Tech Notes-Troubleshooting GPON ONU Fails To Go Online 01

GPON ONU Fails to Go Online
Tech Notes
Issue 01
Date 2019-03-12
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Issue 01 (2019-03-12) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. i

Tech Notes Contents
Contents
1 About This Document.................................................................................................................. 1

2 What Is a GPON ONU?................................................................................................................ 3
3 What Is a GPON ONU Failing to Go Online?......................................................................... 5
4 GPON ONU Online Process....................................................................................................... 6
5 Troubleshooting GPON ONU Fails to Go Online..................................................................9
5.1 Troubleshooting the OLT Device Faults.......................................................................................................................10
5.2 Troubleshooting the GPON ONU Device Faults......................................................................................................... 12
5.3 Troubleshooting the GPON ONU is Deactivated.........................................................................................................13
5.4 Troubleshooting the GPON ONU Authentication Failure........................................................................................... 14
5.5 Troubleshooting the ODN Faults..................................................................................................................................16
6 Appendix Common ODN Fault Locating Methods..............................................................19

6.1 Checking the Optical Power......................................................................................................................................... 19
6.1.1 Analyzing the Optical Power.....................................................................................................................................19
6.1.2 Querying the Optical Power Using the CLI.............................................................................................................. 22
6.1.3 Measuring the Upstream Optical Power Using the Optical Power Meter.................................................................23
6.1.4 Measuring the Downstream Optical Power Using the Optical Power Meter............................................................24
6.2 Using the OTDR to Locate Abnormal Attenuation Points on the Optical Line...........................................................26
6.3 Checking Whether the Optical Fiber Is Damaged Using the Red Pointer................................................................... 34
6.4 Cleaning the Connector of an Optical Fiber................................................................................................................. 35
7 Glossary......................................................................................................................................... 39
Issue 01 (2019-03-12) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. ii

Tech Notes 1 About This Document
1 About This Document
Introduction
The GPON ONU fails to go online due to a device fault or transmission network fault. As a
result, services cannot be provisioned. This document describes how to troubleshoot the fault
that GPON ONUs fail to go online.
l The OLT device is faulty.
l The ONU device is faulty.
l ONU fails to go online because the ONU is deactivated.
l ONU fails to go online because the ONU fails to pass the authentication.
l The ODN line is faulty.
NOTE
Both the multi-dwelling unit (MDU) and the optical network terminal (ONT) are user end devices of the
optical line terminal (OLT), and are collectively referred to as ONU in this document.
Intended Audience
This document is intended for network maintenance personnel. The operator must have the
following experience and skills:
l Be familiar with the networking of the current network and related device information.
l Have experience in maintaining the device and be familiar with the operation and
maintenance (O&M) mode of the device.
l It has a certain foundation for the GPON technology.
Involved Products and Versions

This document is a common troubleshooting guide and is not closely related to the hardware
and software versions.
Issue 01 (2019-03-12) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 1

Tech Notes 1 About This Document
NOTE
The command line parameters and web interface display are related to the software version.
This document uses the following products and versions as an example.
l OLT: MA5800 V100R019C00
l MDU: MA5616 V800R019C00
l ONT: HG8247H V300R013C10
Symbol Conventions
The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Symbol Description
Indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if

not avoided, will result in death or serious injury.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not

avoided, could result in death or serious injury.

avoided, may result in minor or moderate injury.

avoided, could result in equipment damage, data loss,
performance deterioration, or unanticipated results.
NOTICE is used to address practices not related to
personal injury.
Calls attention to important information, best practices

and tips.
NOTE is used to address information not related to
personal injury, equipment damage, and environment
deterioration.
Change History
Issue Date Description
01 2019-03-12 This is the first release.

Tech Notes 2 What Is a GPON ONU?
2 What Is a GPON ONU?
The GPON ONUs described in this document include ONTs and MDUs.
These two types of products belong to the optical network unit (ONU) in the GPON network.
Therefore, these two types of products are referred to as GPON ONUs in this document.
ONT Introduction
The ONT is applied to Huawei FTTH (Fiber To The Home) solution.
Figure 2-1 FTTH Solution Network
l The ONT is placed in the user's home and provides data, voice, RF, and Wi-Fi services
for users through the user-side interface.
l The ONT can be managed through the Web interface.

Tech Notes 2 What Is a GPON ONU?
MDU Introduction
MDU is applied to Huawei FTTB (Fiber To The Building) , FTTC (Fiber To The Curb)
solution.
Figure 2-2 FTTB/FTTC Solution Network
l FTTB: The OLT is connected to the ONU in the outside of the building through optical
fibers. The ONU is connected to each user through twisted pairs to provide voice, data,
and video services for users in the building.
l FTTC: The OLT is connected to the ONU in the roadside cabinet through optical fibers.
The ONU is connected to each user through twisted pairs to provide voice, data, and
video services for users in the cell.
l The MDU can be managed through the CLI.

Tech Notes 3 What Is a GPON ONU Failing to Go Online?
3 What Is a GPON ONU Failing to Go

Online?
A failure to go online is also called a registration failure. After the ONU is powered on, it
initiates registration to the OLT and establishes a management channel with the OLT. The
OLT can manage and configure services only after the ONU goes online.
Fault Locating
On the OLT, run the display ont info command to query whether the ONU Run State is
"offline"
huawei#display ont info 0 3 0 0
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
F/S/P : 0/3/0
ONT-ID : 0
Control flag : active
Run state : offline
......
NOTE
According to the query result, the Run state of the ONU is "offline", that is, the ONU is failure to go
online.

Tech Notes 4 GPON ONU Online Process
4 GPON ONU Online Process
After the ONU is powered on, it initiates registration to the OLT, the ONU can go online only
after the registration succeeds. The OLT can manage and configure services only after the
ONU goes online.
Figure 1 shows the process of bringing a GPON ONU online.

Figure 4-1 GPON ONU Online Process
1. After the O1 Initial state and O2 Standby state are complete, enter the O3 Serial number
state.
2. In the O3 Serial number state:
a. The OLT sends an serial number (SN) request to the ONU.
b. The ONU responds to the SN request message sent from the OLT.
c. Upon receiving the SN response from the ONU:
n If the SN of the ONU is not configured on the OLT (SN authentication is not
required), the OLT allocates a temporary ONU ID to the ONU and enters the
O4 Ranging state.
n If the SN of the ONU is configured on the OLT (SN authentication is
required), the OLT compares the SN reported by the ONU with the configured
SN. After the comparison succeeds, the OLT enters the O4. If the comparison
fails, the initial status of O1 is returned.

3. After the ranging operation is complete in the O4 Ranging state, the system enters the O5
Operation state.
4. In the O5 Operation state:
– If the GPON ONU does not need to perform password authentication, configure a
GEM port for carrying the OMCI message on the ONU, and then enable the ONU
to go online. In addition, the OLT reports an ONU online alarm to the CLI or NMS.
– If the GPON ONU need to perform password authentication:
i. The OLT sends a password request message to the ONU.
ii. The ONU responds to the password request from the OLT and sends the
password to the OLT.
iii. The OLT compares the password returned by the ONU with the locally
configured password.
○ If the password returned by the ONU is the same as the password
configured on the OLT, configure the GEM port for carrying the OMCI
message on the ONU, enable the ONU to go online, and report the ONU
online alarm to the CLI or NMS.
○ If the password returned by the ONU is different from the password
configured on the OLT, the OLT reports a password error alarm to the
CLI or NMS. Even if the ONU auto-discovery function is enabled on the
PON port, the OLT does not report the ONU auto-discovery. The OLT
sends the Deactivate_ONU-ID PLOAM message to deregister the ONU.

Tech Notes 5 Troubleshooting GPON ONU Fails to Go Online
5 Troubleshooting GPON ONU Fails to Go

Online
If GPON ONU fails to go online, locate the fault based on the fault scope. The possible
causes are as follows:

Figure 5-1 GPON ONU Fails to Go Online Fault Location Roadmap
5.1 Troubleshooting the OLT Device Faults

5.2 Troubleshooting the GPON ONU Device Faults
5.3 Troubleshooting the GPON ONU is Deactivated
5.4 Troubleshooting the GPON ONU Authentication Failure
5.5 Troubleshooting the ODN Faults
5.1 Troubleshooting the OLT Device Faults

The hardware faults of the OLT include the OLT, service boards, and optical modules.

Fault Locating
If an ONU fails to go online, locate the fault based on the fault scope.
If multiple ONUs fail to go online, the fault locating focuses on the upper-layer OLT.
Common faults are as follows:
l If all the ONUs connected to the GPON port of the OLT are faulty, the GPON port or
optical module of the OLT board is faulty.
l If all the ONUs connected to the GPON board of the OLT are faulty, the GPON board is
faulty.
l If all the ONUs connected to the OLT are faulty, the OLT is faulty.
Handling Procedure
Step 1 Rectify the fault on the GPON port and GPON optical module of the OLT.
On the OLT, run the display port state command to query the information of GPON port
0/1/1.
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#display port state 0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Port Information
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
F/S/P 0/1/0
Port state Online
......
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Optical Module State
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Optical Module status Offline
Laser state Fail
......
l Port state is "Online", it indicates that the GPON port is normal.

l Optical Module status is "Offline", it indicates that the optical module is not in position
or faulty. Remove and insert the optical module to rectify the fault. If the fault persists,
replace the optical module.
l Laser state is "Fail" , it indicates that the optical module laser faulty. Run the undo
shutdown portid command to enable the laser of a GPON port, if the laser status cannot
be restored, replace the optical module.
Step 2 Check whether the GPON service board of the OLT is faulty.
On the OLT, Run the display board 0 command to query the information about the GPON
service boards. Services can be carried on the board only when the board is in the "Normal"
status.
huawei>display board 0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
SlotID BoardName Status SubType0 SubType1 Online/Offline
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
1 H901GPSFE Failed Offline
......
The board Status is "Failed", The board is in the failed state. The causes for the board failure
are as follows:
l An offline board is added. In this case, insert a board of the same type into the
corresponding slot. Several minutes later, check whether the board is in the normal state.
l Loading the board program fails. In this case, run the display io-packetfile command to
check whether the corresponding software package of the board is loaded to the flash

memory of the control board. If the corresponding software package is not loaded, load
the corresponding board software. If the fault persists after the preceding operations,
contact Huawei for technical support.
NOTE
The common abnormal states of service boards are as follows:

l Board status is "Auto_find" : The board in the auto-find state. The board can be used only after you
run the board confirm command to confirm the board.
l Board status is "Mismatch" : The board is in the type mismatch state. Generally, the type of the
board added offline is inconsistent with the actual board type. You need to run the board
deletecommand to delete the type of the board in the slot. Then, the system will automatically
recognize the board type.
l Board status is "Prohibited" : The board is in the prohibited state. Before finding, diagnosing, and
rectifying a fault of the faulty board, run the board prohibitcommand to prohibit the board. Then
the board status is displayed as Prohibited. You can run the undo board prohibitcommand to un-
prohibit the board.
----End
5.2 Troubleshooting the GPON ONU Device Faults

The hardware faults of the GPON ONU include the hardware fault, GPON upstream port
fault, and optical module fault.
Fault Locating
If an ONU fails to go online, locate the fault based on the fault scope.
If a single ONU fails to go online, the fault location focuses on the faulty ONU. The common
faults are as follows:
l The ONT is faulty. The following table lists the status of the indicators on the ONT, If
the PON indicator and LOS indicator blink slowly (once /2 seconds), the PON terminal
hardware is faulty.
Table 5-1 PON and LOS indicators of the ONT

PON LOS Meaning
off off The PON terminal is prohibited by the upper-

layer device or the optical power is abnormal.
Blinks twice a Blinks twice a
second second
Blinks twice a off The PON terminal attempts to set up a

second connection with its upper-layer device.
Steady on off A connection is set up between the PON

terminal and its upper-layer device.
off Blinks once two The PON terminal is does not receive optical
seconds signals.
Blinks once Blinks once two The hardware is faulty.

two seconds seconds

l The MDU is faulty. Check the status indicator of the GPON port on the MDU. If the
LINK and AUTH indicators are steady green and the optical fiber is normal, the MDU
may be faulty.
Status indicator of the GPON port
Indic Col Status Meaning
ator or
LINK Gree on The link functions properly and a connection is

n set up on the port.
Gree off The link malfunctions and no connections are

n set up on the port.
AUT Gree on An authentication is successful.

H n
Gree Blinking (on for An authentication is being performed.

n 0.25s and off for
0.25s repeatedly)
Gree off No authentication is being performed.

n
l The upstream port or optical module of the MDU is faulty. On the MDU, run the display
port state command to query the uplink port states, if the Laser state is "Off", it
indicates that the optical module is disabled.
huawei(config-if-gponnni-0/0/0)#display port state
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
F/S/P 0/0/0
Laser state Off
Port state Down
......
Handling Procedure
Step 1 Rectify the fault on the ONT.
l Restart the ONT and check whether the fault is rectified.
l Replace the ONT and check whether the fault is rectified.
Step 2 Rectify the fault on the ONU.
l If the optical module Laser state is "Off", run the laser auto command to set the optical
module to the automatic mode.
l If the fault is rectified after the optical module is replaced, the hardware of the optical
module is faulty.
----End
5.3 Troubleshooting the GPON ONU is Deactivated

After the GPON ONU is deactivated, the GPON ONU receives only optical signals and does
not transmit optical signals. As a result, the GPON ONU fails to go online.

Fault Locating
In the OLT, run the display ont info command to query the information of ONU, In the query
result, the value of Control flag is "deactive", it indicates that the ONU is in the deactivated
state.
Example: To query the information about ONU 0 connected to GPON port 0/1/1, do as
follows:
huawei(diagnose)# display ont info 0 1 1 0
Command: display ontinfo 0 1 1 0
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
F/S/P : 0/1/1
ONT-ID : 0
Control flag : deactive
Run state : offline
......
NOTE
Control flag: Indicates the control status of the ONT. The value can be active or deactive. After the
ONT is deactivated, the ONT receives only optical signals and does not transmit optical signals. As a
result, the ONT fails to go online.
Handling Procedure
Step 1 Check the reason why the ONU is in the deactivated state.
l If the value is set to "deactive", you can determine whether to adjust the value according
to the actual situation. If the value needs to be adjusted, run the ont activate command
on the OLT to activate the ONU.
l If the misoperation is set to "deactive", run the ont activate command on the OLT to
activate the ONU.
Step 2 On the OLT, run the display ont info command to check whether the ONU Run State is
"Online".
l If yes, it indicates that the ONU fails to go online because the ONU is deactivated.
l If not, it indicates that the ONU fails to go online because the ONU is not deactivated.
Check other causes.
----End
5.4 Troubleshooting the GPON ONU Authentication

Failure
When the GPON ONU authentication information (such as the authentication mode, SN and
password) is incorrect, the GPON ONU fails to be authenticated. In this case, the GPON
ONU fails to go online.
Fault Locating
It is found that the authentication information configured on the OLT is inconsistent with the
authentication information configured on the ONU.
1. On the OLT, run the display ont info command to query the authentication information
about ONU.

Example: To query the authentication information about ONU 0 connected to GPON

port 0/1/1, do as follows:
huawei(diagnose)# display ont info 0 1 1 0
Command: display ontinfo 0 1 1 0
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
F/S/P : 0/1/1
ONT-ID : 0
Authentic type : password-
auth
Discovery mode : always-on
mode
Discovery state :
on
Password : huawei123 //Indicates the authentication
password of the current ONU configured on the OLT.
......
2. Query the authentication information about MDU.
On the MDU, run the display password command to query the authentication
information about MDU.
huawei(config-if-gponnni-0/0/0)#display password
GPON ONU password: huawei //Indicates the authentication password of the
current ONU.
3. Query the authentication information about ONT.
On the ONT, check the authentication password configured for the ONT on the ONT
web page.
a. Log in to the Web configuration interface.
b. In the navigation tree on the left, choose System Tools > ONT Authentication. In
the pane on the right, you can query the authentication mode for the registration of
the ONT on the OLT.
Figure 5-2 ONT authentication
4. According to the query result, the password configured on the OLT is huawei123, but
the password configured on the ONU ishuawei, authentication fails due to inconsistent
authentication information.
Handling Procedure
The authentication information configured on the OLT and ONU must be the same, including
the authentication mode and password.
NOTE
The methods for modifying the authentication information of the MDU and ONT are different.

Step 1 Modifying the MDU Authentication Mode and Authentication Information.
On the MDU, run the password command to set the password used by the current device to
register with the OLT when the device functions as a GPON ONU.
Step 2 Modifying the ONT Authentication Mode and Authentication Information.
On the ONT, You can modify the information in the following way:
1. Log in to the Web configuration interface.
2. In the navigation tree on the left, choose System Tools > ONT Authentication. In the
pane on the right, you can change the authentication mode for the registration of the
ONT on the OLT.
Figure 5-3 ONT authentication
3. Click Apply.
Step 3 Modify the ONU authentication mode and authentication information configured on the OLT.
l On the OLT, run the ont modify portid ontid authtype sn-auth [ sn-value ] [ password-
auth { password-value | hexpassword-value } ] command modify the GPON ONU
authentication mode and authentication information.
Step 4 On the OLT, run the display ont info command to check whether the ONU Run State is
"Online".
l If yes, it indicates that the ONU fails to go online because the ONU authentication fails.
l If not, it indicates that the ONU fails to go online because the ONU authentication fails.
In this case, check other causes.
----End
5.5 Troubleshooting the ODN Faults

The ODN contains all lines and devices between the optical line terminal (OLT) and optical
network unit (ONU), such as backbone fibers, optical splitters, and branch fibers.
Fault Locating
When the ODN line is faulty, the transmission between the ONU and the OLT is faulty. As a
result, the ONU fails to go online.

Figure 5-4 ODN Fault
You can determine the possible causes of a fault based on the fault scope:
l The optical fiber is faulty:

– If all ONUs fail to go online, the backbone fiber and the optical component may
have faults. The OLT generates an alarm 0x2e11a001 The feeder fiber is broken
or OLT can not receive any expected optical signals(LOS).
– If a single ONU fail to go online, the branch fiber and the optical component may
have faults. The OLT generates an alarm 0x2e112007 The distribute fiber is
broken or the OLT cannot receive expected optical signals from the
ONT(LOSi/LOBi).
l Check the optical power. It is found that the attenuation of the optical power is too large
or the signal is unstable, and the packet loss is severe:
– The connector of the optical fiber connector is dirty. As a result, the optical
attenuation increases.
– The bending radius of the optical fiber is too small. As a result, the optical fiber
attenuation is too large.
– The fiber splicing quality is poor. For example, the splicing point has bubbles. As a
result, the transmission of optical signals is unstable and packet loss occurs.
Handling Procedure
For ODN line faults, refer to the following troubleshooting methods and suggestions.
Step 1 If the optical power attenuation is too large, perform the following operations:
l 6.1 Checking the Optical Power.
l 6.2 Using the OTDR to Locate Abnormal Attenuation Points on the Optical Line.
Step 2 If the fiber connector is dirty or damaged, perform the following operations:
l 6.3 Checking Whether the Optical Fiber Is Damaged Using the Red Pointer.

l 6.4 Cleaning the Connector of an Optical Fiber.
----End

Tech Notes 6 Appendix Common ODN Fault Locating Methods
6 Appendix Common ODN Fault Locating

Methods
6.1 Checking the Optical Power

Checking the optical power is a common method for ODN troubleshooting. By checking and
analyzing upstream and downstream optical power, you can determine whether the optical
line quality is good.
6.2 Using the OTDR to Locate Abnormal Attenuation Points on the Optical Line
The optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) is usually used for locating abnormal
attenuation points on the optical line.
6.3 Checking Whether the Optical Fiber Is Damaged Using the Red Pointer
The red pointer, also called visual fault locating meter or visual fault detector, sends red light
to check whether the optical fiber has red light leak to locate the damage point of an optical
fiber.
6.4 Cleaning the Connector of an Optical Fiber
This topic describes how to clean the connector of an optical fiber. Frequent insertion and
removal or not taking dustproof treatment for a long time causes the connector to be unclean
and deteriorated, which compromises the quality of the line. Therefore, you need to take
measures to prevent dust and periodically clean optical fiber connectors, including the
connector endface of an optical fiber, optical port of an optical module, and fiber adapter.
6.1 Checking the Optical Power

Checking the optical power is a common method for ODN troubleshooting. By checking and
analyzing upstream and downstream optical power, you can determine whether the optical
line quality is good.
6.1.1 Analyzing the Optical Power

In optical power analysis, the actual optical attenuation is compared with the theoretical value
to determine the quality of the optical line and locate the abnormal attenuation point in the
optical line.
The optical power attenuates after being transmitted through the optical components or optical
fibers. Normally, the actual attenuation is close to the theoretical value. If the actual

attenuation is much larger than the theoretical value, abnormal attenuation point exists in the
optical line.
Figure 6-1 shows the ODN optical line
Figure 6-1 ODN optical line
Actual optical attenuation = Upstream optical power on one side of the test point - Upstream
optical power on the other side of the test point. Alternatively, Actual optical attenuation =
Downstream optical power on one side of the test point - Downstream optical power on the
other side of the test point. These two calculated values are the same. For details about how to
measure the optical power, see 6.1.3 Measuring the Upstream Optical Power Using the
Optical Power Meter and 6.1.4 Measuring the Downstream Optical Power Using the
Optical Power Meter.
For example, to calculate the actual optical attenuation of two-level optical splitter A in
Figure 6-1, do as follows:
l Method 1: Actual optical attenuation of two-level optical splitter A = Upstream optical
power of the IN port on two-level optical splitter A - Upstream optical power of the OUT
port on two-level optical splitter A
l Method 2: Actual optical attenuation of two-level optical splitter A = Downstream
optical power of the OUT port on two-level optical splitter A - Downstream optical
power of the IN port on two-level optical splitter A

NOTE
l If the upstream optical power is used for calculating the optical attenuation of an optical splitter,
only the ONU to be tested is powered on. That is, other ONUs connected to the same optical splitter
are powered off. This ensures accurate optical power.
In the preceding example, only ONU 0, ONU 1, or ONU 2 is powered on and the other two ONUs
are powered off.
l It is recommended that you use the downstream optical power for calculating the optical attenuation
because the downstream optical is easy to measure.
l You can run commands to query the optical power if it cannot be measured onsite. However, the
optical power of an optical splitter cannot be queried using the CLI. For details, see 6.1.2 Querying
the Optical Power Using the CLI. When the CLI is used for querying the optical power, the query
result is accurate and stable if a great volume of data is transmitted; the query result has a maximum
difference of 2 dB from the actual optical power if a small volume of data is transmitted. Therefore,
it is not recommended that you run commands to query the optical power.
Table 6-1 lists theoretical optical attenuation.
Table 6-1 Theoretical optical attenuation

Component Type Average Loss (dB)
Connection Fusion splicing ≤ 0.1

point
Active connector (fiber adapter) ≤ 0.3
Mechanical splicing or quick ≤ 0.5

connector
Optical splitter 1:64 ≤ 20.5
1:32 ≤ 17.5
1:16 ≤ 13.8
1:8 ≤ 10.6
1:4 ≤ 7.5
1:2 ≤ 3.8
Optical fiber 1490 nm / 1577 nm (1 km) ≤ 0.23
1310 nm / 1270 nm (1 km) ≤ 0.35
Table 6-2 describes possible faults and causes if the actual optical attenuation is much larger
than the theoretical value.

Table 6-2 Possible faults and causes

Fault Possible Cause
Connection point (such l Cores at the two ends of an optical fiber of the mechanical
as mechanical splicing splicing point or the fusion splicing point are not aligned.
point, fusion splicing l The fusion splicing point has air bubbles.
point, active connector,
and quick connector) l The active connector or the quick connector is faulty or not
clean.
Optical splitter The optical splitter is faulty or the fiber adapter for the optical
splitter is not clean.
Optical fiber l The connector endface of an optical fiber is unclean,

scratched, or indented.
l The optical fiber connector is too tight or loose.
l Optical fiber connectors of different types are connected.
l The optical fiber is excessively bent.
l The optical fiber is damaged.
l The multi-mode optical fiber is used.
6.1.2 Querying the Optical Power Using the CLI

If the optical power cannot be measured onsite, you can query the Tx and Rx optical power of
the device using the CLI. It is not recommended that you use the CLI to query the optical
power because there is a difference between the query result and actual value.
Context
NOTE
When the CLI is used for querying the optical power, the query result is accurate and stable if a great
volume of data is transmitted; the query result has a maximum difference of 2 dB from the actual optical
power if a small volume of data is transmitted. Therefore, it is recommended that you use the optical
power meter to measure the optical power onsite.
Table 6-3 OLT commands for querying the optical power

Item Command
Rx optical power of the OLT display ont optical-info
Tx optical power of the OLT display port state
Rx optical power of the ONU display ont optical-info
Tx optical power of the ONU display ont optical-info

Table 6-4 MDU commands for querying the optical power

Item Command
Rx optical power of the ONU display port state
Tx optical power of the ONU display port state
6.1.3 Measuring the Upstream Optical Power Using the Optical

Power Meter
This topic describes how to measure the upstream optical power using the optical power
meter.
Prerequisites
l The OLT and the ONU are powered on.
l The PON port is enabled.
Tools and Materials

l A new SC/PC single-mode patch cord not longer than 1 m is recommended.
l Burst optical power meter: Measures the upstream and downstream optical power
without disconnecting a working optical line. This power meter is usually used in
external tests. It generally measures the optical power at the ingress for optical signals
and displays the result on its screen. Optical signals attenuate from their entry into the
optical power to their departure from the optical power, which affects the measurement
result. However, this attenuation is not considered in actual external tests.
Impact on the System

Services carried on the optical line will be interrupted.
Precautions
Never look into the optical port or the connector of an optical fiber without eye protection.
Never put the optical port towards the flammables.
Clean the connector of an optical fiber after testing the optical power by referring to 6.4
Cleaning the Connector of an Optical Fiber. This is because if a contaminated optical fiber
is connected to a functional optical fiber connector, the connector will be contaminated, which
leads to abnormal attenuation and reflection and therefore affects the quality of the optical
line.
Procedure
Step 1 Configure the measurement parameters of the burst optical power meter.

l Optical power unit: dBm

l Wavelength (nm): 1310
NOTE
A functional ONU does not proactively send optical signals. An ordinary optical power meter measures
only the upstream optical power or downstream optical power at one time and the optical line is
disconnected in measuring. Therefore, a bust optical power meter is required in measuring the upstream
optical power.
Step 2 Use the patch cord to connect the bust optical power meter to the measurement point in an
ODN link to measure the optical power.
Points for measuring the upstream optical power are connection points (such as mechanical
splicing points, fusion splicing points, active connector, and quick connector) in an ODN link,
IN and OUT ports of an optical splitter, OLT PON ports, and ONU PON ports.
The following figure shows measurement of the upstream optical power using an ONU PON
port as an example.
Step 3 View and record the optical power read from the burst optical power meter.
NOTE
l If the value on the optical power meter changes within a range of 0.2 dBm, take the average value.
l If the value on the optical power meter changes in a range wider than 0.2 dBm, there is a possibility that
the optical fiber is not properly connected, the optical fiber is excessively bent, or the optical fiber
connector is unclean.
l Do not bend the optical fiber. A bent optical fiber may affect the test result.
Step 4 Remove the burst optical power meter after measurement and reconnect the optical line.
Step 5 Analyze the quality of the optical line. For details, see 6.1.1 Analyzing the Optical Power.
----End
6.1.4 Measuring the Downstream Optical Power Using the Optical

Power Meter
This topic describes how to measure the downstream optical power using the optical power
meter.

Prerequisites
l The OLT and the ONU are powered on.
l The PON port is enabled.
Tools and Materials

l A new SC/PC single-mode patch cord not longer than 1 m is recommended.
l Burst optical power meter or common optical power meter
– Burst optical power meter: Measures the upstream and downstream optical power
without disconnecting a working optical line. This power meter is usually used in
external tests. It generally measures the optical power at the optical signal ingress
and displays the result on its screen. Optical signals attenuate from their entry into
the optical power to their departure from the optical power, which affects the
measurement result. However, this attenuation is not considered in actual external
tests.
– Ordinary optical power meter: Measures only the upstream or downstream optical
power at one time and the optical line is disconnected in measuring.
NOTE
When measuring the downstream optical power, disconnect the optical line and connect the optical
power meter to the measurement point. That is, you do not need to connect the optical power
meter to the optical line. The optical power meter can be the bust optical power meter or ordinary
optical power meter.

Precautions
Clean the connector of an optical fiber after testing the optical power by referring to 6.4
Cleaning the Connector of an Optical Fiber. This is because if a contaminated optical fiber
is connected to a functional optical fiber connector, the connector will be contaminated, which
leads to abnormal attenuation and reflection and therefore affects the quality of the optical
line.
Procedure
Step 1 Configure the measuring parameters of the optical power meter.
l Optical power unit: dBm
l Wavelength (nm): 1490
Step 2 Connect the optical power meter to the measurement point.

Points for measuring the downstream optical power are connection points (such as mechanical
splicing points, fusion splicing points, active connector, and quick connector) in an ODN link,
IN and OUT ports of an optical splitter, OLT PON ports, and ONU PON ports.
l If the measurement point is the IN port of an optical component (such as the IN port of
an optical splitter or the ONU PON port), remove the optical fiber of the measurement
point and connect the optical fiber to the optical power meter.
l If the measurement point is the OUT port of an optical component (such as the OUT port
of an optical splitter or the OLT PON port), remove the optical fiber of the measurement
point and use the patch cord to connect the optical power meter to the measurement
point.
The following figure shows measurement of the downstream optical power using an OLT
PON port as an example.
Step 3 View and record the optical power read from the optical power meter.
NOTE
l If the values on the optical power meter change within a range of 0.2 dBm, use the average value.
l If the values on the optical power meter change in a range wider than 0.2 dBm, there is a possibility that
the optical fiber is not properly connected, the optical fiber is excessively bent, or the optical fiber
connector is unclean.
l Do not bend the optical fiber. A bent optical fiber may affect the test result.
Step 4 Remove the optical power meter after measurement and reconnect the optical line.
Step 5 Analyze the quality of the optical line. For details, see 6.1.1 Analyzing the Optical Power.
----End
6.2 Using the OTDR to Locate Abnormal Attenuation

Points on the Optical Line
The optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) is usually used for locating abnormal
attenuation points on the optical line.

Concept
The OTDR is used to test parameters such as the optical fiber curve, return loss, fusion
splicing loss, reflection ratio, and length/attenuation/break of the optical fiber on the cable
line. The OTDR issues a laser pulse signal to the tested optical fiber, and receives the
reflected optical signal on the optical port in certain intervals. Based on the optical power of
the Rayleigh scattering and Fresnel reflection, the OTDR shows the signal trail of the whole
optical fiber. In this way, the loss of different parts on the optical fiber and the fiber end
position can be determined based on the test result.
Figure 6-2 shows the procedure for testing the performance (such as the loss) of the fiber line
by using the OTDR.
Figure 6-2 OTDR test procedure
Rayleigh scattering
When the optical fiber is heated during manufacturing, thermal agitation causes uneven atom
compression, which leads to uneven material density, and further leads to uneven refraction
ratio. When the optical fiber is cooled, the unevenness is fixed and it arises optical scattering,
which is called Rayleigh scattering. The Rayleigh scattering is an inherent feature of the
optical fiber. Points that can generate Rayleigh scattering exist on the entire optical fiber and
they are continuous.
Fresnel reflection
The Fresnel reflection generally occurs on discrete interfaces such as the connector and
adapter. It is caused by air gap, misalignment or refraction mismatch. The Fresnel reflection is
a discrete reflection and it is generated on some discrete points of the fiber. The reflection
points generally include the fiber connector (at the gap between the glass and the air), smooth
mirror cross section that blocks the optical fiber, and the fiber end.
OTDR dynamic range
The OTDR dynamic range is a physical quantity used to test the maximum capacity of events
on the fiber line. It determines the longest fiber distance that the OTDR can measure. If the
OTDR dynamic range is small and the tested optical fiber is with high loss, the remote end
may be displayed as noise in the OTDR curve.

Deadzone
A deadzone is two events that are close to each other but still can be measured, namely, the
resolution of two events. The deadzone of the OTDR is a certain range within which the
OTDR curve cannot reflect the fiber line status due to the impact of Fresnel reflection.
Attenuation deadzone is the part of OTDR trail whose measured data is covered by a strong
reflection. Event deadzone is the minimum distance between two reflection events when they
can still be distinguished. In this case, the distance between two events can be measured, but
the loss of each of them cannot be measured.
Event
An event on the optical fiber is anything (apart from normal scattering of the optical material
itself) that causes loss or reflection. The event includes all kinds of connections and damages
(such as bends, cracks or breaks). An event can be reflective or non-reflective. A reflective
event occurs when some pulse energy is reflected (for example on a connector), and it
generates a peak signal on the trail. A non-reflective event occurs on the optical fiber at the
part where some loss is generated but no reflection occurs, and it generates an angle on the
trail.
Optical attenuation
The attenuation of the optical fiber is the power loss occurred when optical signals travel
along the optical fiber. The unit of the attenuation (A) is dB, and the attenuation can be
calculated using the following formula: A = 10 x lgP1/P2. In the formula, A is the attenuation,
P1 is the optical power of the input end, and P2 is the optical power of the output end.

Precautions
l Select the OTDR whose test wavelength is the same as communication wavelength of
the tested system.
l Select test instruments that are of good performance.
l Select the OTDR with a relatively large memory.
l Select the OTDR with USB port or network cable to facilitate data reading.
l Select the OTDR that is with a relatively long power supply duration and then prepare
for power supplying.
l Do not replace the test instruments during the test to prevent great change of the test
value.
l Record the parameter settings and test results of the instrument in detail during the test.
After the test, collect and save the record data for reference in subsequent maintenance.
l Before storing the instruments, fully charge their batteries to extend the life cycle of the
batteries. If the instruments are idle for a long time, charge and discharge the batteries at
least once every three months.
l Clean the connector of an optical fiber after testing the optical power by referring to 6.4
Cleaning the Connector of an Optical Fiber. This is because if a contaminated optical
fiber is connected to a functional optical fiber connector, the connector will be
contaminated, which leads to abnormal attenuation and reflection and therefore affects
the quality of the optical line.

Procedure
Step 1 Connect the tested line.
1. Disconnect the light source of the tested fiber line.
2. If the OTDR optical port does not match the connector of the tested optical fiber, prepare
a 300-2000 m transitional patch cord, with one end matching the OTDR optical port and
the other end matching the connector of the tested optical fiber.
NOTE
If the OTDR optical port matches the connector of the tested optical fiber, an additional 300-2000
m optical fiber can be used to process the deadzone and to test the insertion loss of the terminal
connector. The additional optical fiber includes the following two types: the transmitting optical
fiber and receiving optical fiber. The transmitting optical fiber is connected between the OTDR
optical port and the connector of the tested optical fiber. It is used to cover the front deadzone so
that the front part of the tested optical fiber is in the linear stable zone of the OTDR curve, and to
measure the insertion loss of the front connector. The receiving optical fiber is connected to the
end of the tested optical fiber. It is used to prevent the Fresnel reflection peak from affecting the
measurement of the event that occurs close to the end of the tested optical fiber, and to measure the
insertion loss of the rear connector.
3. Clean the OTDR optical port and the fiber connector by using alcohol.
NOTE
Avoid other detergents or refractive index matching liquid that dissolve the adhesive in the fiber
connector.
4. Connect the tested line, as shown in Figure 6-3.
Figure 6-3 Connecting the tested line
1. Transitional patch cord 2. Connector 3. Connection point
Step 2 Set parameters.

1. Set the mode.
The following modes can be used as required: automatic, manual and fault locating.

NOTE
– The automatic mode is used in common tests.

– The manual mode is used in the following situations:
1. The event point is determined and located incorrectly in a short-distance (within tens of
meters) or ultra-long-distance test.
2. Test results of the same optical fiber are different in different tests.
– The fault locating mode is used to fast locate obvious fault positions.
2. Set the wavelength.
Generally, the test wavelength is the same as the communication wavelength of the
tested system. For example, if the system opens a wavelength of 1550 nm, the test
wavelength must also be 1550 nm.
3. Set the pulse width.
The pulse width varies with the distance of the tested optical fiber. The shorter the
distance, the smaller the pulse width. Figure 6-4 shows reference values for setting the
pulse width.
Figure 6-4 Reference values for setting the pulse width
4. Set the measurement range.
The best measurement range is between 1.5 times and twice the length of the tested
optical fiber.
NOTE
– In actual tests, perform the automatic test that is of the maximum measurement range first to
locate the faulty section, and then select a proper measurement range that is larger than and
closest to the tested distance. In this way, the accuracy of the OTDR is utilized sufficiently.
– Keep the measurement range twice the length of the tested optical fiber to prevent second
reflection at the fiber end.
– If the measurement range is shorter than twice the length of the tested optical fiber, second
reflection peak of the fiber end may occur on the even test curve, hence causing the ghost,
which leads to a feint that the optical fiber line is faulty.
5. Set the average time.
Generally, the average time is around 30s. The recommended average time is 20s or 30s.
6. Set fiber parameters.

The refraction ratio n and backscattering coefficient η can be set based on the ratio and
coefficient provided by the manufacturer. If the provided values cannot be obtained, use
the default values of the instrument.
NOTE
– If different sections of optical fibers are of different refraction ratios, set the refraction ratio by
section to reduce test errors caused by inaccurate settings.
– If the refraction ratio error is 0.001, the measured distance error can be 0.7 m/km.
7. Set the event threshold.
The setting of the event threshold depends on your interested events. Table 6-5 lists
reference values for setting the event threshold.
Table 6-5 Reference values for setting the event threshold

Threshold Minimum Value Default Value Maximum Value
(Unit: dB) (Unit: dB) (Unit: dB)
Fusion splicing 0.01 All 1.99

point
Reflection -98.00 All -11.00
Fiber end 3.00 Automatic 20.00

detection
Step 3 Test the performance of the optical fiber.

l Test the fiber curve.
a. Select Start to perform the test.
b. The test result is the fiber curve.
l Test the return loss.
a. Enter the test interface after testing the fiber curve.
b. Select Return Loss. Then two marking lines A and B are displayed on the
interface.
c. Move the marking lines A and B to delimit the area for testing the return loss.
d. Select Return Loss Test to obtain the return loss of area A-B.
l Test the fusion splicing loss.
b. Select 4-pt SPL. Then four marking lines a, A, B and b are displayed on the fiber
curve.
c. Move marking lines a and A to the start point and end point of the linear area before
the tested event respectively, and move marking lines B and b to the start point and
end point of the linear area after the tested event respectively, as shown in Figure
6-5.

Figure 6-5 Setting the marking lines for a fusion splice event
1. Tested fusion splice event
d. Select Fusion Splicing Loss and perform the test. The test result is the loss value of
the fusion splice event.
l Test the reflection ratio.
b. Select 4-pt SPL. Then three marking lines a, A and B are displayed on the fiber
curve.
c. Move marking lines a and A to the start point and end point of the linear area before
the tested event respectively, and move marking line B at the peek of the tested
event, as shown in Figure 6-6.
Figure 6-6 Setting the marking lines for a reflection event
d. Select Reflection Coefficient and perform the test. The test result is the reflection
ratio of the reflection event.
l Test the length/attenuation/break of the optical fiber.
a. Enter the interface of the event list after testing the fiber curve.
b. Check the length of the optical fiber displayed in the event list.
c. Check whether the fiber curve is consecutive. If the curve is consecutive, the optical
fiber is not broken. Otherwise, the optical fiber is broken.
d. Check the attenuation of the optical fiber between two points by reading the vertical
level difference between them directly from the fiber curve.

Step 4 Save the test data.

l Common saving mode of the test data includes the OTDR curve mode and figure mode.
l To save the test data using a USB disk, insert the USB disk directly into the USB port on
the OTDR and then export the files.
l To save the test data using a network cable, connect the computer to the OTDR by using
the network cable and then export the files.
Step 5 Analyze the data.

1. Check the trail whose vertical axis displays the optical power and horizontal axis
displays the distance. The test trail shows the optical power of the return signal relative
to the distance.
NOTE
– Normally, the slopes of each section (such as single or multiple spools of optical cables) on the
entire curve are basically the same in an OTDR test.
– A greater slope in a section indicates a greater attenuation in it.
– If the entire curve is anomalous with large change of slopes or is bent or bracket-shaped, the
quality of the optical fiber degrades severely.
2. Analyze the event.
Figure 6-7 shows common events.
Figure 6-7 Common events
1. Mechanical splicing point 2. Connection point of the patch cord 3. Fusion splicing point
4. Connector 5. Fiber end
Figure 6-8 shows common curves of fiber faults.

Figure 6-8 Common curves of fiber faults
1. Macro-bend 2. Break
3. Extrusion 4. Incorrect connection or ghost
NOTE
– Ghost: The position of the ghost is generally an integer multiple of the distance from a strong-
reflection event to the instrument, and no loss occurs at the position. The ghost can be cleared
by selecting a short pulse width or adding attenuation to the front part (such as the OTDR
output end) of the strong-reflection even. If the event causing ghost occurs at the fiber end,
make a small bending to increase the attenuation for the optical signal that reflects back to the
start part.
– Positive gain: Some connectors are displayed as amplifiers, and the power level seems to be
increased by certain gain. Positive gain is caused by the situation that more backscattering
optical signals are reflected in the optical fiber after the fusion splicing point than the fiber
before the fusion splicing point. Actually, the fusion splicing loss occurs at the fusion splicing
point of the optical fiber. The actual loss can be obtained as follows: Perform multiple
measurements from the other end opposite to the end where amplifiers are displayed to obtain
the measured loss values of the fusion splicing point, and then calculate the average loss; the
difference between the gain and the average loss is the actual loss of the fusion splicing point.
– Fiber connection: Main factors that affect cable safety are mechanical damages. An
excessively large connection loss does not affect the connection intensity. Therefore, in the
cases that some connecting loss values are excessively large with about 1% of them exceeding
the standard value, and the values do not decrease after multiple re-connecting, the fiber
connection can still be determined as qualified.
----End
6.3 Checking Whether the Optical Fiber Is Damaged Using

the Red Pointer
The red pointer, also called visual fault locating meter or visual fault detector, sends red light
to check whether the optical fiber has red light leak to locate the damage point of an optical
fiber.

Context
You can directly see the position with red light leak by using the red pointer. For onsite
observation, it can only be used for locating the damage point of an optical fiber in a short
distance.
An optical fiber is generally damaged on the bare fiber, coiled fiber or fusion splicing point.
Precautions
Never look directly into the optical fiber connector or the laser transmit port on the optical
port board without eye protection. Never put the optical port towards the flammables.
Procedure
Step 1 Place the red pointer on the endface of an optical fiber and send red light.
Step 2 Check whether the optical fiber has red light leak. If the red light leaks, the fiber is damaged.
Step 3 Replace or re-splice the optical fiber that has red light leak.
l Replace the optical fiber if its bending is excessively large.
NOTE
The bending diameter of an optical fiber must be longer than 6 cm.
l Splice the optical fiber again if air bubbles exist at the splicing point.
----End
6.4 Cleaning the Connector of an Optical Fiber

This topic describes how to clean the connector of an optical fiber. Frequent insertion and
removal or not taking dustproof treatment for a long time causes the connector to be unclean
and deteriorated, which compromises the quality of the line. Therefore, you need to take

measures to prevent dust and periodically clean optical fiber connectors, including the
connector endface of an optical fiber, optical port of an optical module, and fiber adapter.
Prerequisites
Prepare the cleaning tools before cleaning, and follow the instructions in "Precautions".
Context
A large number of optical fiber connectors are used in optical transmission, which are easy to
be contaminated in OM. The dust particles that can be seen by a microscope affect the quality
of optical signals. As a result, the system performance deteriorates and network stability is
affected. For two connected optical components, dust particles may damage the surface of the
optical fiber. If the cladding or edge of an optical fiber has dust particles, the cores of two
connected optical fibers may not be exactly aligned. As a result, the quality of optical signals
is affected.
A 1 μm dust particle on a single-mode optical fiber blocks 1% optical signals and therefore
leads to 0.05 dB attenuation loss. A 9 μm dust particle is hard to be seen without a microscope
but it completely blocks the core of an optical fiber. Therefore, even an extremely small
contaminant that can only be found by an instrument such as a microscope may block the
connector of an optical fiber. Besides dust particles, the following contaminants need to be
cleaned away:
l Grease (usually brought by hands)
l Condensation residues
l Powder (evaporation residues of water or solvent)
Such contaminants will also damage optical components and are more difficult to clean away
than dust particles. To clean optical components, you must follow the corresponding steps.
Tools and Materials

The following lists commonly used cleaning tools and materials:
l Optical power meter: used for testing whether the laser on the connector of an optical
fiber is disabled.
l Lint-free wipe: a piece of long silk cotton specially used for cleaning the connector
endfaces of an optical fiber.
l Lint-free swab: used for cleaning the optical port of an optical module, and a fiber
adapter. It has two specifications: ф2.5 mm and ф1.25 mm. You can select one according
to the port type (use the lint-free swab with ф2.5 mm for the ports of SC and FC types,
and use that with ф1.25 mm for the ports of LC and MTRJ types).
l Protective cap: used on the connector of an optical fiber, optical port of an optical
module, and fiber adapter.
l Cleaning tool box: used for placing lint-free wipes and protective caps. Place lint-free
wipes and protective caps separately from other tools.
l Cleaning reagent (alcohol): used for cleaning the connector of an optical fiber. It is
flammable and therefore must be safely stored and kept clean.
l Optical fiber endface magnifier: a microscope (400*) used for checking whether the
connector endface of an optical fiber is clean and smooth.


An optical module must be powered off before its port is cleaned. In this case, services carried
on the optical port will be interrupted.
Precautions
l Never look into the optical port or the connector of an optical fiber without eye protection.
Never put an optical port towards the flammables.
l Never clean an optical fiber connector when the laser is on.
l ESD discharge damages the equipment. To remove or insert a pluggable optical module
before or after cleaning, wear an ESD wrist strap or ESD gloves.
l Put a protective cap into the cleaning tool box immediately after taking it off. Place
unused protective caps in the cleaning tool box, or in the ESD bag for sealed storage.
Clean protective caps quarterly (it is recommended to clean them by using an ultrasonic
cleaner).
l Keep your hands clean and dry before cutting a lint-free wipe, and place unused lint-free
wipes in the clean ESD bag or the cleaning tool box for sealed storage.
l After the cleaning, cover the connector of the optical fiber, optical module, and fiber
adapter that will not be immediately used with protective caps.
Procedure
l Clean the connector endface of an optical fiber.
a. Power off the laser of the connector before cleaning. Disconnect the optical fiber (at
both ends) to be cleaned.
b. Use the optical power meter to test the optical power and ensure that no optical
signals are sent from the connector of the optical fiber.
c. Clip a piece of lint-free wipe into 32 small pieces of the same size.
d. Use a dry lint-free wipe (two-layer) to wipe the connector endface of the optical
fiber along one direction once. For a seriously contaminated connector, use a lint-
free wipe (two-layer) dipped with a little cleaning reagent to wipe the connector
endface of the optical fiber along one direction once, and then use a dry lint-free
wipe (two-layer) to wipe it along one direction once again for ensuring that the
connector endface is dry
NOTE
l A lint-free wipe can be used only once. Use the portion of the lint-free wipe that is not
touched by your hands.
l You can use the optical fiber end magnifier to check the cleaning and abrasion condition
of an optical fiber connector.
e. After the cleaning, do not touch the connector. Connect the optical fiber (at both
ends) immediately. Cover the optical connectors that will not be immediately used
with protective caps.
f. Power on the laser.

l Clean the optical port of an optical module.

a. Power off the laser of the optical module before cleaning. Disconnect the optical
fiber (at both ends) from the optical module.
signals are sent from the port of the optical module.
c. Wear an ESD wrist strap or ESD gloves to remove a pluggable optical module.
d. Select lint-free swabs with a suitable diameter according to the type of the optical
port. Dip a swab with the cleaning reagent, insert the swab into the inside of the
optical port, and then clean it by rotating the swab 360 degrees in one direction
along the inner wall of the optical port.
NOTE
The lint-free swab with ф2.5 mm is used for the ports of SC and FC types and that with ф1.25
mm is used for the ports of LC and MTRJ types.
e. Insert a dry swab of the same type into the inside of the optical port and clean it by
rotating the swab 360 degrees in one direction along the inner wall of the optical
port.
f. After the cleaning, connect the optical fiber (at both ends). Cover the ports of the
optical modules that will not be immediately used with protective caps. Wear an
ESD wrist strap or ESD gloves to insert a pluggable optical module.
g. Power on the laser.
l Clean a fiber adapter.
a. Power off the laser of the optical port before cleaning. Disconnect the optical fiber
(at both ends) from the fiber adapter.
signals are sent from the connector of the fiber adapter.
c. Select lint-free swabs with a suitable diameter according to the type of the fiber
adapter. Dip a swab with the cleaning reagent, insert the swab into the socket inside
the fiber adapter, and then clean it by rotating the swab 360 degrees in one direction
along the inner wall of the fiber adapter.
NOTE
The lint-free swab with ф2.5 mm is used for the ports of SC and FC types and that with ф1.25
mm is used for the ports of LC and MTRJ types.
d. Insert a dry swab of the same type into the socket inside the fiber adapter and clean
it by rotating the swab 360 degrees in one direction along the inner wall of the fiber
adapter.
NOTE
Use an ultrasonic cleaner to clean fiber adapters when there are a large quantity of them.
e. After the cleaning, connect the optical fiber (at both ends). Cover the fiber adapters
that will not be immediately used with protective caps.
f. Power on the laser.
----End

Tech Notes 7 Glossary
7 Glossary
FTTB Fiber To The Building
FTTC Fiber To The Curb
FTTH Fiber To The Home
MDU Multi-Dwelling Unit
OLT Optical Line Terminal
ODN Optical Distribution Network
ONT Optical Network Terminal
ODF Optical Distribution Frame
ONU Optical Network Unit
OTDR Optical Time Domain Reflectometer

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1 About This Document.................................................................................................................. 1

6 Appendix Common ODN Fault Locating Methods..............................................................19

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Indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if

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Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not

Calls attention to important information, best practices

01 2019-03-12 This is the first release.

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2 What Is a GPON ONU?

Figure 2-1 FTTH Solution Network

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Figure 2-2 FTTB/FTTC Solution Network

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3 What Is a GPON ONU Failing to Go

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4 GPON ONU Online Process

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Figure 4-1 GPON ONU Online Process

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5 Troubleshooting GPON ONU Fails to Go

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Figure 5-1 GPON ONU Fails to Go Online Fault Location Roadmap

5.1 Troubleshooting the OLT Device Faults

5.1 Troubleshooting the OLT Device Faults

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l Port state is "Online", it indicates that the GPON port is normal.

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The common abnormal states of service boards are as follows:

5.2 Troubleshooting the GPON ONU Device Faults

Table 5-1 PON and LOS indicators of the ONT

off off The PON terminal is prohibited by the upper-

Blinks twice a off The PON terminal attempts to set up a

Steady on off A connection is set up between the PON

Blinks once Blinks once two The hardware is faulty.

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LINK Gree on The link functions properly and a connection is

Gree off The link malfunctions and no connections are

AUT Gree on An authentication is successful.

Gree Blinking (on for An authentication is being performed.

Gree off No authentication is being performed.

5.3 Troubleshooting the GPON ONU is Deactivated

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5.4 Troubleshooting the GPON ONU Authentication

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Example: To query the authentication information about ONU 0 connected to GPON

Figure 5-2 ONT authentication

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Step 1 Modifying the MDU Authentication Mode and Authentication Information.

Step 2 Modifying the ONT Authentication Mode and Authentication Information.

Figure 5-3 ONT authentication

5.5 Troubleshooting the ODN Faults

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