KDE / GNOME[1 Emacs Vim

Action d 1] 1]

Bold Ctrl + B ⌘ Cmd + B Ctrl + B Meta + o ,

then b
Underline Ctrl + U ⌘ Cmd + U Ctrl + U Meta + o ,
then u
Italic Ctrl + I ⌘ Cmd + I Ctrl + I Meta + o ,
then i
Uppercase / Ctrl + ⇧ Shift + A ⌥ Opt + ⌘ ⇧ Shift + F3 Meta + u for gU for
Lowercase Cmd + C upper, upper, gu f
Meta + l for or
lower, ~ to
lower, Meta + c f
toggle.
or capitalized.

Superscript Ctrl + ⇧ Shift + = Ctrl + ⌘ Ctrl + ⇧

Cmd + + (som Shift + P [12]
e applications
only)
Subscript Ctrl + = Ctrl + ⌘ Ctrl + ⇧
Cmd + - Shift + B [12]
(some
applications
only)
Selected Ctrl + ⇧ ⌥ Opt + ⇧
text Shift + > , Ctrl + ⇧ Shift + >
larger/small
er Shift + < ⌥ Opt + ⇧
Shift + <
or
Ctrl + [ , Ctrl/core
+]

Selected Ctrl + ⇧ Shift + L

text Bullets
or
Numbered
Items
Insert Ctrl + ↵ Enter ⌥ Opt + ↵ Ctrl + ↵ Enter
Linebreak Enter [notes
5]

Browsers / Go menu
 Windows macOS KDE / GNOME Chrome OS
Action

Go to Alt + D or Alt + C or F6 ⌘ Ctrl + L or Alt + D or F6 Ctrl + L or Alt + D

Address depending on language Cmd + L or ⇧
Bar
Shift + ⌘
Cmd + G
Go to the Alt + ← or ← ⌘ Alt + ← ←
previous Backspace Cmd + [ or ⌘
location in
history[13] Cmd + ←
Go to the Alt + → or ⇧ Shift + ← ⌘ Alt + → →
next Backspace (web Cmd + ] or ⌘
location in
browser only) Cmd + →
history
Go up one Alt + ↑ (Vista, 7 or 8 ⌘ Cmd + ↑ Alt + ↑
level in the only) or ←
navigation
hierarchy Backspace (Windows
Explorer)
Go to the Alt + Home ⌘ Ctrl + Home (KDE) /
starting Cmd + Home
page Alt + Home (GNOME)
defined by
the user or
application

Web browsers

Window macOS KDE / GNOME Emac Vimperator Chrome OS

Action s s-
w3m
Bookma Ctrl + B ⌘ Cmd + B Alt + B v :bmarks
rks
menu (Firefox)
URL ↵ Enter ⌘ Cmd + ↵ Ctrl + ↵ Enter Ctrl + ↵ Enter
Shortcut Enter [notes
s (Adds
5](Firefox) or
www. +
.com)
Ctrl + ↵
Enter [notes
5] (Chrome)
URL Ctrl + ⇧ ⇧ Shift + ⌘ Ctrl + ⇧ Shift + ↵
Shortcut Shift + ↵ Cmd + ↵ Enter
s (Adds
www. + Enter Enter [notes
.org) 5](Firefox)
URL ⇧ ⇧ Shift + ↵ ⇧ Shift + ↵
Shortcut Shift + ↵ Enter [notes Enter
s (Adds
Enter 5] (Firefox)
 www. +
.net)
Add Ctrl + D ⌘ Cmd + D Ctrl + B / a :bmark Ctrl + D
bookmar
k for
current Ctrl + D
page
Add Meta
bookmar +a
k for
current
link
Manage Ctrl + B ⌘ Cmd + ⌥ Ctrl + ⇧
bookmar Opt + B (Chrome/ Shift + R /
ks
Safari) or
Ctrl + B
⌘ Cmd + ⇧
Shift + B (Firefox)
Focus Ctrl + E ⌘ Ctrl + k t (open in a Ctrl + E or Ct
and Cmd + E (Opera) new tab) or rl + K
select T (open in
or
Web
current tab)
search
bar ⌘
Cmd + K (Firefox)
or
⌥ Opt + ⌘
Cmd + F (Safari)
Focus Ctrl + L ⌘ Cmd + L Ctrl + L or g O to alter Ctrl + L or Alt
and or URL, +D
select use y to copy
address Alt + D or
F6 or it.
bar F6
Alt + D
Refresh F5 or ⌘ Cmd + R F5 or R r ⟲ or Ctrl + R
a
webpag
e Ctrl + R Ctrl + R

Refresh Ctrl + F5 ⌥ Opt + ⌘ Ctrl + ⇧ R Ctrl + ⇧

a or Cmd + E then ⌘ Shift + F5 or Ct Shift + R
webpag
e Cmd + R rl + ⇧ Shift + R
Ctrl + ⇧
ignoring
cache Shift + R
Open a Ctrl + N ⌘ Cmd + N Ctrl + N :winopen Ctrl + N
new (Chrome)
window
Zoom Ctrl + + / ⌘ Cmd + + / Ctrl + + / zi / zo / zz (te
Options xt only)
(zoom in
/
zoom
 out /
zoom Ctrl + - / ⌘ Cmd + - / Ctrl + - / or zI / zO / zZ
100%) Ctrl + 0 ⌘ Cmd + 0 Ctrl + 0 (text and
images)

Tab management

Windows macOS KDE / GNOME Emacs- Vimp Chro

Actio w3m erato me
n r OS

New Ctrl + T ⌘ Cmd + T Ctrl + ⇧ Shift + N or Ctrl + c , t Ctrl +

tab then Ctrl + T
Ctrl + ⇧ Shift + T or t
Ctrl + T
Clos Ctrl + W ⌘ Ctrl + W Mozilla d Ctrl +
e tab Cmd + W Firefox[14] & Opera[15]& Chrome[16 W
] & Arora[17] & Epiphany[18] & Midor
i
Ctrl + F4 Mozilla
Firefox[14] & Opera[15]& Chrome[16
] & Arora[17]
Clos ⌘ Cmd + ⌥ Ctrl + c ,
e all Opt + T (Saf then Met
tabs
ari) a+w
but
the
curre
nt
one
Go Ctrl + Tab ↹ Ctrl + Tab Ctrl + PageDown or Ctrl + c , gt Ctrl +
to ↹ or then Ctrl + Tab
next Ctrl + Tab ↹ or
tab n ↹
⌘ Cmd + ⇧ Ctrl + .
Shift + → (S
afari)
Go Ctrl + ⇧ ⇧ Ctrl + PageUp or Ctrl + c , gT Ctrl +
to Shift + Tab Shift + Ctrl + then Ctrl + ⇧
previ Ctrl + ⇧ Shift + Tab ↹
ous ↹ Tab ↹ or p Shift
tab or Ctrl + , + Ta
⌘ Cmd + ⇧ b↹
Shift + ← (S
afari)
Go Ctrl +n ⌘ Alt +n (Chrome, Firefox) or First Ctrl +
to (Chrome, Fir Cmd +n (Ch tab: b
tab-n efox, Interne Ctrl +n (Chrome) g0
rome)
t Explorer)
 Last
tab:
g$

Ope Ctrl + ⇧ ⌘ Cmd + ⇧ Ctrl + ⇧ Shift + T Ctrl + ⇧ u Ctrl +

na Shift + T Shift + T Shift + T ( ⇧
previ (Firefox, Opera, Chrome)[16][19][20]
(Firefox, Op Firefox)[1 Shift
ousl
era, Chrome 9] +T
y
)
clos
ed
tab
Ope Ctrl + ⇧
na Shift + N (Fir
previ
efox)[19]
ousl
y
clos
ed
wind
ow

Window management

Windows macOS[notes 1] KDE GNOME Emacs

Action

Close the Ctrl + w ⌘ Cmd + F11

current
internet
tab
Force Alt + ↵ Enter ⌥ Opt + Alt + ↵
window Enter [notes
mode
(Applicati 5]or ⌥
on Option + Alt + F or
requires ⌘ Cmd + F or ⌘
functionali
Cmd + ⌥
ty for set
action) Option + F
Pop up Alt + Space Alt + F3 Alt + Space Meta + ` ,
window then b
menu
Close the Alt + F4 or Alt + Spac ⌘ Cmd + W Alt + F4 Alt + F4 Ctrl + x ,
focused e then C [notes 8] then k
window
Close all ⌘ Cmd + ⌥
windows Opt + W
of current
applicatio
n
 Restore Alt + Space then R [n Alt + F3 then X Alt + F5 Ctrl + x ,
the otes 8] then r ,
focused
window to then j ,
its then
previous letter of
size the
window
state
register.
Move the Alt + Space then M [n Alt +Mouse / Alt +Mouse /
focused otes 8] then Arrow
window Alt + F3 then M Alt + F7 the
Keys and ↵ Enter (to then Arrow Keys n Arrow
save new location)
Keys

Resize the Alt + Space then S [n Alt + F3 then S t Alt + F8 the Ctrl + x ,
focused otes 8] then Arrow hen Arrow Keys n Arrow then ^ ve
window
Keys and ↵ Enter (to Keys rtically
save new size)
Keep Ctrl + Alt + Esc (toggle
window s on/off)
always on
top
Hide the ⌘ Cmd + H Meta + x ,
focused then
window bury-
buffer,
then ↵
Enter
Hide all ⌘ Cmd + ⌥
except the Option + H
focused
window
Minimize Alt + Esc
the
focused
window
Minimize Alt + Space then N [n ⌘ Cmd + M Alt + F3 then N Alt + F9 Meta + x ,
the otes 8], or ⊞ then
focused bury-
window Win + ↓ (Windows
buffer,
Vista Home Premium,
Windows >=7) then ↵
Enter
Maximize Alt + Space then X [n ⌘ Cmd + L Alt + F3 then X Alt + F10 Ctrl + x ,
the otes 8], in Microsoft then 1
focused Windows, all
window shortcuts
with Alt + Space follow
ed by another key are
language dependent.
The Alt + Space comb
 ination opens the
window menu, and
the following key
selects from the
menu. As the menu
labels (and their
underlined hotkeys)
vary with the
Windows system
language, the hotkeys
are different for
international versions
of Microsoft Windows,
and may change if
users change their
Windows system
language preference.
The given examples
are valid for English
user
preferences/version
of Windows.</ref>
or ⊞
Win + ↑ (Windows 7,
8, 10)
Maximize Available, but no Available,
horizontall default but no
y default
Maximize ⊞ Win + ⇧ Available ('Zoom'), Available, but no Available,
vertically Shift + ↑ (Windows 7 but no default default but no
default
and Windows 8)
Minimize ⊞ Win + M or ⊞ ⌘ Cmd + Alt + M Available, but no Ctrl + Alt + D
all Win + D default
Minimize ⊞ Available, but no
all non Win + Home (Window default
focused
s 7, 8.1, 10)
windows
Undo ⇧ Shift + ⊞ Win + M Available, but no Ctrl + Alt + D
minimize default
all
Switch F11 or ⊞ Win + ⇧ ⌘ Cmd + ⇧ F11 F11
fullscreen/ Shift + ↵ Shift + F
normal
size Enter (UWP apps
only)
Show the Depends on Ctrl + ⇧ Shift + F Ctrl + F11
window in application,
full screen system default: ⌘
mode, Cmd + Ctrl + F
with no
border,
menubar,
toolbar or
statusbar
Rollup/do Available, but no Alt + F12
wn default
window
Show all ⊞ Win + Tab ↹ F3 or ⊞ Ctrl + x ,
open F9 or Fn + F9 or Win works then Ctrl
windows
Move mouse per desktop +b
pointer to on Gnome
configured hot 3+
corner or active
screen
corner[21][22]
Show all ⊞ Win+Tab ↹ Ctrl + F3 or Ctrl + ` Ctrl + x ,
windows F10 or Move then Ctrl
of current
mouse pointer to +b
applicatio
configured hot
n
corner or active
screen
corner[21][22]
Show all ⊞ Win + Tab ↹ (only F8 or ⊞ Win then
workspac Windows 10) Move mouse mouse over
es pointer to the desktop
configured hot bar on the
corner or active right edge of
screen the screen
corner[21][22]
Move ⊞ Available, but no Ctrl + Alt + ⇧
window to Win + ← / → (Window default Shift + ← /
left/right/u
p/down
s 7 and Windows 8) → / ↑ / ↓
workspac
e
Move ⊞ Win + ⇧
window Shift + ← / → (Window
between
s 7 and Windows 8)
multiple
monitors
Move Available, but no
window to default
workspac
en
Switch to Available, but no
next/previ default
ous
workspac
e list
Go to Ctrl +n Ctrl + F n
workspac
en
Go to [notes 9] Ctrl + ← / Available, but no Ctrl + Alt +
left/right/u default ← /
p/down
workspac
e Ctrl + → / Ctrl + ↑ → / ↑ / ↓
/ Ctrl + ↓ (OS X
10.5 to
10.6), Ctrl + ← /
Ctrl + → (OS X
10.7 and later)

Quit Alt + F4 or Ctrl + F4 v ⌘ Cmd + Q [notes Ctrl + Alt + Esc q

applicatio aries[notes 10] 11]
n of
current
window
Close Esc (Laptop) Esc
dialog ⊞
Win + ↓ + F4 (Desktop)
Open/Foc ⊞ Win + (#) where
us "#" is the position of
(preview) the program on the
pinned Windows Taskbar
program (Windows 7 and
on the Windows 8.1)
taskbar
Open new ⊞ Win + (#) where ⌘ Cmd + A + ⇧
program "#" is the position of Shift
window of the program on the
pinned Quick Launch toolbar
program (Windows Vista, 7
in Quick and 8.1)
Launch
Open new ⊞ Win + ⇧
program Shift + (#) where "#" is
window of
the position of the
the pinned
program on the
program
Windows Taskbar
on the
(Windows 7 and
taskbar (if
Windows 8.1)
program
is already
opened)
Focus the ⊞ Win + T , you
first can ←→ back and
taskbar
entry. forth. Hold ⇧ Shift to
Pressing cycle backwards
again will (Windows 7 and
cycle Windows 8.1)
through
them
Peek at ⊞ ⌘ Cmd + F3 or
the Win + Space (Window F11 or Move
desktop
s 7 only) mouse pointer to
Fn + ⊞ configured hot
 Win (Windows 8 and corner or active
later) screen
corner[21][22]
Bring ⊞ Win + G (Windows
gadgets to Vista,7) or ⊞
the front
of the Z- Win + Space (Vista
order and only, no cycling)
cycle
between
gadgets
External ⊞ Win + P (Windows
display 7, Windows 8 and
options Windows 10)
(mirror,
extend
desktop,
etc.)

User interface navigation (widgets and controls)

Windows macOS[notes 1] KDE GNOME

Action

Moves Tab ↹ / ⇧ Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift + Tab Tab ↹ / ⇧ Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift + Tab ↹

keyboard Shift + Tab ↹ ↹ [notes 2] Shift + Tab
focus to Ctrl + Tab ↹ / ⇧
next/previous ↹
Shift + Ctrl + Tab ↹
control
Pop up tooltip ⇧ Shift + F1 Ctrl + F1
for currently
focused
control
Show context- ⇧ Shift + F1 ⌘ Cmd + ? ⇧ ⇧ Shift + F1
sensitive help Shift + F1
for currently
focused
window or
control
Give focus to Ctrl + F6 / Alt + ⌘ Cmd + ` F6 / ⇧ Shift + F6
next/previous F6
pane
Give focus to F8
splitter bar in
paned window
Give focus to F10 or Alt ⌘ Cmd + ⇧ Shift + / , Alt F10
window's men then type command
u bar name, or
Ctrl + F2 (or Fn + Ctrl +
F2 on some
keyboards)[notes 2]
 Pop ⇧ Varies with laptop / ≣ Menu ≣ Menu or ⇧ Shift + F10
up contextual Shift + F10 or extended keyboard type;
menu for enable Mouse
currently ≣ Menu keys in Universal
selected Access,
objects then Fn + Ctrl + 5 or
(aka context
menu) Ctrl + 5 (numeric
keypad)
or Function + Ctrl + I (lapt
op)

Toggle Space Space Space Space

selected state
of focused
checkbox,
radio button,
or toggle
button
Activate ↵ Enter Space (also ↵ ↵ Enter ↵ Enter
focused Enter [notes 5] for menu
button, menu
items)
item etc.
Expand a F4 or Alt + ↓
drop-down list
Select/move to Home / E Home / End
first/last item nd
in selected
widget
Scroll selected ⇞ / ⇟ PageUp / Ctrl + PageUp
view by one /
page (or Fn + ↑ / Fn + ↓ on
PageDown / Ctrl + Page
up/left/down/ri some keyboards)
ght Down
Scroll selected ↖ or on MacBook
view to
top/bottom Pro Fn + ⌥ Opt + ↖
↘ or on MacBook
Pro Fn + ⌥ Opt + ↘
Switch focus Ctrl + Tab ↹ Ctrl + Tab ↹ / Ctrl + Tab ↹ ->
to the
next/previous ⌘ Cmd + ` Ctrl + ⇧ Shift + Tab ↹ <-
tab within a
window
Switch focus Ctrl + Alt + Tab ↹ / ⇧
to the Shift + Ctrl + Alt + Tab ↹
next/previous
panel on the
desktop
Switch focus Ctrl + Alt + Esc /
to the
next/previous ⇧ Shift + Ctrl + Alt + Esc
panel (without
dialog)
Command line shortcuts

Below is a list of common keyboard shortcuts that are used in a command line environment.
Microsoft Windows Microsoft Unix & -like, Unix & -like
Action (cmd.exe) Windows including macOS (POSIX shell)
(Windows PowerS (bash)
hell)
Scroll through ↑/↓ ↑/↓ ↑ / ↓ or Ctrl + P / Ct ESC K / ES
History of typed rl + N C J
commands
Signal end-of-file Ctrl + Z Ctrl + D
Abort current Ctrl + C Ctrl + C Ctrl + C Ctrl + C
command/typing
Erase word to Ctrl + ← Backspace Ctrl + ← Ctrl + W or Esc +
the left Backspace ← Backspace
Erase word to Ctrl + Delete Ctrl + Delete Alt + D
the right
Erase line to the Ctrl + Home Ctrl + Home Ctrl + U
left
Erase line to the Ctrl + End Ctrl + End Ctrl + K
right
Yank/paste Ctrl + Y
previously
erased string
Move one word Ctrl + ← Ctrl + ← Alt + B
to the left
(backward)
Move one word Ctrl + → Ctrl + → Alt + F
to the right
(forward)
Move to Home Home Ctrl + A
beginning of line

or Home

Move to end of End End Ctrl + E

line

or End

Reverse search F8 F8 Ctrl + R

of history
Pause execution Ctrl + Z
of the current job
Insert the next Ctrl + V
character typed
verbatim
Autocomplete Tab ↹ (enabled by Tab ↹ Tab ↹ (usually Esc (usually
command/file default in Windows once) twice)
name XP and later)
 Paste contents Alt + Space then E th Ctrl + V ⇧ Shift + Ins
of clipboard at cu en P
rsor
Scroll window up ⇧ PageUp ⇧ Shift + PageUp
Shift + PageUp (may
not work in some
versions of Windows
XP)
Scroll window ⇧ PageDown ⇧
down Shift + PageDown (ma Shift + PageDown
y not work in some
versions of Windows
XP)
Clear screen

Accessibility

In Windows, it is possible to disable these shortcuts using the Accessibility or Ease of Access control
panel.
In GNOME, these shortcuts are possible, if Universal Access is enabled on the system.

Windows macOS KDE GNOME

Action

Utility ⊞ Win + U
Manager
Use Left Alt + Left [23]
keyboard Shift + Numlock
to control
cursor
Allow user ⇧ Shift press 5 ⇧ Shift 5 times[24]
to press times
shortcuts
one key at
a time
Hear beep Numlock hold
when - 5 seconds
lock key
pressed
Stop/slow Right ⇧ Shift hold for 8
repeating Shift hold 8 seconds[25][26][27]
characters
seconds
when key
is pressed
Inverse Left Alt + Left ⌘ Cmd + ⌥ Meta + ⇧
(Reverse Shift + PrtScn Opt + Ctrl + 8 Shift + i (if
Colors)
enabled)
Mode
 Inverse Meta + ⇧
(Reverse Shift + u (if
Colors)
enabled)
Mode
(Only
current
window)
Greyscale Ctrl + ⊞
Mode Win + C