CHAPTER 1

Motion along a straight line

การเคลือ่ นที่ในแนวเส้ นตรง (1 มิต)ิ
Position (ตำแหน่ ง)
- Position = Place
- Reference point usually at the
origin
- Position can write in negative
and positive but not vector
Displacement (กำรกระจัด)
 The positive direction = increasing num.
 The negative direction = decreasing num.

x = Displacement
= x2 – x1
= xfinal – xinitial
= xปลำย - xต้ น
Position & Displacement
x1 = 5 m, x2 = 12 m
x = 12m – 5m = +7m

Direction is positive
7 is magnitude x

x1 x2
-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Position & Displacement
Your turn x1 = 5 m, x2 = 1 m
Average velocity and speed
(ควำมเร็วเฉลี่ย)

position

time
Same position
For any time
(no move)
Average velocity and speed
Average velocity and speed
To find Vavg
1. Draw straight
line, start to end
2. Find slope of the line
End

Start
Average velocity and speed
Instantaneous velocity and speed

Velocity : direction and magnitude

+5 m/s, -5 m/s
Speed : magnitude
5 m/s
 Acceleration
Average acceleration

Instantaneous acceleration (simply acceleration)

Acceleration

𝑑𝑣 𝑑 𝑑𝑥 𝑑2 𝑥
𝑎= = =
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 2

First diff you will get velocity

Second diff you will get acceleration

Problem1
You drive a beat-up pickup truck down a straight road for
8.4 km at 70 km/h, at which point you run out of fuel.
You walk 2.0 km father, to the nearest gas station, in 30 min
a) What is overall displacement from the beginning of your
drive to your arrival at the station?
b) What is the time interval t from the beginning of your
drive to your arrival at the station?
c) What is your average velocity vavg from the beginning of
your drive to your arrival at the station? Find it both
numerically and graphically?
d) Suppose that walk back to the truck takes you another 45
min. What is your speedavg from the beginning of your
drive to your return to the truck with the gasoline?
Problem1
a) What is overall displacement from the beginning of your
drive to your arrival at the station?
Problem1
b) What is the time interval t from the beginning of your
drive to your arrival at the station?
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
𝑣𝑎𝑣𝑔 = ∆𝑡 =
∆𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑣𝑔
Problem1
c) What is your average velocity vavg from the beginning of
your drive to your arrival at the station? Find it both
numerically and graphically?
From a) and b) we have got
x = 10.4 km and t = 0.62 h
Problem1
∆𝑥
Slope =
∆𝑡
Problem1
d) Suppose that walk back to the truck takes you another 45
min. What is your speedavg from the beginning of your
drive to your return to the truck with the gasoline?

x1 8.4 km 2.0 km x2
Problem2
A particle’s position on the x axis is given by
X = 4-27t+t3 with x in meters and t in seconds

a) Find the particle’s velocity function v(t) and

acceleration function a(t)

b) Is there ever a time when v=0?

c) Describe the particle’s motion for t0

Problem2
a) Find the particle’s velocity function v(t) and
acceleration function a(t)
Problem2
b) Is there ever a time when v=0?
Setting v(t) = 0 yields
𝑣 = 0 = −27 + 3𝑡 2
Problem2
c) Describe the particle’s motion for t0
𝑥 = 4 − 27𝑡 + 𝑡 3 𝑣 = −27 + 3𝑡 2 𝑎 = +6𝑡

t (s) x (m) v (m/s) a (m/s2)

0
1
2
3
4
Constant acceleration
Equations for motion with constant acceleration

1
2
3
4
5
Free-fall acceleration
The free-fall acceleration near Earth’s surface is

a = -g = -9.8 m/s2

The magnitude of the acceleration is

g = 9.8 m/s2

Do not substitute – 9.8 m/s2 for g

Problem3
From the figure, a pitcher tosses
a baseball up along a y axis with
an initial speed of 12 m/s
a) How long does the ball take to
Reach its maximum height?
b) What is the ball’s maximum
height above its release point?
c) How long does the ball take to
reach a point 5.0 m above its
release point?
Problem3
a) How long does the ball take to reach its maximum
height?
We know: v = 0 m/s, v0 = 12 m/s, a = -9.8 m/s2
Problem3
a) How long does the ball take to reach its maximum
height?
We know:
Problem3
b) What is the ball’s maximum height above its release
point?
At the highest point we have got v = 0 m/s and max distance
is y = y-y0

1
2
3
4
5
Problem3
b) What is the ball’s maximum height above its release
point?
At the highest point we have got v = 0 m/s and max distance
is y = y-y0
Problem3
c) How long does the ball take to reach a point 5.0 m
above its release point?

t = ?, y = 5.0m, a = -g = -9.8 m/s2, v0 = 12m/s

1
2
3
4
5
Problem3
c) How long does the ball take to reach a point 5.0 m
above its release point?

t = ?, y = 5.0m, a = -9.8 m/s2, v0 = 12m/s