CADANGAN MEMBINA SATU BLOK BANGUNAN SERBAGUNA 4

TINGKAT DI ATAS LOT PTD 7228 H.S.(D) 8134 (BIL. 1), JALAN ROTAN
AKAR, TAMAN SRI JAYA, MUKIM SIMPANG KANAN, DAERAH BATU
PAHAT, JOHOR DARUL TAKZIM, MALAYSIA.

1.0 Objective

To check the adequacy of open space provided in the overall layout plan to act as
a landscape detention area for storm water.

2.0 Introduction

The purpose of the report is to propose a storm water management option for the
layout plan approval four storey of multipurpose building at Batu Pahat, Johor.

3.0 Cactchment

The proposed development is located at Lot PTD 7228 H.S.(D) 8134 (Bil. 1), Jalan
Rotan Akar, Taman Sri Jaya, Mukim Simpang Kanan, Daerah Batu Pahat, Johor
Darul Takzim. The land area of the development is about 0.83 acres.

4.0 Existing catchment condition

The existing site is grown with the tree and slope area with connect with an existing
road at approximately RL = 50m. This site is proposed to be cut and little fill of
the site. The access to the site will generally be at about the same level of the
existing main road.
5.0 Proposed development

The size is providing only 1 unit. The central sewage treatment plant reserve done
by ASALA Consulting Engineers approved with JPP.
6.0 Storm water management practice

As outline in the urban storm water management manual, storm water flow rates
after development should approximately equals to the pre-development conditions.
As such we proposed that the additional runoff after development shall be directed
to a suitable detention facility for this purpose. As the total land area of the
development is about 0.83 acres, used retention pond done by ASALA Consulting
Engineers approve with JPP.

7.0 Hydrological calculation

Hydrological criteria:
The basic principles of storm water design rely on surface impermeability and
intensities of storms. The surface drain was design to cater 10 years ARI as given
in Table 4.1 of Volume 2 ‘Urban Storm Water Management for Malaysia
(MASMA)’. The peak discharges of storm water runoff were determine based on
the Rational Method and Time Area Method used for catchment area.

Computation of Storm Water Runoff:

The Rational Formula was used to determine the storm water runoff. Experience
has shown that Rational Formula can provide satisfactory estimates of peak
discharge on small catchments of up to 80 hectares. The Rational Formula is as
follow:

CIA
Qp 
360
Where,
Qp = year ARI peak flow (m3/s)
I = year ARI average rainfall intensity over time of
concentration, tc (mm/hr)
A = drainage area (ha)
C = dimensionless runoff coefficient

Overland Flow Time (t0):

The time required for the runoff to flow over the ground surface to the nearest drain
to the point under consideration,

107.n.L1 / 3
tc 
S1 / 2
Where,
t0 - overland sheet flow travel time (minutes)
n - Manning’s roughness value for the surface
L - Overland sheet flow path length (m)
S - slope of overland surface (%)

Drainage Flow Time (td):

The time of flow in the drain to the point under consideration,

Ld
td 
V

Where,
td - time of flow in the drain (minutes)
Ld - drain length (m)
V - average drain velocity (m/s)
Time of concentration:
The time of concentration is the time required for the water to flow from the most
remote of catchments to the point under consideration,

tc = to + td

Rainfall Intensity (I):

The rainfall intensity is the average rainfall intensity over duration equal to the
time of concentration for the catchments,

ln(RIT) = a + b ln (t) + c (ln (t))2 + d (ln (t))3 for 15min < t < 72hours

Where,
R
IT - the average rainfall intensity (mm/hr) for ARI snd
duration t
R - average return interval, ARI (years)
T - duration (minutes)

a to d are fitting constants dependent on ARI which is extracted from

Appendix13.A in volume 4 of “MASMA”

Short Duration Storms:

To derive the design rainfall intensities for durations down to a lower limit of 30
minutes, the equation below should be used,

Pd = P30 – FD(P60 – P30)

Where,
Pd - the design rainfall depth for a short duration (min)
FD - the adjustment factor for storm duration and is obtained
from Table 13.3, which is to be used together with
figure 13.3

P30, P60 are the 30-minutes 60-minutes duration rainfall depth respectively
 Note: if intensity is required, the depth Pd (mm) is converted to intensity, 1 (mm)
driving by the duration in hours:

Pd
I
D

Runoff Coefficient, C:
The runoff coefficient, C is a function of the ground cover and a host of other
hydrologic abstractions. Recommended runoff coefficient values for rainfall
intensities, I may be obtained from Design Chart 14.3 (urban area) or 14.4 (rural
areas), respectively in Volume 5 of “MASMA”.

For composite land uses, an average C may be calculated by the formula below:

A1C1  A2C 2  ...  AnCn

Cavg =
A

Where,
Cavg is the composite runoff coefficient A1, A2,…An are areas, each of relatively
uniform land use or surface character, comprising the total area A.

8.0 Hydraulic calculation

Hydraulic Criteria:
The drain was designed as open channel and Manning’s formula was used to
determine capacity of the drain.

 Minimum velocity adopted is 1.0m/s – to allow for self-cleansing.

 Minimum velocity adopted is 3.0m/s-to prevent scouring
Sizing of Drain:
The culverts and drains were designed as open channel. The channel sizes were
determined using the Manning’s formula of open channel flow based on limitation
on the velocity as follows:

a) Manning’s Formula
1
Q = AR2 / 3S 1 / 2 also V  Q / A
n
Where,
Q - the discharge (m/s3)
v - velocity (m/s)
n - Manning roughness coefficient
P - the wetted perimeter (m)
A - cross sectional area of channel (m2)
R - hydraulic radius (m)
S - bed slope channel

b) Velocity

Lined Channels:
Maximum velocity – 4.0 m/s
Minimum velocity – 06 m/s

The slope of the roadside drains will follow the road gradient (profile), if
the velocity is more than 4.0 m/s, the drain will be cascaded with a slope
of 1:200.