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This report presents the structural analysis and design calculation of the Thickened Sludge
Sump, a liquid retaining structure located at the Area 3 of the project lot, adjacent to the
left of the Biological Tank and between the Gravity Belt Thickening and the Sludge
Handling facilities.
The structural system of the Thickened Sludge Sump is supported by a mat foundation
with bottom of footing located at a depth of 4.5m from E.G.L. The main frame is composed
of walls, slab and mat foundation, while secondary members are composed of beams.
Herein are the design criteria applicable to the tank structure, structure information and
design calculations.
Key Plan
The provisions of the following codes standards and references would be used for the project.
a. NSCP 2015 C101-15: National Structural Code of the Philippines, 7th Edition
Volume I – Buildings, Towers, and Other Vertical Structure
b. ACI 318-14M: American Concrete Institute -Building Code Requirements for Structural
Concrete and Commentary
d. ACI 350.3-06 : American Concrete Institute -Seismic Design For Liquid Containing
Structures
h. MWSI Bidding Documents : Design and Construction of 88 MLD Las Pinas Water
Reclamation Facility ( Contract Number WW-17-WRF-01)
A. Concrete
The following concrete grades as shown below will be adopted with minimum
compressive strength after 28 days (f’c) of:
Tank Facilities:
Mat foundations, walls, columns, beams, suspended
slabs, and all other elements of liquid-containing 35 MPa (5,000 psi)
facilities.
Lean Concrete 10 MPa (1,450 psi)
Cement shall conform to the requirements of ASTM Type I for general structures and Type
II (MH) for water-retaining structures (sulphate-resistant) in accordance with ASTM C150
requirements or approved equal.
B. Reinforcing bars:
All reinforcement used in the design shall conform to ASTM A706 (PNS 49) and must have
the following minimum yield strengths (Fy):
• Hot-rolled shapes and plates shall conform to ASTM A36 (Grade 36) with the
parameters below:
• Cold formed material shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A500 (Grade A)
with the following parameters:
Welding procedure and material shall conform to AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code.
Welding electrode shall be E70XX.
The dynamic weight of equipment which was provided by UEM are idealized as SDL. In
the absence thereof, static weight is used in the analysis.
Live Load shall include all gravity loads that are generally considered to be transient or
non-permanent, such as stored product, movable partitions, furniture, and people.
All structures shall be designed to withstand the effect of vertical pressure (as overburden
weight of soil as described in Section 4.1.2A) and Lateral Earth Pressure (pressure of soil
exerted in horizontal direction. Lateral earth pressure can either be static or dynamic earth
pressure. The following explains the static earth pressure for yielding walls (active and
passive), and for non-yielding walls (at rest condition).
In general, Coulumb’s Equation shall be used in computing for the active and passive
earth pressure for yielding walls. The active state occurs when a retained soil mass is
allowed to relax or deform laterally and outward (away from the soil mass) with the
equation:
Pa = γs x ka x H;
where:
Pa: active earth pressure acting per meter length of wall, kN/m.
γs: 18.50 kN/m3.
ka: active earth pressure coefficient, dimensionless.
H: height of soil, m.
ø: 17°
α: wall inclination with respect to horizontal, degrees.
δ: 16.7°
β: backfill inclination, degrees.
For vertical wall with flat backfill (α = 90° and β = 0) and if the wall friction is ignored
(δ = 0°) , the active earth pressure coefficient can be simplified to:
2. Surcharge Load
where:
𝑊 𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑃𝐸 = 𝑚𝑎 = 𝑎=𝑊 = 𝑘ℎ 𝑊
𝑔 𝑔
where:
PE: horizontal pseudostatic force acting upon the retaining wall, kN.
m: total mass of active wedge, kg, which is equal to W/g.
a: acceleration, which in this case is maximum horizontal
acceleration at ground surface caused by the earthquake
(a = amax)
m: total mass of active wedge, kg, which is equal to W/g.
kh: pseudostatic coefficient (dimensionless)
= PGA 0.62 as per MWSI initial Geotechnical Inverstigation
Report and to be verified upon finalizationn of MUL’s Geotechnical
Investigation Report.
From the preceding equation, the weight of the active wedge (W) can be determined
by the following formula:
1 1 𝜙 1
𝑊 = 𝐻𝐿𝛾𝑡 = 𝐻 [𝐻 tan(45° − )] 𝛾𝑡 = 𝑘𝑎 0.5 𝐻2 𝛾𝑡
2 2 2 2
where:
W: weight of the active wedge, KN per unit length of wall.
H: height of the retaining wall (m).
L: length of active wedge at top of retaining wall. (m).
γ T: total unit weight of the backfill soil (Refer to Table 16), kN/m3.
Wind Parameters:
Height above
Exposure
ground level, z
(m) B C D
0 – 4.5 0.57 0.85 1.03
Figure below shows the project site location on the velocity contour map.
In determining the design wind pressure of all structures, it is necessary to classify each
structure based on the following categories and its corresponding criteria:
1. Other structures
The design wind force (F) for other structures (chimneys, tanks, rooftop, equipment for h >
60 ft (18.3 m), and similar structures, open signs, lattice frameworks, and trussed towers)
shall be determined by the following equation:
F= (P=qzGCf) * Af (kN)
where:
qz: velocity pressure evaluated at height z as defined Section 207D.3,
of the centroid of area Af, kN/m2.
G: gust-effect factor from Section 207A.9
Cf: net force coefficient from Figures 207D.5-1 through 207D.5-3.
The lateral force Fh on rooftop structures and equipment located on buildings with a mean
roof height h ≤ 18 m shall be determined as follows:
where:
qh: velocity pressure evaluated at mean roof height of the building,
kN/m2.
(GCr): =1.9 for rooftop structures and equipment with Af less than (0.1Bh)
=shall be permitted to be reduced linearly from 1.9 to 1.0 as the
value of Af is increased from (0.1Bh) to (Bh).
where:
Ar: horizontal projected area of the rooftop structure or equipment,
m2.
(GCr): =1.5 for rooftop structures and equipment with Ar less than (0.1BL)
=shall be permitted to be reduced linearly from 1.5 to 1.0 as the
value of Ar is increased from (0.1Bh) to (Bh).
Employer’s requirement:
Note:
(1) Initial consideration of Site class had been taken from MWSI
Preliminary Geotechnical Investigation Report and is subject for
validation via MUL’s separate Geotechnical Investigation.
Site Specific Design Response Spectrum for buildings and tank facilities shall be discussed
on Sections 4.2.1B and 4.3.1C respectively.
E = Eh + Ev 5.10.2a
E = Eh - Ev 5.10.2b
where:
Eh = ρQE 5.10.2c
where:
QE: effects of horizontal seismic forces from V or Fp, kN.
ρ: redundancy factor
Ev = 0.2SDSD 5.10.2d
where:
SDS: design spectral response acceleration parameter at short periods
= (2/3) Ss Fa
D: effect of Dead load
Em = Emh + Ev 5.10.2e
Em = Emh - Ev 5.10.2f
where:
Em: seismic load effect including over strength factor
Emh: effect of horizontal seismic forces including over strength factor
Ev: vertical seismic load effect
Emh: ΩoQE
Ωo: seismic force amplification factor, which is required to account for
structural over-strength and set forth in Table 208-11.
Exceptions:
The vertical seismic load effect, Ev, is permitted to be taken as zero for either of the
following conditions:
a. In Eqs. 5.10.2a, 5.10.2b, 5.10.2e, and 5.10.2f where SDS is equal to or less
than 0.125.
where:
V: seismic base shear, kN.
Cs: the seismic response coefficient
W: the effective seismic weight, kN
𝑆𝐷1
𝐶𝑠= 𝑅 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑇 ≤ 𝑇𝐿
𝑇( )
𝐼𝑒
𝑆𝐷1 𝑇𝐿
𝐶𝑠 = 𝑅
𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑇 > 𝑇𝐿
𝑇2 ( )
𝐼𝑒
In addition, for structures located where S1 is equal to or greater than 0.6g, Cs shall
not be less than
Cs = 0.5S1/(R/Ie)
where:
SD1: the design spectral response acceleration parameter at a period
of 1.0 s
T: the fundamental period of the structure(s)
TL: long-period transition period(s)
S1: the mapped maximum considered earthquake spectral response
acceleration parameter
SDS: the design spectral response acceleration parameter in the short
period
R: the response modification factor in Table 12.2-1 of ASCE 7-10
Ie: Importance Factor
where:
ap: component amplification factor that varies from 1.00 to 2.50
(see Table 13.5-1 or 13.6-1).
Ip: component important factor that varies from 1.00 to 1.50
(see Section 13.1.3).
W p: component operating weight, kN .
Rp: component response modification factor that varies from 1.00 to
12 (see Table 13.5-1 or 13.6-1).
z: height in structure of point of attachment of component with
respect to the base, m. The value of z/h need not exceed 1.0.
= 0 (for items at or below base)
h: average roof height of structure with respect to the base, m.
In addition, the component shall be designed for a concurrent vertical force ±0.2SDSW p.
The redundancy factor, ρ, is permitted to be taken equal to 1.0 and the overstrength
factor, Ωo, does not apply. For all other components, cranes and other equipment that
requires impact load consideration, refer to Section 4.4.1.
H. Special Loadings
Gravity (Dead, Live and Equipment Loads) and Wind Loads (if elevated or partially buried to
ground) considerations are similar with the basic design loadings as specified in Section 4.1.2.
Other than the basic loadings, the following special loads are particularly described herewith:
where:
F: hydrostatic load per meter length of wall, kN/m per meter length.
SGL: specific gravity of contained liquid, dimensionless.
γW: density of water, (10.30 kN/m3)
hw: design depth of stored liquid and or water, (m)
The dynamic forces on the leading half of the tank will be additive to the hydrostatic force
on the wall, and the dynamic force on the trailing half of the tank will reduce the effects of
the hydrostatic force on the wall. Subsequently, the dynamic base pressure is distributed
unto the base of the tank as shown below.
The hydrodynamic force as shown in Figure 14 at any given height y from the base shall
be determined by:
Where applicable, the effect of the dynamic earth and groundwater pressures against the
buried portion of the walls shall be included.
where:
Figure 14: Wall impulsive pressure, convective pressures and inertia unit force
Bending moment on the entire tank cross section just above the base of the tank wall (EBP)
which is used in determining the design pressure acting on wall shall be as follows:
Mw: bending moment of the entire tank cross section just above the
base of the tank wall due to the wall inertia force Pw, kN-m.
Mr: bending moment of the entire tank cross section just above the
base of the tank wall due to the roof inertia force Pr, kN-m.
Mi: bending moment of the entire tank cross section just above the
base of tank wall due to the impulsive force Pi, kN-m.
Mc: bending moment of the entire tank cross section just above the
base of the tank wall due to the convective force Pc, kN-m.
Mb: bending moment on the entire tank cross section just above the
base of the tank wall, kN-m.
hw: height from the base of the wall to the center of gravity of the tank
shell, m.
hr: height from the base of the wall to the center of gravity of the tank
roof, m.
hi: height from the base of the wall to the center of gravity of the
impulsive lateral force for the case excluding base pressure, m.
hc: height from the base of the wall to the center of gravity of the
convective lateral force for the case excluding base pressure, m.
On the other hand, overturning moment at the base of the tank, including the tank bottom
and supporting structure (IBP) is used to determine the design pressure acting on the tank
floor and the underlying foundation and is also used in the stability requirements for tanks
(e.g. sliding, overturning) shall be computed based on the following formula:
where:
Mc′: overturning moment at the base of the tank, including the tank
bottom and supporting structure, due to the convective force Pc,
kN-m.
Mo: overturning moment at the base of the tank, including the tank
bottom and supporting structure, kN-m.
hi': height from the base of the wall to the center of gravity of the
impulsive lateral force for the case including base pressure, m.
hc': height from the base of the wall to the center of gravity of the
convective lateral force for the case including base pressure, m.
In addition to the general considerations for earthquake loads design in Section 4.1.2 (H),
the following site-specific seismic parameters for the design response spectra based on
the Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE) as defined in MWSI bidding documents
under Section 16.2 “Seismic Analysis” shall be as follows:
PLAN
SECTION B
Note: The details shown only focus on illustrating the sizing requirements of the tank and to show
the placement of mechanical parts and equipment. The represented structural members may not
necessarily reflect the actual structural sizing.
4.1 GEOMETRY
NOTE: STAAD support condition with a subgrade modulus of 17674.8 kN/m³ is derived from
multiplying the allowable bearing capacity for BH-14 at a depth of 1.5m, of 147.29 kPa by a factor
of 120.
4.1.1 PLANS
TRANSVERSE SECTION
LONGITUDINAL SECTION
S1
FTG
MAT ELEMENTS
W2
W1
W4
WALL ELEMENTS
B2 B4
B1
FW
SECONDARY ELEMENTS
B4
B1
B4
B1
B1 B4
Structural elements such as beams, slab, walls and footing included in the STAAD 3D Model are
considered self-weight of the structure.
The load shown above is applied to all of the members and elements in the STAAD model.
Superimposed loads are additional dead loads besides elements included in the physical model. In
summary, the following shall be considered:
Sand Fill
FOUNDATION LEVEL
Loads:
1. Sand Fill 14.10 kN/m³ x (7.25 – 3.00 – 4.50 - 0.500) = 27.50 kPa
2. Overburden Soil 18.50 kN/m³ x (8.751 – 4.50 – 0.50) = 69.39 kPa
Cover
TOC Level
Loads:
1. Cover - 50 kg/m² (0.49 kPa)
2. Handrail - 3.14/4 (.05² x 1.2 + .035² x 1.2 + .05² x .85 x 2) = 0.00685 m³
0.00685 m³ x 77 kN/m³ = 0.527 kN
0.527 kN / 1.2 m = 0.439 kN/m
3. Stairs
Overburden Soil =
69.39 kPa
Sand Fill =
27.50 kPa
Foundation Level
0.613 kN/m
1.226 kN/m
1.226 kN/m
1.226 kN/m
0.439 kN/m
1.226 kN/m
8.845 kN
33.966 kN
0.613 kN/m
TOC Level
Loads:
1. Deck - 4.8 kPa
2. Stairs
Support reactions from from a separate stair model in STAAD is used as an additional live load.
where:
unit weight of soil, γs = 18.50 kN/m3
height of active soil, Ha = 3.55 m
soil angle of internal friction, Ø = 30º
wall inclination with respect to horizontal,
α= 90º
wall friction angle, δ = 17º (for smooth vertical wall, δ=0)
Slope of Soil Surface, β = 0º
Static Active Earth Pressure, PA = 19.68 kN/m per meter strip of wall
where:
unit weight of soil, γs = 18.50 kN/m3
height of passive soil, Hp = 3.55 m
soil angle of internal friction, Ø = 30º
wall inclination with respect to horizontal,
α= 90º
wall friction angle, δ = 17º (for smooth vertical wall, δ=0)
Slope of Soil Surface, β = 0º
Static Passive Earth Pressure, PP = 349.42 kN/m per meter strip of wall
- Non-Yielding Walls:
;
where:
unit weight of soil, γs = 18.50 kN/m3
height of soil, Ho = 3.55 m
soil angle of internal friction, Ø = 30º
earth pressure coefficient at rest condition, ko
= 0.50
Static Earth Pressure at rest condition,
PO = 32.84 kN/m per meter strip of wall
FGL FGL
- Yielding Walls
where:
Ground surcharge live load (vertical), Q = 12.00 kPa
active earth pressure coefficient, ka = 0.30
- Non-Yielding Walls
where:
Ground surcharge live load (vertical), Q = 12.00 kPa
earth pressure coefficient at rest condition, ko = 0.50
- Non-Yielding Walls
where:
total unit weight of the backfill soil, γT = 18.50 kN/m3
height of soil, H = 3.55 m
pseudostatic coefficient, kh = 0.62 ≈ Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) based on MWSI bid docs
active earth pressure coefficient, ka = 0.30
Alternatively, PE can also be converted into linearly varying load (PEo) and shall be as follows;
where:
unit weight of soil, γs = 18.50 kN/m3
height of active soil, Ha = 3.55 m
soil angle of internal friction, Ø = 30º
wall inclination with respect to horizontal,
α= 90º
wall friction angle, δ = 17º (for smooth vertical wall, δ=0)
Slope of Soil Surface, β = 0º
Static Active Earth Pressure, PA = 19.68 kN/m per meter strip of wall
where:
unit weight of soil, γs = 18.50 kN/m3
height of passive soil, Hp = 3.55 m
soil angle of internal friction, Ø = 30º
wall inclination with respect to horizontal,
α= 90º
wall friction angle, δ = 17º (for smooth vertical wall, δ=0)
Slope of Soil Surface, β = 0º
Static Passive Earth Pressure, PP = 349.42 kN/m per meter strip of wall
FGL FGL
- Yielding Walls
where:
Ground surcharge live load (vertical), Q = 4.80 kPa
active earth pressure coefficient, ka = 0.30
- Non-Yielding Walls
where:
Ground surcharge live load (vertical), Q = 4.80 kPa
earth pressure coefficient at rest condition, ko = 0.50
- Non-Yielding Walls
where:
total unit weight of the backfill soil, γT = 18.50 kN/m3
height of soil, H = 3.55 m
pseudostatic coefficient, kh = 0.62 ≈ Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) based on MWSI bid docs
active earth pressure coefficient, ka = 0.30
Alternatively, PE can also be converted into linearly varying load (PEo) and shall be as follows;
- Non-Yielding Walls:
;
where:
unit weight of soil, γs = 18.50 kN/m3
height of soil, Ho = 3.55 m
soil angle of internal friction, Ø = 30º
earth pressure coefficient at rest
condition, ko = 0.50
Static Earth Pressure at rest
condition, PO = 32.84 kN/m per meter strip of wall
-HX STATIC
-HY STATIC
-HX (DYNAMIC)
-HY (DYNAMIC)
- General Formula:
F = P x Af (kN)
where:
P = qz x G x Cf , but P > 0.77 kN/m2
Wind Parameters:
Occupancy Category = Type I (Essential Facility)
Exposure Category = C
Velocity pressure evaluated at height z, qz = 0.613 x Kz x Kzt x Kd x V2 (N/m2)
Basic Wind Speed, V = 270 kph
≈ 75 m/s
height of tank above ground level, z = 3.00 m
Velocity Pressure Exposure, Kz = 0.850
Topographic Factor, Kzt = 1.00
Wind Directionality Factor, Kd = 0.85 as per Table 207A.6-1
h/D = 0.28
Net force coefficient, Cf = 1.30
Figure 207D.5-1
h/D
Cross-Section Type of Structure
1 7 25
Square (wind normal to face) All 1.3 1.4 2.0
Square (wind along diagonal) All 1.0 1.1 1.5
Hexagonal or Octagonal All 1.0 1.2 1.4
Round (D √qz > 2.5) Moderately Smooth 0.5 0.6 0.7
Rough (D'/D = 0.02) 0.7 0.8 0.9
(D √qz > 5.3, D in m, qz in N/m2)
Very Rough (D'/D = 0.08) 0.8 1.0 1.2
Round (D √qz ≤ 2.5)
All 0.7 0.8 1.2
(D √qz ≤ 5.3, D in m, qz in N/m2)
- General Formula:
F = P x Af (kN)
where:
P = qz x G x Cf , but P > 0.77 kN/m2
Wind Parameters:
Occupancy Category = Type I (Essential Facility)
Exposure Category = C
Velocity pressure evaluated at height z, qz = 0.613 x Kz x Kzt x Kd x V2 (N/m2)
Basic Wind Speed, V = 270 kph
≈ 75 m/s
height of tank above ground level, z = 3.00 m
Velocity Pressure Exposure, Kz = 0.850
Topographic Factor, Kzt = 1.00
Wind Directionality Factor, Kd = 0.85 as per Table 207A.6-1
h/D = 0.20
Net force coefficient, Cf = 1.30
Figure 207D.5-1
h/D
Cross-Section Type of Structure
1 7 25
Square (wind normal to face) All 1.3 1.4 2.0
Square (wind along diagonal) All 1.0 1.1 1.5
Hexagonal or Octagonal All 1.0 1.2 1.4
Round (D √qz > 2.5) Moderately Smooth 0.5 0.6 0.7
Rough (D'/D = 0.02) 0.7 0.8 0.9
(D √qz > 5.3, D in m, qz in N/m2)
Very Rough (D'/D = 0.08) 0.8 1.0 1.2
Round (D √qz ≤ 2.5)
All 0.7 0.8 1.2
(D √qz ≤ 5.3, D in m, qz in N/m2)
(N)
Wind Parameters:
Velocity pressure evaluated at height h, qh = 0.613 x Kz x Kzt x Kd x V2 (N/m2)
Basic Wind Speed, V = 270 kph
≈ 75 m/s
mean roof height of the building, h = 3.00 m
Velocity Pressure Exposure, Kz = 0.900
Topographic Factor, Kzt = 1.00
Wind Directionality Factor, Kd = 0.90 as per Table 207A.6-1
(GCr) = 1.21
(N)
Wind Parameters:
horizontal dimension of building/
tank parallel to wind direction, L = 14.80 m
length of equipment, l = 1.54 m
width of equipment, b = 3.30 m
horizontal projected area of the
rooftop structure or equipment, Ar = 5.08 m2
(GCr) = 1.50
(N)
Wind Parameters:
Velocity pressure evaluated at height h, qh = 0.613 x Kz x Kzt x Kd x V2 (N/m2)
Basic Wind Speed, V = 270 kph
≈ 75 m/s
mean roof height of the building, h = 3.00 m
Velocity Pressure Exposure, Kz = 0.900
Topographic Factor, Kzt = 1.00
Wind Directionality Factor, Kd = 0.90 as per Table 207A.6-1
(GCr) = 1.00
(N)
Wind Parameters:
horizontal dimension of building/
tank parallel to wind direction, L = 10.80 m
length of equipment, l = 3.30 m
width of equipment, b = 1.54 m
horizontal projected area of the
rooftop structure or equipment, Ar = 5.08 m2
(GCr) = 1.50
(N)
Wind Parameters:
Velocity pressure evaluated at height h, qh = 0.613 x Kz x Kzt x Kd x V2 (N/m2)
Basic Wind Speed, V = 270 kph
≈ 75 m/s
mean roof height of the building, h = 3.00 m
Velocity Pressure Exposure, Kz = 0.900
Topographic Factor, Kzt = 1.00
Wind Directionality Factor, Kd = 0.90 as per Table 207A.6-1
(GCr) = 1.90
(N)
Wind Parameters:
horizontal dimension of building/
tank parallel to wind direction, L = 14.80 m
length of equipment, l = 0.11 m
width of equipment, b = 0.11 m
horizontal projected area of the
rooftop structure or equipment, Ar = 0.01 m2
(GCr) = 1.50
(N)
Wind Parameters:
Velocity pressure evaluated at height h, qh = 0.613 x Kz x Kzt x Kd x V2 (N/m2)
Basic Wind Speed, V = 270 kph
≈ 75 m/s
mean roof height of the building, h = 3.00 m
Velocity Pressure Exposure, Kz = 0.900
Topographic Factor, Kzt = 1.00
Wind Directionality Factor, Kd = 0.90 as per Table 207A.6-1
(GCr) = 1.90
(N)
Wind Parameters:
horizontal dimension of building/
tank parallel to wind direction, L = 10.80 m
length of equipment, l = 0.11 m
width of equipment, b = 0.11 m
horizontal projected area of the
rooftop structure or equipment, Ar = 0.01 m2
(GCr) = 1.50
-WX
-WY
RECTANGULARForces
Hydrodynamic TANKS (based on ACI 350.3.06
in X-Direction - Seismic Design of Liquid Containing Structures)
Calculation
RECTANGULAR TANKS (based on ACI 350.3.06 - Seismic Design of Liquid Containing Structures)
1) PARAMETERS:
f'c = 35 Mpa
1) PARAMETERS:
Density of Reinforced Conrete, γ = c 24 kN/m3
Density of water, γw = 9.81 kN/m3
f'c = 35 Mpa
specific weight of liquid, γL = 1.07 3
Density of Reinforced Conrete, γc = 24 kN/m
Wall thickness @ top, tw = 400 mm
Density of water, γw = 9.81 kN/m3
Wall thickness
specific weight of liquid, @
γL bottom,
= tw = 400 mm
1.07
Wall
Wall thickness @ top, tw = height, H W =
400 6.75
mm m
design depth of stored
Wall thickness @ bottom, t = liquid, H L =
400 4
mm m
w
Inside length of
Wall height, HWrec.
= tank,6.75
L= m14 m
design depth ofInside
storedlength
liquid,ofHrec.
= tank, B4 =
L m10 m
Inside length of rec. tank, L = 14 m
Inside length of rec. tank, B = Factor,10
Importance I= m
1.50
mass per unit width of tank wall, mw = 6.61 kg/m (Note; for tapered wall, trapezoidal area is
considered in the formula)
flexural stiffness of a unit width of wall, k = 37345.970 N/m (Note; for tapered wall, tw is taken as average of
the top and bottom thickness)
coefficient, λ = 4.716
Ts = SD1/SDS = 0.40 s
Ti = 0.13 s
Ts = 0.40 s
Tc = 4.98 s
if Ti <= Ts, SaM shall be taken as the spectral acceleration obtained from the site
specific spectral period at 0.2 seconds, except that it shall not be taken as 90% of the
spectral at any period larger than 0.2 seconds.
ScM shall be taken as 150% of the spectral acceleration corresponding to Tc, except
that when a 0.5% damped, site-specific horizontal response spectrum is available,
ScM shall be equal to the spectral response acceleration from that spectrum
corresponding to TC.
Ci = 1.07
Cc = but must be not less than 80% of the corresponding
0.14
Ct = values from seismic response coefficient from c)
1.07
3) HYDRODYNAMIC LATERAL FORCES PER METER STRIP (EXCLUDING BASE PRESSURE, EBP)
where;
Importance Factor, I = 1.50
Effective mass coefficient, ε = 0.54
Response Modification Factor, Ri = 3.00
period-dependent seismic response
coefficient, Ci = 1.07
W'w = 1296.00 kN
P'w = 372.22 kN
where;
Importance Factor, I = 1.50
Response Modification Factor, Ri = 3.00
period-dependent seismic response
coefficient, Ci = 1.07
troof/deck = 0.30 mm
Wr = 1.01 kN
Pr = 0.54 kN
where;
Importance Factor, I = 1.50
period-dependent seismic response
coefficient, Ci = 1.07
Response Modification Factor, Ri = 3.00
total equivalent weight of stored liquid, W L = 5878.15 kN
Pi = 1030.15 kN
where;
Importance Factor, I = 1.50
Response Modification Factor, Rc = 1.00
period-dependent seismic response
coefficient, Cc = 0.14
total equivalent weight of stored liquid, W L = 5878.15 kN
Pc = 809.97 kN
dmax = 1.45 m
8.b) Bending Moment on the entire tank cross section just above the base of the tank wall (EBP)
where:
= 62.81 kN-m per meter strip
8.c) Overturning moment at the base of the tank, including the tank bottom and supporting structure (IBP)
where:
= 287.94 kN-m per meter strip
WRC
Mnet
Rc = = 29.27 kN per meter strip
(2L/3)
WRC
Resultant Couple, Rc
Linear approximation Therefore:
L = 14 m
RECTANGULAR TANKS (based on ACI 350.3.06 - Seismic Design of Liquid Containing Structures)
1) PARAMETERS:
f'c = 35 Mpa
Density of Reinforced Conrete, γc = 24 kN/m3
1) PARAMETERS: Density of water, γ = 9.81 kN/m3
w
mass per unit width of tank wall, mw = 6.61 kg/m (Note; for tapered wall, trapezoidal area is
considered in the formula)
flexural stiffness of a unit width of wall, k = 36864.229 N/m (Note; for tapered wall, tw is taken as average of
the top and bottom thickness)
coefficient, λ = 5.139
Ts = SD1/SDS = 0.40 s
Ti = 0.13 s
Ts = 0.40 s
Tc = 3.87 s
if Ti <= Ts, SaM shall be taken as the spectral acceleration obtained from the site
specific spectral period at 0.2 seconds, except that it shall not be taken as 90% of the
spectral at any period larger than 0.2 seconds.
ScM shall be taken as 150% of the spectral acceleration corresponding to Tc, except
that when a 0.5% damped, site-specific horizontal response spectrum is available,
ScM shall be equal to the spectral response acceleration from that spectrum
corresponding to TC.
Ci = 1.07
Cc = but must be not less than 80% of the corresponding
0.18
Ct = values from seismic response coefficient from c)
1.07
3) HYDRODYNAMIC LATERAL FORCES PER METER STRIP (EXCLUDING BASE PRESSURE, EBP)
where;
Importance Factor, I = 1.50
Effective mass coefficient, ε = 0.64
Response Modification Factor, Ri = 3.00
period-dependent seismic response
coefficient, Ci = 1.07
W'w = 1814.40 kN
P'w = 618.13 kN
where;
Importance Factor, I = 1.50
Response Modification Factor, Ri = 3.00
period-dependent seismic response
coefficient, Ci = 1.07
troof/deck = 0.30 mm
Wr = 1.01 kN
Pr = 0.54 kN
where;
Importance Factor, I = 1.50
period-dependent seismic response
coefficient, Ci = 1.07
Response Modification Factor, Ri = 3.00
total equivalent weight of stored liquid, W L = 5878.15 kN
Pi = 1411.29 kN
where;
Importance Factor, I = 1.50
Response Modification Factor, Rc = 1.00
period-dependent seismic response
coefficient, Cc = 0.18
total equivalent weight of stored liquid, W L = 5878.15 kN
Pc = 895.68 kN
dmax = 1.35 m
8.b) Bending Moment on the entire tank cross section just above the base of the tank wall (EBP)
where:
= 74.51 kN-m per meter strip
8.c) Overturning moment at the base of the tank, including the tank bottom and supporting structure (IBP)
where:
= 198.87 kN-m per meter strip
WRC
Mnet
Rc = = 20.74 kN per meter strip
(2L/3)
WRC
Resultant Couple, Rc
Linear approximation Therefore:
L = 10 m
-EX
-EY
Temperature load of 7.30C is calculated using the higher absolute difference of the mean annual
temperature and highest recorded temperature, │28.20C - 35.40C│ = 7.20C, and mean annual
temperature and lowest recorded temperature, │28.2 - 20.90C│ = 7.30C.
SEISMIC DESIGN FORCE OF NONSTRUCTURAL COMPONENTS as per ASCE 7-10 Section 13.3.1
where:
component amplification factor, ap = 1.00
design spectral response acceleration,
5% damper, @ short period, SDS = 1.27
component operating weight, W p = 3.44 kN
component response modification factor, Rp = 2.50
component importance factor, Ip = 1.00
height in structure of point of attachment
of component with respect to the base, z = 6.75 m ( =0, for items at or below base)
average roof height of structure with respect to the base, h = 6.75 m
but;
Fpmax = 6.98 kN
Fpmin = 1.31 kN
Fpv =
Fpv = 0.87 kN
where:
component amplification factor, ap = 1.00
design spectral response acceleration,
5% damper, @ short period, SDS = 1.27
component operating weight, W p = 2.35 kN
component response modification factor, Rp = 2.50
component importance factor, Ip = 1.00
height in structure of point of attachment
of component with respect to the base, z = 6.75 m ( =0, for items at or below base)
average roof height of structure with respect to the base, h = 6.75 m
but;
Fpmax = 4.78 kN
Fpmin = 0.90 kN
Fpv =
Fpv = 0.60 kN
where:
component amplification factor, ap = 1.00
design spectral response acceleration,
5% damper, @ short period, SDS = 1.27
component operating weight, W p = 11.67 kN
component response modification factor, Rp = 2.50
component importance factor, Ip = 1.00
height in structure of point of attachment
of component with respect to the base, z = 0.00 m ( =0, for items at or below base)
average roof height of structure with respect to the base, h = 6.75 m
but;
Fpmax = 23.72 kN
Fpmin = 4.45 kN
Fpv =
Fpv = 2.97 kN
-FPX
-FPY
During normal operation, the fluid contained in the tank is waste water with a density of 10.30 kN/m³.
Normal operation is assumed to occur without any earthquake happening at the same time.
Case 2: Cell is full of water. Tank with backfill + surcharge (Normal Operation)
Case 3: Cell is full of water. Tanks with backfill + Seismic (Seismic at Operating Condition)
Case 4: Cell is full of water. Tank without backfill (Test Load Condition)
except as follows:
1. The load factor on L in Eqn. (9-3) to (9-5) shall be permitted to be reduced to 0.5 where it can be
justified that no greater than 50 percent of the design live load is expected to be present during
normal operating conditions. Reduction of the load factor shall not be permitted in areas occupied
as places of public assembly, and areas where the live load L is greater than 4.8 kN/m 2.
2. Where wind load W has not been reduced by a directionality factor, it shall be permitted to used
1.3W in place of 1.6W in Eqn. (9-4) and (9-6).
3. Where earthquake load E is based on service-level seismic forces, 1.4E shall be used in place of
1.0E in Eqn. (9-5) and (9-7).
4. The load factor on H shall be reduced to 0.6 where H reduces the effect of D, L, or F. Earth pressure
shall be permitted to be used to reduce other load effects only if investigation and analysis shows
that structure movement and soil characteristics are appropriate to develop that pressure.
5. Both the full value and the zero value of L and F shall be used in the above load combinations to
determine the most severe condition.
Alternatively, the structural elements for tanks could also be checked and designed to resist the
most critical forces using alternative load combination as shown below:
Where:
D: Dead Load
L: Live Load
W: Wind Load
E: Earthquake Load
H: Weight and pressure of soil, water in soil, or other materials
F: Weight and pressure of fluid
T: Self-straining force, temperature change, shrinkage, moisture change,
creep in component materials, movement due to differential settlement
Note:
When load combination in ACI 350-06 Section C.9.2 is used in design, Section C.9.2 and C9.3
shall replace Sections 9.2 in Chapter 9 of the code
Variations are not anymore expedited for this alternative load combination, but in the case of
application of such alterations, same policy as Section 4.3.5 shall be taken.
ID LF ID LF ID LF ID LF ID LF ID LF
***USD
G. 1.455D + 1.2F ± 1.0Ex +1.6H + 1.0L 35101 1 1.5 2 1.5 3 1.0 4 1.5
G. 1.455D + 1.2F ± 1.0Ex +1.6H + 1.0L 35102 1 1.5 2 1.5 3 1.0 4 1.5
H. 1.455D + 1.2F ± 1.0Ey +1.6H +1.0L 35103 1 1.5 2 1.5 3 1.0 4 1.5
H. 1.455D + 1.2F ± 1.0Ey +1.6H +1.0L 35104 1 1.5 2 1.5 3 1.0 4 1.5
I. 0.945D + 1.2F ± 1.0Ex +1.6H +1.0L 35105 1 0.9 2 0.9 3 1.0 4 0.9
I. 0.945D + 1.2F ± 1.0Ex +1.6H +1.0L 35106 1 0.9 2 0.9 3 1.0 4 0.9
J. 0.945D + 1.2F ± 1.0Ey +1.6H +1.0L 35107 1 0.9 2 0.9 3 1.0 4 0.9
J. 0.945D + 1.2F ± 1.0Ey +1.6H +1.0L 35108 1 0.9 2 0.9 3 1.0 4 0.9
M. 1.155D + 1.2F ± 1.0Ex + 1.6H 35109 1 1.2 2 1.2 4 1.2
M. 1.155D + 1.2F ± 1.0Ex + 1.6H 35110 1 1.2 2 1.2 4 1.2
N. 1.155D + 1.2F ± 1.0Ey + 1.6H 35111 1 1.2 2 1.2 4 1.2
N. 1.155D + 1.2F ± 1.0Ey + 1.6H 35112 1 1.2 2 1.2 4 1.2
O. 0.645D + 1.2F ± 1.0Ex + 1.6H 35113 1 0.6 2 0.6 4 0.6
O. 0.645D + 1.2F ± 1.0Ex + 1.6H 35114 1 0.6 2 0.6 4 0.6
P. 0.645D + 1.2F ± 1.0Ey + 1.6H 35115 1 0.6 2 0.6 4 0.6
P. 0.645D + 1.2F ± 1.0Ey + 1.6H 35116 1 0.6 2 0.6 4 0.6
**PATTERN LOADING 2: Cell is empty
G. 1.455D + 1.2F ± 1.0Ex +1.6H + 1.0L 35201 1 1.5 2 1.5 3 1.0 4 1.5
G. 1.455D + 1.2F ± 1.0Ex +1.6H + 1.0L 35202 1 1.5 2 1.5 3 1.0 4 1.5
H. 1.455D + 1.2F ± 1.0Ey +1.6H +1.0L 35203 1 1.5 2 1.5 3 1.0 4 1.5
H. 1.455D + 1.2F ± 1.0Ey +1.6H +1.0L 35204 1 1.5 2 1.5 3 1.0 4 1.5
I. 0.945D + 1.2F ± 1.0Ex +1.6H +1.0L 35205 1 0.9 2 0.9 3 1.0 4 0.9
I. 0.945D + 1.2F ± 1.0Ex +1.6H +1.0L 35206 1 0.9 2 0.9 3 1.0 4 0.9
J. 0.945D + 1.2F ± 1.0Ey +1.6H +1.0L 35207 1 0.9 2 0.9 3 1.0 4 0.9
J. 0.945D + 1.2F ± 1.0Ey +1.6H +1.0L 35208 1 0.9 2 0.9 3 1.0 4 0.9
M. 1.155D + 1.2F ± 1.0Ex + 1.6H 35209 1 1.2 2 1.2 4 1.2
M. 1.155D + 1.2F ± 1.0Ex + 1.6H 35210 1 1.2 2 1.2 4 1.2
N. 1.155D + 1.2F ± 1.0Ey + 1.6H 35211 1 1.2 2 1.2 4 1.2
N. 1.155D + 1.2F ± 1.0Ey + 1.6H 35212 1 1.2 2 1.2 4 1.2
O. 0.645D + 1.2F ± 1.0Ex + 1.6H 35213 1 0.6 2 0.6 4 0.6
O. 0.645D + 1.2F ± 1.0Ex + 1.6H 35214 1 0.6 2 0.6 4 0.6
P. 0.645D + 1.2F ± 1.0Ey + 1.6H 35215 1 0.6 2 0.6 4 0.6
P. 0.645D + 1.2F ± 1.0Ey + 1.6H 35216 1 0.6 2 0.6 4 0.6
*CASE 4: Cell is full of water. Tank w/o backfill (Test Load Condition)
A. 1.4(D + F) 45001 1 1.4 2 1.4 4 1.4
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) + 0.5Lr 45002 1 1.2 2 1.2 3 1.6 4 1.2 5 1.6
ID LF ID LF ID LF ID LF ID LF ID LF
***USD
A. 1.4(D + F) 15001
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 15002
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 15003
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 15004 7 1.6
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 15005 8 1.6
C. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wx 15006
C. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wx 15007
D. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wy 15008
D. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wy 15009
E. 1.2D ± 1.6Wx +1.0L + 0.5Lr 15010
E. 1.2D ± 1.6Wx +1.0L + 0.5Lr 15011
F. 1.2D ± 1.6Wy +1.0L + 0.5Lr 15012
F. 1.2D ± 1.6Wy +1.0L + 0.5Lr 15013
K. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wx + 1.6H 15014
K. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wx + 1.6H 15015
L. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wy + 1.6H 15016 7 1.6
L. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wy + 1.6H 15017 8 1.6
*CASE 2: Tank w/ backfill + surcharge (Normal Operation)
A. 1.4(D + F) 25101
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 25102
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 25103
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 25104 7 1.6
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 25105 8 1.6
C. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wx 25106
C. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wx 25107
D. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wy 25108
D. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wy 25109
E. 1.2D ± 1.6Wx +1.0L + 0.5Lr 25110
E. 1.2D ± 1.6Wx +1.0L + 0.5Lr 25111
F. 1.2D ± 1.6Wy +1.0L + 0.5Lr 25112
F. 1.2D ± 1.6Wy +1.0L + 0.5Lr 25113
K. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wx + 1.6H 25114
K. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wx + 1.6H 25115
L. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wy + 1.6H 25116 7 1.6
L. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wy + 1.6H 25117 8 1.6
*CASE 3: PATTERN LOADING. Tanks w/ backfill (Seismic at Oprating Condtion)
ID LF ID LF ID LF ID LF ID LF ID LF
***USD
A. 1.4(D + F) 15001
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 15002
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 15003
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 15004
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 15005
C. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wx 15006 13 0.8
C. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wx 15007 14 0.8
D. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wy 15008 15 0.8
D. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wy 15009 16 0.8
E. 1.2D ± 1.6Wx +1.0L + 0.5Lr 15010 13 1.6
E. 1.2D ± 1.6Wx +1.0L + 0.5Lr 15011 14 1.6
F. 1.2D ± 1.6Wy +1.0L + 0.5Lr 15012 15 1.6
F. 1.2D ± 1.6Wy +1.0L + 0.5Lr 15013 16 1.6
K. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wx + 1.6H 15014 13 1.6
K. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wx + 1.6H 15015 14 1.6
L. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wy + 1.6H 15016 15 1.6
L. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wy + 1.6H 15017 16 1.6
*CASE 2: Tank w/ backfill + surcharge (Normal Operation)
A. 1.4(D + F) 25101
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 25102
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 25103
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 25104
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 25105
C. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wx 25106 13 0.8
C. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wx 25107 14 0.8
D. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wy 25108 15 0.8
D. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wy 25109 16 0.8
E. 1.2D ± 1.6Wx +1.0L + 0.5Lr 25110 13 1.6
E. 1.2D ± 1.6Wx +1.0L + 0.5Lr 25111 14 1.6
F. 1.2D ± 1.6Wy +1.0L + 0.5Lr 25112 15 1.6
F. 1.2D ± 1.6Wy +1.0L + 0.5Lr 25113 16 1.6
K. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wx + 1.6H 25114 13 1.6
K. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wx + 1.6H 25115 14 1.6
L. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wy + 1.6H 25116 15 1.6
L. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wy + 1.6H 25117 16 1.6
*CASE 3: PATTERN LOADING. Tanks w/ backfill (Seismic at Oprating Condtion)
A. 1.4(D + F) 15001
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 15002
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 15003
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 15004
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 15005
C. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wx 15006
C. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wx 15007
D. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wy 15008
D. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wy 15009
E. 1.2D ± 1.6Wx +1.0L + 0.5Lr 15010
E. 1.2D ± 1.6Wx +1.0L + 0.5Lr 15011
F. 1.2D ± 1.6Wy +1.0L + 0.5Lr 15012
F. 1.2D ± 1.6Wy +1.0L + 0.5Lr 15013
K. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wx + 1.6H 15014
K. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wx + 1.6H 15015
L. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wy + 1.6H 15016
L. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wy + 1.6H 15017
*CASE 2: Tank w/ backfill + surcharge (Normal Operation)
A. 1.4(D + F) 25101 211 1.4
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 25102 211 1.2
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 25103 211 1.2
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 25104 211 1.2
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 25105 211 1.2
C. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wx 25106
C. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wx 25107
D. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wy 25108
D. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wy 25109
E. 1.2D ± 1.6Wx +1.0L + 0.5Lr 25110
E. 1.2D ± 1.6Wx +1.0L + 0.5Lr 25111
F. 1.2D ± 1.6Wy +1.0L + 0.5Lr 25112
F. 1.2D ± 1.6Wy +1.0L + 0.5Lr 25113
K. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wx + 1.6H 25114 211 1.2
K. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wx + 1.6H 25115 211 1.2
L. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wy + 1.6H 25116 211 1.2
L. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wy + 1.6H 25117 211 1.2
*CASE 3: PATTERN LOADING. Tanks w/ backfill (Seismic at Oprating Condtion)
ID LF ID LF ID LF ID LF ID LF ID LF
***USD
A. 1.4(D + F) 15001
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 15002 30 1.2
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 15003 30 1.2
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 15004 30 1.2
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 15005 30 1.2
C. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wx 15006
C. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wx 15007
D. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wy 15008
D. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wy 15009
E. 1.2D ± 1.6Wx +1.0L + 0.5Lr 15010
E. 1.2D ± 1.6Wx +1.0L + 0.5Lr 15011
F. 1.2D ± 1.6Wy +1.0L + 0.5Lr 15012
F. 1.2D ± 1.6Wy +1.0L + 0.5Lr 15013
K. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wx + 1.6H 15014
K. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wx + 1.6H 15015
L. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wy + 1.6H 15016
L. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wy + 1.6H 15017
*CASE 2: Tank w/ backfill + surcharge (Normal Operation)
A. 1.4(D + F) 25101
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 25102 30 1.2
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 25103 30 1.2
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 25104 30 1.2
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 25105 30 1.2
C. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wx 25106
C. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wx 25107
D. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wy 25108
D. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wy 25109
E. 1.2D ± 1.6Wx +1.0L + 0.5Lr 25110
E. 1.2D ± 1.6Wx +1.0L + 0.5Lr 25111
F. 1.2D ± 1.6Wy +1.0L + 0.5Lr 25112
F. 1.2D ± 1.6Wy +1.0L + 0.5Lr 25113
K. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wx + 1.6H 25114
K. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wx + 1.6H 25115
L. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wy + 1.6H 25116
L. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wy + 1.6H 25117
*CASE 3: PATTERN LOADING. Tanks w/ backfill (Seismic at Oprating Condtion)
ID LF ID LF
***USD
A. 1.4(D + F) 15001
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 15002
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 15003
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 15004
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 15005
C. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wx 15006 74 1.6
C. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wx 15007 74 1.6
D. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wy 15008 74 1.6
D. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wy 15009 74 1.6
E. 1.2D ± 1.6Wx +1.0L + 0.5Lr 15010 74 0.5
E. 1.2D ± 1.6Wx +1.0L + 0.5Lr 15011 74 0.5
F. 1.2D ± 1.6Wy +1.0L + 0.5Lr 15012 74 0.5
F. 1.2D ± 1.6Wy +1.0L + 0.5Lr 15013 74 0.5
K. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wx + 1.6H 15014
K. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wx + 1.6H 15015
L. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wy + 1.6H 15016
L. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wy + 1.6H 15017
*CASE 2: Tank w/ backfill + surcharge (Normal Operation)
A. 1.4(D + F) 25101
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 25102
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 25103
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 25104
B. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 25105
C. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wx 25106 74 1.6
C. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wx 25107 74 1.6
D. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wy 25108 74 1.6
D. 1.2D + 1.6Lr ± 0.8Wy 25109 74 1.6
E. 1.2D ± 1.6Wx +1.0L + 0.5Lr 25110 74 0.5
E. 1.2D ± 1.6Wx +1.0L + 0.5Lr 25111 74 0.5
F. 1.2D ± 1.6Wy +1.0L + 0.5Lr 25112 74 0.5
F. 1.2D ± 1.6Wy +1.0L + 0.5Lr 25113 74 0.5
K. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wx + 1.6H 25114
K. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wx + 1.6H 25115
L. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wy + 1.6H 25116
L. 0.9D + 1.2F ± 1.6Wy + 1.6H 25117
*CASE 3: PATTERN LOADING. Tanks w/ backfill (Seismic at Oprating Condtion)
***ASD
***ASD
A. D + F 11001
B. D + H + F + L + T 11002
B. D + H + F + L + T 11003
B. D + H + F + L + T 11004 7 1.0
B. D + H + F + L + T 11005 8 1.0
C. D + H + F + Lr 11006
C. D + H + F + Lr 11007
C. D + H + F + Lr 11008 7 1.0
C. D + H + F + Lr 11009 8 1.0
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 11010
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 11011
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 11012 7 1.0
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 11013 8 1.0
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 11014
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 11015
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 11016 7 1.0
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 11017 8 1.0
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 11018
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 11019
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 11020 7 1.0
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 11021 8 1.0
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 11022
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 11023
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 11024 7 0.6
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 11025 8 0.6
K. D + L + Lr 11026
L. D + L + 0.6W 11027
L. D + L + 0.6W 11028
L. D + L + 0.6W 11029
L. D + L + 0.6W 11030
*CASE 2: Cell is full of water. Tank w/ backfill + surcharge (Normal Operation)
A. D + F 21001
B. D + H + F + L + T 21002
B. D + H + F + L + T 21003
B. D + H + F + L + T 21004 7 1.0
B. D + H + F + L + T 21005 8 1.0
C. D + H + F + Lr 21006
C. D + H + F + Lr 21007
C. D + H + F + Lr 21008 7 1.0
C. D + H + F + Lr 21009 8 1.0
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 21010
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 21011
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 21012 7 1.0
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 21013 8 1.0
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 21014
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 21015
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 21016 7 1.0
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 21017 8 1.0
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 21018
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 21019
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 21020 7 1.0
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 21021 8 1.0
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 21022
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 21023
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 21024 7 0.6
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 21025 8 0.6
K. D + L + Lr 21026
L. D + L + 0.6W 21027
L. D + L + 0.6W 21028
L. D + L + 0.6W 21029
L. D + L + 0.6W 21030
*CASE 3: PATTERN LOADING. Tanks w/ backfill (Seismic at Oprating Condtion)
***ASD
A. D + F 11001
B. D + H + F + L + T 11002
B. D + H + F + L + T 11003
B. D + H + F + L + T 11004
B. D + H + F + L + T 11005
C. D + H + F + Lr 11006
C. D + H + F + Lr 11007
C. D + H + F + Lr 11008
C. D + H + F + Lr 11009
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 11010
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 11011
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 11012
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 11013
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 11014 13 0.6
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 11015 14 0.6
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 11016 15 0.6
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 11017 16 0.6
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 11018 13 0.5
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 11019 14 0.5
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 11020 15 0.5
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 11021 16 0.5
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 11022 13 0.6
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 11023 14 0.6
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 11024 15 0.6
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 11025 16 0.6
K. D + L + Lr 11026
L. D + L + 0.6W 11027 13 0.6
L. D + L + 0.6W 11028 14 0.6
L. D + L + 0.6W 11029 15 0.6
L. D + L + 0.6W 11030 16 0.6
*CASE 2: Cell is full of water. Tank w/ backfill + surcharge (Normal Operation)
A. D + F 21001
B. D + H + F + L + T 21002
B. D + H + F + L + T 21003
B. D + H + F + L + T 21004
B. D + H + F + L + T 21005
C. D + H + F + Lr 21006
C. D + H + F + Lr 21007
C. D + H + F + Lr 21008
C. D + H + F + Lr 21009
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 21010
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 21011
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 21012
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 21013
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 21014 13 0.6
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 21015 14 0.6
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 21016 15 0.6
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 21017 16 0.6
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 21018 13 0.5
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 21019 14 0.5
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 21020 15 0.5
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 21021 16 0.5
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 21022 13 0.6
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 21023 14 0.6
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 21024 15 0.6
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 21025 16 0.6
K. D + L + Lr 21026
L. D + L + 0.6W 21027 13 0.6
L. D + L + 0.6W 21028 14 0.6
L. D + L + 0.6W 21029 15 0.6
L. D + L + 0.6W 21030 16 0.6
*CASE 3: PATTERN LOADING. Tanks w/ backfill (Seismic at Oprating Condtion)
A. D + F 11001
B. D + H + F + L + T 11002
B. D + H + F + L + T 11003
B. D + H + F + L + T 11004
B. D + H + F + L + T 11005
C. D + H + F + Lr 11006
C. D + H + F + Lr 11007
C. D + H + F + Lr 11008
C. D + H + F + Lr 11009
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 11010
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 11011
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 11012
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 11013
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 11014
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 11015
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 11016
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 11017
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 11018
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 11019
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 11020
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 11021
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 11022
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 11023
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 11024
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 11025
K. D + L + Lr 11026
L. D + L + 0.6W 11027
L. D + L + 0.6W 11028
L. D + L + 0.6W 11029
L. D + L + 0.6W 11030
*CASE 2: Cell is full of water. Tank w/ backfill + surcharge (Normal Operation)
A. D + F 21001 211 1.0
B. D + H + F + L + T 21002 211 1.0
B. D + H + F + L + T 21003 211 1.0
B. D + H + F + L + T 21004 211 1.0
B. D + H + F + L + T 21005 211 1.0
C. D + H + F + Lr 21006 211 1.0
C. D + H + F + Lr 21007 211 1.0
C. D + H + F + Lr 21008 211 1.0
C. D + H + F + Lr 21009 211 1.0
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 21010 211 1.0
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 21011 211 1.0
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 21012 211 1.0
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 21013 211 1.0
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 21014 211 1.0
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 21015 211 1.0
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 21016 211 1.0
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 21017 211 1.0
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 21018 211 1.0
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 21019 211 1.0
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 21020 211 1.0
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 21021 211 1.0
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 21022
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 21023
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 21024
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 21025
K. D + L + Lr 21026
L. D + L + 0.6W 21027
L. D + L + 0.6W 21028
L. D + L + 0.6W 21029
L. D + L + 0.6W 21030
*CASE 3: PATTERN LOADING. Tanks w/ backfill (Seismic at Oprating Condtion)
***ASD
A. D + F 11001
B. D + H + F + L + T 11002 30 1.0
B. D + H + F + L + T 11003 30 1.0
B. D + H + F + L + T 11004 30 1.0
B. D + H + F + L + T 11005 30 1.0
C. D + H + F + Lr 11006
C. D + H + F + Lr 11007
C. D + H + F + Lr 11008
C. D + H + F + Lr 11009
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 11010 30 0.8
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 11011 30 0.8
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 11012 30 0.8
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 11013 30 0.8
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 11014
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 11015
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 11016
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 11017
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 11018
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 11019
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 11020
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 11021
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 11022
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 11023
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 11024
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 11025
K. D + L + Lr 11026
L. D + L + 0.6W 11027
L. D + L + 0.6W 11028
L. D + L + 0.6W 11029
L. D + L + 0.6W 11030
*CASE 2: Cell is full of water. Tank w/ backfill + surcharge (Normal Operation)
A. D + F 21001
B. D + H + F + L + T 21002 30 1.0
B. D + H + F + L + T 21003 30 1.0
B. D + H + F + L + T 21004 30 1.0
B. D + H + F + L + T 21005 30 1.0
C. D + H + F + Lr 21006
C. D + H + F + Lr 21007
C. D + H + F + Lr 21008
C. D + H + F + Lr 21009
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 21010 30 0.8
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 21011 30 0.8
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 21012 30 0.8
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 21013 30 0.8
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 21014
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 21015
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 21016
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 21017
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 21018
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 21019
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 21020
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 21021
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 21022
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 21023
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 21024
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 21025
K. D + L + Lr 21026
L. D + L + 0.6W 21027
L. D + L + 0.6W 21028
L. D + L + 0.6W 21029
L. D + L + 0.6W 21030
*CASE 3: PATTERN LOADING. Tanks w/ backfill (Seismic at Oprating Condtion)
***ASD
A. D + F 11001
B. D + H + F + L + T 11002
B. D + H + F + L + T 11003
B. D + H + F + L + T 11004
B. D + H + F + L + T 11005
C. D + H + F + Lr 11006 74 1.0
C. D + H + F + Lr 11007 74 1.0
C. D + H + F + Lr 11008 74 1.0
C. D + H + F + Lr 11009 74 1.0
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 11010 74 0.8
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 11011 74 0.8
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 11012 74 0.8
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 11013 74 0.8
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 11014
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 11015
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 11016
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 11017
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 11018 74 0.8
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 11019 74 0.8
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 11020 74 0.8
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 11021 74 0.8
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 11022
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 11023
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 11024
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 11025
K. D + L + Lr 11026 74 1.0
L. D + L + 0.6W 11027
L. D + L + 0.6W 11028
L. D + L + 0.6W 11029
L. D + L + 0.6W 11030
*CASE 2: Cell is full of water. Tank w/ backfill + surcharge (Normal Operation)
A. D + F 21001
B. D + H + F + L + T 21002
B. D + H + F + L + T 21003
B. D + H + F + L + T 21004
B. D + H + F + L + T 21005
C. D + H + F + Lr 21006 74 1.0
C. D + H + F + Lr 21007 74 1.0
C. D + H + F + Lr 21008 74 1.0
C. D + H + F + Lr 21009 74 1.0
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 21010 74 0.8
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 21011 74 0.8
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 21012 74 0.8
D. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75Lr 21013 74 0.8
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 21014
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 21015
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 21016
E. D + H + F + 0.6W 21017
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 21018 74 0.8
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 21019 74 0.8
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 21020 74 0.8
G. D + H + F + 0.75(L + Lr + 0.6W) 21021 74 0.8
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 21022
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 21023
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 21024
I. 0.6D + 0.6W + H 21025
K. D + L + Lr 21026 74 1.0
L. D + L + 0.6W 21027
L. D + L + 0.6W 21028
L. D + L + 0.6W 21029
L. D + L + 0.6W 21030
*CASE 3: PATTERN LOADING. Tanks w/ backfill (Seismic at Oprating Condtion)
F. D + H + F + E/1.4 31101
F. D + H + F + E/1.4 31102
F. D + H + F + E/1.4 31103
F. D + H + F + E/1.4 31104 73 0.7
H. D + H + F + 0.75(L + E/1.4) 31105
H. D + H + F + 0.75(L + E/1.4) 31106
H. D + H + F + 0.75(L + E/1.4) 31107
H. D + H + F + 0.75(L + E/1.4) 31108 73 0.5
M. D + L + E/1.4 31109
M. D + L + E/1.4 31110
M. D + L + E/1.4 31111
M. D + L + E/1.4 31112 73 0.7
+HY (STATIC) -HY (STATIC) +HX (DYNAMIC) -HX (DYNAMIC) +HY (DYNAMIC) -HY (DYNAMIC)
Load Combination 7 8 9 10 11 12
No.
+HY (STATIC) -HY (STATIC) +HX (DYNAMIC) -HX (DYNAMIC) +HY (DYNAMIC) -HY (DYNAMIC)
-EY RL
Load Combination 73 74
No.
EQPT (SEISMIC) -Y ROOF LL
Legend:
F-1
Legend:
W-1
W-2
W-3
W-4
FW-1
S-1
Legend:
S-2
B-1
B-2
B-3
B-4
500
300
400
650
400
400
Legend: t (mm)
500
300
425
Length Width
Beams Height (m) n γc (KN/m3) Weight (KN)
(m) (m)
B-1 4.23 0.50 0.35 3.00 24.00 53.31
B-2 10.00 0.50 0.65 1.00 24.00 78.00
B-3 10.00 0.30 0.40 2.00 24.00 57.60
B-4 3.04 0.25 0.40 3.00 24.00 21.89
B-4 2.99 0.25 0.40 3.00 24.00 21.53
B-4 2.64 0.25 0.40 3.00 24.00 19.00
Total W w 251.33
Thickness
Footing Area (m2) n γc (KN/m3) Weight (kN)
(m)
S-1 140.00 0.30 1.00 24.00 1008.00
S-2 42.31 0.30 1.00 24.00 304.63
MAT 207.50 0.50 1.00 24.00 2489.94
Total W s 3802.57
W + W soil
FS = > 1.1
BF
FGL FGL
a. Counter Weight
Weight of Tank, W = 8167.62 kN
Weight of Overburden Soil, W soil
= 3303.63 kN
Weight of Sand Fill, W sandfill = 3387.38 kN
Total Weight, W T = 14858.63 kN
coefficient of friction, μ = 0.45
b. Sliding Forces
Wall Inertia only, FEQ = 372.22 kN
μW
FS = > 2.0
FEQ + Ha - Hp
FULL
FGL FGL
a. Counter Weight
Weight of Tank, W = 8167.62 kN
Weight of Overburden Soil, W soil
= 3303.63 kN
Weight of Sand Fill, W sandfill = 3387.38 kN
Weight of Waste Water, W wastewater
= 5768.00 kN
Total Weight, W T = 20626.63 kN
coefficient of friction, μ = 0.45
b. Sliding Forces
Total Hydrodynamic Force, FEQ = 2087.33 kN
FGL FGL
a. Counter Weight
Weight of Tank, W = 8167.62 kN
Weight of Overburden Soil, W soil
= 3303.63 kN
Weight of Sand Fill, W sandfill = 3387.38 kN
Total Weight, W T = 14858.63 kN
coefficient of friction, μ = 0.45 (tan δ)
b. Sliding Forces
Wall Inertia only, FEQ = 618.13 KN
μW
FS = > 2.0
FEQ + Ha - Hp
FULL
FGL FGL
a. Counter Weight
Weight of Tank, W = 8167.62 kN
Weight of Overburden Soil, W soil
= 3303.63 kN
Weight of Sand Fill, W sandfill = 3387.38 kN
Weight of Waste Water, W wastewater
= 5768.00 kN
Total Weight, W T = 20626.63 kN
coefficient of friction, μ = 0.45 (tan δ)
b. Sliding Forces
Total Hydrodynamic Force, FEQ = 2628.55 KN
μW
FS = > 2.0
FEQ + Ha - Hp
FGL GWT
WIND
Note: For worst case scenario, tanks were considered @ empty tank condition only for wind loading.
a. Weight
Weight of Tank, W = 8167.62 kN
Weight of Overburden Soil,
W soil = 3303.63 kN
Weight of Sand Fill, W sandfill = 3387.38 kN
Total Weight, W T = 14858.63 kN
Bouyant Force, BF = 8650.99 KN
coefficient of friction, μ = 0.45 (tan δ)
b. Sliding Forces
Wind Load, FWIND = 82.59 KN
μ ( W - BF )
FS = > 2.0
FWIND + Ha - Hp
FGL GWT
WIND
Note: For worst case scenario, tanks were considered @ empty tank condition only for wind loading.
a. Weight
Weight of Tank, W = 8167.62 kN
Weight of Overburden Soil, W soil
= 3303.63 kN
Weight of Sand Fill, W sandfill = 3387.38 kN
Total Weight, W T = 14858.63 kN
Bouyant Force, BF = 8650.99 KN
coefficient of friction, μ = 0.45 (tan δ)
b. Sliding Forces
Wind Load, FWIND = 82.59 KN
μ ( W - BF )
FS = > 2.0
FWIND + Ha - Hp
FGL FGL
a. Righting Moment
Thickness Moment W * xo
Footing Area (m2) n γc (KN/m3)
(m) Arm (xo) (KN-m)
S-1 140.00 0.30 8.20 1.00 24.00 8265.60
S-2 42.31 0.30 3.32 1.00 24.00 1009.86
MAT 207.50 0.50 7.95 1.00 24.00 19795.02
Total W s 29070.48
Wx (kN) = 64701.54
b. Overturning Moment
Wall Inertia only, FEQ x h= 372.22 KN-m
Wx + Hp (h1/3)
FS = > 2.0
FEQ (h) + Ha (h2/3)
FGL FGL
a. Righting Moment
Thickness Moment W * xo
Footing Area (m2) n γc (KN/m3)
(m) Arm (xo) (KN-m)
S-1 140.00 0.30 8.20 1.00 24.00 8265.60
S-2 42.31 0.33 3.32 1.00 24.00 1094.01
MAT 207.50 0.50 7.95 1.00 24.00 19795.02
Total W s 29154.63
Thickness Moment W * xo
Liquid Area (m2) n γc (KN/m3)
(m) Arm (xo) (KN-m)
Wastewater 140.00 0.50 8.20 1.00 10.50 6027.00
Total W s 6027.00
Wx (kN) = 43527.35
Wx + Hp (h1/3)
FS = > 2.0
FEQ (h) + Ha (h2/3)
FGL FGL
a. Righting Moment
Wy (kN) = 48925.27
Wx + Hp (h1/3)
FS = > 2.0
FEQ (h) + Ha (h2/3)
FGL FGL
a. Righting Moment
Thickness Moment W * yo
Footing Area (m2) n γc (KN/m3)
(m) Arm (yo) (KN-m)
S-1 140.00 0.30 6.50 1.00 24.00 6552.00
S-2 42.31 0.33 6.50 1.00 24.00 2145.12
MAT 207.50 0.50 6.50 1.00 24.00 16184.61
Total W s 24881.73
Wy (kN) = 53702.77
b. Overturning Moment
Total Hydrodynamic Force, FEQ x h= 2322.84 KN-m
Wx + Hp (h1/3)
FS = > 2.0
FEQ (h) + Ha (h2/3)
FGL FGL
a. Righting Moment
Thickness Moment W * xo
Footing Area (m2) n γc (KN/m3)
(m) Arm (xo) (KN-m)
S-1 140.00 0.30 8.20 1.00 24.00 8265.60
S-2 42.31 0.33 3.32 1.00 24.00 1094.01
MAT 207.50 0.50 7.95 1.00 24.00 19795.02
Total W s 29154.63
Wx (kN) = 64785.69
Wx + Hp (h1/3)
FS = > 2.0
FEQ (h) + Ha (h2/3)
FGL FGL
a. Righting Moment
Thickness Moment W * xo
Footing Area (m2) n γc (KN/m3)
(m) Arm (xo) (KN-m)
S-1 140.00 0.30 8.20 1.00 24.00 8265.60
S-2 42.31 0.30 3.32 1.00 24.00 1009.86
MAT 207.50 0.50 7.95 1.00 24.00 19795.02
Total W s 29070.48
Thickness Moment W * xo
Liquid Area (m2) n γc (KN/m3)
(m) Arm (xo) (KN-m)
Wastewater 140.00 0.50 8.20 1.00 10.50 6027.00
Total W s 6027.00
Wx (kN) = 69798.66
Wx + Hp (h1/3)
FS = > 2.0
FEQ (h) + Ha (h2/3)
FGL FGL
a. Righting Moment
Wy (kN) = 48925.27
b. Overturning Moment
Wind Load, FWIND= 82.59 kN
h= 3.00 m
FWIND x h= 247.77 kN-m
Wx + Hp (h1/3)
FS = > 2.0
FEQ (h) + Ha (h2/3)
FGL FGL
a. Righting Moment
Thickness Moment W * yo
Footing Area (m2) n γc (KN/m3)
(m) Arm (yo) (KN-m)
S-1 140.00 0.30 6.50 1.00 24.00 6552.00
S-2 42.31 0.33 6.50 1.00 24.00 2145.12
MAT 207.50 0.50 6.50 1.00 24.00 16184.61
Total W s 24881.73
Thickness Moment W * yo
Liquid Area (m2) n γc (KN/m3)
(m) Arm (yo) (KN-m)
Wastewater 140.00 0.50 6.50 1.00 10.50 4777.50
Total W s 4777.50
LPWRF-DOC-PRP-C-0001-B DESIGN BASIS FOR C&S WORKS Page 130 of
90
Date: 24 May 2018 Wy (kN) = 53702.77
b. Overturning Moment
8.0 DESIGN OF STRUCTURE ELEMENTS
8.1 DESIGN OF FOUNDATION
STAAD Result
CASE 1: USD Design forces without earthquake load effects
The following cases shall be checked to determine the more critical designing forces for slab element:
by Wood-Armer Method,
Mx' = Mx + |Mxy|
My' = My + |Mxy|
width, b = 1000 mm
wall thickness, t = 500 mm
effective thickness, d = 419.00 mm
k= 74.83 n= 7.19
b= 1.24 B= 0.12
fsmax = 299.75
Sdflexure = 1.41
USD
Force Direction
from STAAD tmesh V (kN)
Shear SQx -172.60 0.50 86.30
Sdshear = 1.41
b. Design forces with earthquake load effects, thus no consideration for Environmental
Durability Factor (Sd):
USD
Force Direction
from STAAD Wood-Armer Method
Mx 40.75
41.78
Moment for Mxy* 1.04
top rebar My 15.87
19.86
Mxy* -3.98
Mx -56.35
Moment for 67.88
Mxy* 11.53
bottom
My -34.54
rebar 44.16
Mxy* 9.62
*Note: Mxy is the corresponding value based on Mx & My respectively.
USD
Force Direction
from STAAD tmesh V (kN)
Shear SQx -308.76 0.50 154.38
The design shear and moment can be determine based from the greater value of the
preceeding two (2) cases and shall be as follows:
Design Parameters:
concrete compressive strength, f'c = 35 MPa
Tensile Yield Strength of vertical reinforcing bar,
fy = 414 MPa
Tensile Yield Strength of horizontal reinforcing
bar, fyt = 414 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete, Ec = 27805.57 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity of Steel, Es = 200000.00 MPa
strength reduction factor for flexure, ɸ = 0.90
strength reduction factor for shear, ɸ = 0.75
β= 0.80
wall thickness, t = 500 mm
concrete cover @ top, cc = 75 mm
concrete cover @ bottom, cc = 75 mm
diameter of top bar, ØTBx = 12 mm
diameter of top bar, ØTBy = 12 mm
diameter of bottom bar, ØBB1 = 16 mm
diameter of bottom bar, ØBB2 = 16 mm
- Flexural Design
Coefficient of Resistance, Rn
Rn = 0.26 MPa
ρ= 0.0006
but;
ρmin = 0.0020
ρmax = 0.0255
Area of steel, As
As = ρreq'd x b x t
As = 1000 mm2 n= 9 pcs
nprovided = 10 pcs
100 mm n(provided) > n(required) therefore,
sufficient rebar!
Asact = 1130.97 mm²
Therefore, in terms of flexural capacity, provide Ø12 @ 100mm Top Bars O.C. E.F.
Coefficient of Resistance, Rn
Rn = 0.14 MPa
Steel Ratio, ρ
ρ= 0.0003
but;
ρmin = 0.0020
Area of steel, As
As = ρreq'd x b x t
As = 1000 mm2 nused = 9 pcs
nprovided = 10 pcs
100 mm n(provided) > n(required) therefore,
sufficient rebar!
Asact = 1130.97 mm²
Therefore, in terms of flexural capacity, provide Ø12 @ 100mm Top Bars O.C. E.F.
Coefficient of Resistance, Rn
Rn = 0.75 MPa
Steel Ratio, ρ
ρ= 0.0018
but;
ρmin = 0.0020
ρmax = 0.0255
Area of steel, As
As = ρreq'd x b x t
As = 1000 mm2 nused = 5 pcs
nprovided = 10 pcs
200 mm n(provided) > n(required) therefore,
sufficient rebar!
Asact = 2010.62 mm²
Coefficient of Resistance, Rn
Rn = 0.64 MPa
Steel Ratio, ρ
ρ= 0.0016
but;
ρmin = 0.0020
ρmax = 0.0255
Area of steel, As
As = ρreq'd x b x t
As = 1000 mm2 nused = 5 pcs
nprovided = 10 pcs
200 mm n(provided) > n(required) therefore,
sufficient rebar!
Asact = 2010.62 mm²
Therefore, in terms of flexural capacity, provide Ø16 @ 100mm Bottom Bars O.C. E.F.
The following cases shall be checked to determine the more critical designing forces for slab element:
by Wood-Armer Method,
Mx' = Mx + |Mxy|
My' = My + |Mxy|
width, b = 1000 mm
wall thickness, t = 300 mm
effective thickness, d = 219.00 mm
k= 44.57 n= 7.19
b= 1.46 B= 0.18
fsmax = 226.58
Sdflexure = 1.41
USD
Force Direction
from STAAD tmesh V (kN)
Shear SQx 70.90 0.30 21.27
Sdshear = 1.41
b. Design forces with earthquake load effects, thus no consideration for Environmental
Durability Factor (Sd):
USD
Force Direction
from STAAD Wood-Armer Method
Mx 47.92
47.96
Moment for Mxy* 0.05
top rebar My 27.36
27.49
Mxy* -0.13
Mx -24.25
Moment for 24.50
Mxy* 0.25
bottom
My -6.39
rebar 6.94
Mxy* -0.55
*Note: Mxy is the corresponding value based on Mx & My respectively.
USD
Force Direction
from STAAD tmesh V (kN)
Shear SQx 310.46 0.30 93.14
The design shear and moment can be determine based from the greater value of the
preceeding two (2) cases and shall be as follows:
Design Parameters:
concrete compressive strength, f'c = 35 MPa
Tensile Yield Strength of vertical reinforcing bar,
fy = 414 MPa
Tensile Yield Strength of horizontal reinforcing
bar, fyt = 414 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete, Ec = 27805.57 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity of Steel, Es = 200000.00 MPa
strength reduction factor for flexure, ɸ = 0.90
strength reduction factor for shear, ɸ = 0.75
β= 0.80
wall thickness, t = 300 mm
concrete cover @ top, cc = 75 mm
concrete cover @ bottom, cc = 75 mm
diameter of top bar, ØTBx = 12 mm
diameter of top bar, ØTBy = 12 mm
diameter of bottom bar, ØBB1 = 12 mm
diameter of bottom bar, ØBB2 = 12 mm
- Flexural Design
Coefficient of Resistance, Rn
Rn = 1.11 MPa
ρ= 0.0027
but;
ρmin = 0.0020
ρmax = 0.0255
Area of steel, As
As = ρreq'd x b x d
As = 599.20597 mm2 n= 6 pcs
nprovided = 7 pcs
150 mm n(provided) > n(required) therefore,
sufficient rebar!
Asact = 791.68 mm²
Therefore, in terms of flexural capacity, provide Ø12 @ 125mm Top Bars O.C. E.F.
Coefficient of Resistance, Rn
Rn = 0.71 MPa
Steel Ratio, ρ
ρ= 0.0017
but;
ρmin = 0.0020
Area of steel, As
As = ρreq'd x b x t
As = 600 mm2 nused = 6 pcs
nprovided = 7 pcs
150 mm n(provided) > n(required) therefore,
sufficient rebar!
Asact = 791.68 mm²
Therefore, in terms of flexural capacity, provide Ø12 @ 125mm Top Bars O.C. E.F.
Coefficient of Resistance, Rn
Rn = 0.93 MPa
Steel Ratio, ρ
ρ= 0.0023
but;
ρmin = 0.0020
ρmax = 0.0255
Area of steel, As
As = ρreq'd x b x d
As = 501.21884 mm2 nused = 5 pcs
nprovided = 10 pcs
200 mm n(provided) > n(required) therefore,
sufficient rebar!
Asact = 1130.97 mm²
Coefficient of Resistance, Rn
Rn = 0.87 MPa
Steel Ratio, ρ
ρ= 0.0021
but;
ρmin = 0.0020
ρmax = 0.0255
Area of steel, As
As = ρreq'd x b x do
As = 440.53753 mm2 nused = 4 pcs
nprovided = 10 pcs
250 mm n(provided) > n(required) therefore,
sufficient rebar!
Asact = 1130.97 mm²
Therefore, in terms of flexural capacity, provide Ø12 @ 100mm Bottom Bars O.C. E.F.
S-2
The following cases shall be checked to determine the more critical designing forces for slab element:
by Wood-Armer Method,
Mx' = Mx + |Mxy|
My' = My + |Mxy|
width, b = 1000 mm
wall thickness, t = 300 mm
effective thickness, d = 244.00 mm
k= 55.39 n= 7.19
b= 1.30 B= 0.12
fsmax = 285.52
Sdflexure = 1.66
USD
Force Direction
from STAAD tmesh V (kN)
Shear SQx 328.76 0.30 98.63
Sdshear = 1.41
b. Design forces with earthquake load effects, thus no consideration for Environmental
Durability Factor (Sd):
USD
Force Direction
from STAAD Wood-Armer Method
Mx 60.13
68.28
Moment for Mxy* -8.15
top rebar My 53.06
53.06
Mxy* 0.00
Mx -35.33
Moment for 36.04
Mxy* -0.71
bottom
My -16.81
rebar 17.88
Mxy* -1.07
*Note: Mxy is the corresponding value based on Mx & My respectively.
USD
Force Direction
from STAAD tmesh V (kN)
Shear SQx 338.11 0.30 101.43
The design shear and moment can be determine based from the greater value of the
preceeding two (2) cases and shall be as follows:
Design Parameters:
concrete compressive strength, f'c = 35 MPa
Tensile Yield Strength of vertical reinforcing bar,
fy = 414 MPa
Tensile Yield Strength of horizontal reinforcing
bar, fyt = 414 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete, Ec = 27805.57 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity of Steel, Es = 200000.00 MPa
strength reduction factor for flexure, ɸ = 0.90
strength reduction factor for shear, ɸ = 0.75
β= 0.80
wall thickness, t = 300 mm
concrete cover @ top, cc = 50 mm
concrete cover @ bottom, cc = 75 mm
diameter of top bar, ØTBx = 12 mm
diameter of top bar, ØTBy = 16 mm
diameter of bottom bar, ØBB1 = 12 mm
diameter of bottom bar, ØBB2 = 16 mm
- Flexural Design
Coefficient of Resistance, Rn
Rn = 1.18 MPa
ρ= 0.0029
but;
ρmin = 0.0020
ρmax = 0.0255
Area of steel, As
As = ρreq'd x b x d
As = 708.60662 mm2 n= 7 pcs
nprovided = 10 pcs
125 mm n(provided) > n(required) therefore,
sufficient rebar!
Asact = 1130.97 mm²
Therefore, in terms of flexural capacity, provide Ø12 @ 100mm Top Bars O.C. E.F.
Coefficient of Resistance, Rn
Rn = 1.93 MPa
Steel Ratio, ρ
ρ= 0.0048
but;
ρmin = 0.0020
Area of steel, As
As = ρreq'd x b x do
As = 1106.8404 mm2 nused = 6 pcs
nprovided = 6 pcs
150 mm n(provided) > n(required) therefore,
sufficient rebar!
Asact = 1206.37 mm²
Therefore, in terms of flexural capacity, provide Ø16 @ 150mm Top Bars O.C. E.F.
Coefficient of Resistance, Rn
Rn = 1.14 MPa
Steel Ratio, ρ
ρ= 0.0028
but;
ρmin = 0.0020
ρmax = 0.0255
Area of steel, As
As = ρreq'd x b x d
As = 617.6744 mm2 nused = 6 pcs
nprovided = 10 pcs
150 mm n(provided) > n(required) therefore,
sufficient rebar!
Asact = 1130.97 mm²
Coefficient of Resistance, Rn
Rn = 2.34 MPa
Steel Ratio, ρ
ρ= 0.0059
but;
ρmin = 0.0020
ρmax = 0.0255
Area of steel, As
As = ρreq'd x b x do
As = 1206.7435 mm2 nused = 7 pcs
nprovided = 10 pcs
125 mm n(provided) > n(required) therefore,
sufficient rebar!
Asact = 2010.62 mm²
Therefore, in terms of flexural capacity, provide Ø16 @ 100mm Bottom Bars O.C. E.F.
The following cases shall be checked to determine the more critical designing forces for wall element:
by Wood-Armer Method,
Mx' = Mx + |Mxy|
My' = My + |Mxy|
width, b = 1000 mm
wall thickness, t = 400 mm
effective thickness, d = 317.00 mm
k= 60.86 n= 7.19
b= 1.32 B= 0.14
fsmax = 182.43
Sdshear = 1.61
b. Design forces with earthquake load effects, thus no consideration for Environmental
Durability Factor (Sd):
USD
Force Direction
from STAAD Wood-Armer Method
Mx 68.56
68.72
Mxy* 0.16
Moment
My -50.46
-49.80
Mxy* 0.66
*Note: Mxy is the corresponding value based on Mx & My respectively.
USD
Force Direction
from STAAD tmesh V (kN)
Shear SQx -354.40 0.40 141.76
The design shear and moment can be determine based from the greater value of the
preceeding two (2) cases and shall be as follows:
Coefficient of Resistance, Rn
Rn = 0.87 MPa
Steel Ratio, ρ
ρ= 0.0021
but;
ρmin = 0.0015
ρmax = 0.0255
Area of steel, As
bd
As = 679.29412 mm2 n= 4 pcs
nprovided = 5 pcs
250 mm n(provided) > n(required) therefore,
sufficient rebar!
Asact = 1005.31 mm²
Therefore, in terms of flexural capacity, provide Ø16 @ 200mm Vertical Bars O.C. E.F.
Coefficient of Resistance, Rn
Rn = 0.79 MPa
Steel Ratio, ρ
ρ= 0.0019
but;
ρmin = 0.0025
ρmax = 0.0255
Area of steel, As
As = ρreq'd x b x t
As = 1000 mm2
225 mm
W-2
The following cases shall be checked to determine the more critical designing forces for wall element:
by Wood-Armer Method,
Mx' = Mx + |Mxy|
My' = My + |Mxy|
width, b = 1000 mm
wall thickness, t = 400 mm
effective thickness, d = 317.00 mm
k= 60.86 n= 7.19
b= 1.32 B= 0.14
fsmax = 182.43
Sdshear = 1.41
b. Design forces with earthquake load effects, thus no consideration for Environmental
Durability Factor (Sd):
USD
Force Direction
from STAAD Wood-Armer Method
Mx -73.30
-71.26
Mxy* -2.03
Moment
My -72.38
-66.05
Mxy* -6.34
*Note: Mxy is the corresponding value based on Mx & My respectively.
USD
Force Direction
from STAAD tmesh V (kN)
Shear SQx -360.26 0.40 144.11
The design shear and moment can be determine based from the greater value of the
preceeding two (2) cases and shall be as follows:
Coefficient of Resistance, Rn
Rn = 0.71 MPa
Steel Ratio, ρ
ρ= 0.0017
but;
ρmin = 0.0015
ρmax = 0.0255
Area of steel, As
bd
As = 546.70963 mm2 n= 3 pcs
nprovided = 5 pcs
300 mm n(provided) > n(required) therefore,
sufficient rebar!
Asact = 1005.31 mm²
Therefore, in terms of flexural capacity, provide Ø16 @ 200mm Vertical Bars O.C. E.F.
Coefficient of Resistance, Rn
Rn = 0.92 MPa
Steel Ratio, ρ
ρ= 0.0023
but;
ρmin = 0.0025
ρmax = 0.0255
Area of steel, As
As = ρreq'd x b x t
As = 1000 mm2
225 mm
W-3
The following cases shall be checked to determine the more critical designing forces for wall element:
by Wood-Armer Method,
Mx' = Mx + |Mxy|
My' = My + |Mxy|
width, b = 1000 mm
wall thickness, t = 450 mm
effective thickness, d = 365.00 mm
k= 107.81 n= 7.19
b= 1.33 B= 0.04
fsmax = 267.54
Calculated fs(max) = 267.54 > maximum stress for flexure of 248 Mpa.
Therefore, use fs(min) = 165 Mpa
Sdshear = 1.41
b. Design forces with earthquake load effects, thus no consideration for Environmental
Durability Factor (Sd):
USD
Force Direction
from STAAD Wood-Armer Method
Mx 168.59
197.59
Mxy* 29.00
Moment
My 103.99
160.63
Mxy* -56.64
*Note: Mxy is the corresponding value based on Mx & My respectively.
USD
Force Direction
from STAAD tmesh V (kN)
Shear SQx -579.89 0.45 260.95
The design shear and moment can be determine based from the greater value of the
preceeding two (2) cases and shall be as follows:
Coefficient of Resistance, Rn
Rn = 2.49 MPa
Steel Ratio, ρ
ρ= 0.0063
but;
ρmin = 0.0015
ρmax = 0.0255
Area of steel, As
bd
As = 2295.1574 mm2 n= 8 pcs
nprovided = 10 pcs
125 mm n(provided) > n(required) therefore,
sufficient rebar!
Asact = 3141.59 mm²
Therefore, in terms of flexural capacity, provide Ø20 @ 100mm Vertical Bars O.C. E.F.
Coefficient of Resistance, Rn
Rn = 1.48 MPa
Steel Ratio, ρ
ρ= 0.0037
but;
ρmin = 0.0025
ρmax = 0.0255
Area of steel, As
As = ρreq'd x b x do
As = 1274.9507 mm2
300 mm
W-4
The following cases shall be checked to determine the more critical designing forces for wall element:
by Wood-Armer Method,
Mx' = Mx + |Mxy|
My' = My + |Mxy|
width, b = 1000 mm
wall thickness, t = 450 mm
effective thickness, d = 367.00 mm
k= 89.58 n= 7.19
b= 1.30 B= 0.07
fsmax = 279.44
Calculated fs(max) = 279.44 > maximum stress for flexure of 248 Mpa.
Therefore, use fs(min) = 165 Mpa
Sdshear = 1.41
b. Design forces with earthquake load effects, thus no consideration for Environmental
Durability Factor (Sd):
USD
Force Direction
from STAAD Wood-Armer Method
Mx 143.03
163.91
Mxy* 20.88
Moment
My 100.90
149.87
Mxy* -48.96
*Note: Mxy is the corresponding value based on Mx & My respectively.
USD
Force Direction
from STAAD tmesh V (kN)
Shear SQx -621.21 0.40 248.48
The design shear and moment can be determine based from the greater value of the
preceeding two (2) cases and shall be as follows:
Coefficient of Resistance, Rn
Rn = 2.05 MPa
Steel Ratio, ρ
ρ= 0.0051
but;
ρmin = 0.0015
ρmax = 0.0255
Area of steel, As
bd
As = 1887.4797 mm2 n= 10 pcs
nprovided = 10 pcs
100 mm n(provided) > n(required) therefore,
sufficient rebar!
Asact = 2010.62 mm²
Therefore, in terms of flexural capacity, provide Ø16 @ 100mm Vertical Bars O.C. E.F.
Coefficient of Resistance, Rn
Rn = 1.34 MPa
Steel Ratio, ρ
ρ= 0.0033
but;
ρmin = 0.0025
ρmax = 0.0255
Area of steel, As
As = ρreq'd x b x do
As = 1166.2255 mm2
175 mm
W-4
The following cases shall be checked to determine the more critical designing forces for wall element:
by Wood-Armer Method,
Mx' = Mx + |Mxy|
My' = My + |Mxy|
width, b = 1000 mm
wall thickness, t = 450 mm
effective thickness, d = 365.00 mm
k= 107.81 n= 7.19
b= 1.33 B= 0.04
fsmax = 267.54
Calculated fs(max) = 267.54 > maximum stress for flexure of 248 Mpa.
Therefore, use fs(min) = 165 Mpa
Sdshear = 1.41
b. Design forces with earthquake load effects, thus no consideration for Environmental
Durability Factor (Sd):
USD
Force Direction
from STAAD Wood-Armer Method
Mx 171.28
205.35
Mxy* -34.07
Moment
My 98.81
155.93
Mxy* 57.13
*Note: Mxy is the corresponding value based on Mx & My respectively.
USD
Force Direction
from STAAD tmesh V (kN)
Shear SQx -554.58 0.45 249.56
The design shear and moment can be determine based from the greater value of the
preceeding two (2) cases and shall be as follows:
Coefficient of Resistance, Rn
Rn = 2.53 MPa
Steel Ratio, ρ
ρ= 0.0064
but;
ρmin = 0.0015
ρmax = 0.0255
Area of steel, As
bd
As = 2332.0341 mm2 n= 8 pcs
nprovided = 10 pcs
125 mm n(provided) > n(required) therefore,
sufficient rebar!
Asact = 3141.59 mm²
Therefore, in terms of flexural capacity, provide Ø20 @ 100mm Vertical Bars O.C. E.F.
Coefficient of Resistance, Rn
Rn = 1.44 MPa
Steel Ratio, ρ
ρ= 0.0036
but;
ρmin = 0.0025
ρmax = 0.0255
Area of steel, As
As = ρreq'd x b x do
As = 1236.7036 mm2
300 mm
FW-1
The following cases shall be checked to determine the more critical designing forces for wall element:
by Wood-Armer Method,
Mx' = Mx + |Mxy|
My' = My + |Mxy|
width, b = 1000 mm
wall thickness, t = 425 mm
effective thickness, d = 344.00 mm
k= 67.12 n= 7.19
b= 1.29 B= 0.12
fsmax = 286.49
Calculated fs(max) = 286.49 > maximum stress for flexure of 248 Mpa.
Therefore, use fs(min) = 165 Mpa
Sdshear = 1.41
b. Design forces with earthquake load effects, thus no consideration for Environmental
Durability Factor (Sd):
USD
Force Direction
from STAAD Wood-Armer Method
Mx 21.37
21.49
Mxy* -0.12
Moment
My -4.76
-3.55
Mxy* -1.21
*Note: Mxy is the corresponding value based on Mx & My respectively.
USD
Force Direction
from STAAD tmesh V (kN)
Shear SQx -103.22 0.30 30.97
The design shear and moment can be determine based from the greater value of the
preceeding two (2) cases and shall be as follows:
Coefficient of Resistance, Rn
Rn = 0.20 MPa
Steel Ratio, ρ
ρ= 0.0005
but;
ρmin = 0.0015
ρmax = 0.0255
Area of steel, As
bd
As = 516 mm2 n= 5 pcs
nprovided = 10 pcs
200 mm n(provided) > n(required) therefore,
sufficient rebar!
Asact = 1130.97 mm²
Therefore, in terms of flexural capacity, provide Ø12 @ 100mm Vertical Bars O.C. E.F.
Coefficient of Resistance, Rn
Rn = 0.04 MPa
Steel Ratio, ρ
ρ= 0.0001
but;
ρmin = 0.0025
ρmax = 0.0255
Area of steel, As
As = ρreq'd x b x t
As = 1062.5 mm2
200 mm