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QUESTION 1
(a) (i)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡
Determine and in order to use the result = ×
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥
𝑡
𝑥=
1+𝑡
𝑑𝑥 1(1 + 𝑡) − 𝑡(1) 𝑡
= 2
=
𝑑𝑡 (1 + 𝑡) (1 + 𝑡)2
𝑡3
𝑦=
1+𝑡
𝑑𝑦 3𝑡 2 (1 + 𝑡) − 𝑡 3 (1) 3𝑡 2 + 3𝑡 3 − 𝑡 3 3𝑡 2 + 2𝑡 3
= = =
𝑑𝑡 (1 + 𝑡)2 (1 + 𝑡)2 (1 + 𝑡)2
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡
= ×
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 3𝑡 2 + 2𝑡 3 (1 + 𝑡)2
= × = 3𝑡 2 + 2𝑡 3
𝑑𝑥 (1 + 𝑡)2 1
1 1
Determine the corresponding value of 𝑡 when 𝑥 = or (𝑦 = )
2 2
1 𝑡
=
2 1+𝑡
1 + 𝑡 = 2𝑡
1=𝑡
𝑑𝑦
∴ = 3(1)2 + 2(1)3 = 5
𝑑𝑥
(a) (ii)
Equation of tangent
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐
1 1
= 5( ) + 𝑐
2 2
−2 = 𝑐
𝑦 = 5𝑥 − 2
At 𝑥 intercept 𝑦 = 0
0 = 5𝑥 − 2
2
=𝑥 → 𝑥 intercept
5
(b)
𝜕𝑓
= 𝑘 sin(𝑎𝑘𝑦) cos(𝑘𝑥)
𝜕𝑥
𝜕2𝑓
= 𝑎𝑘 2 cos(𝑘𝑥) cos(𝑎𝑘𝑦)
𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦
(c)
When 𝑛 = 5
cos 5𝜃 + 𝑖 sin 5𝜃
= 1 cos 5 𝜃 + 5 cos 4 𝜃 (𝑖 sin 𝜃) + 10 cos 3 𝜃 (𝑖 sin 𝜃)2 + 10cos 2 𝜃 (𝑖 sin 𝜃)3 + 5cos 𝜃 (𝑖 sin 𝜃)4 + 1(𝑖 sin 𝜃)5
= cos 5 𝜃 + 5𝑖 cos 4 𝜃 sin 𝜃 − 10 cos 3 𝜃 sin2 𝜃 − 10𝑖 cos 2 𝜃 sin3 𝜃 + 5 cos 𝜃 sin4 𝜃 + 𝑖 sin5 𝜃
(d)
(i) 𝑧 = 1 − 𝑖
1 𝜋
arg 𝑧 = − tan−1 ( ) = −
1 4
𝜋
𝑧 = √2𝑒 − 4 𝑖
𝜋 9
(ii) (1 − 𝑖)9 = (√2𝑒 − 4 𝑖 )
9 9𝜋
= (√2) 𝑒 − 4 𝑖
The principal argument −𝜋 < 𝜃 < 𝜋
9𝜋 9𝜋 𝜋
− →− + 2𝜋 = −
4 4 4
𝜋
= 16√2𝑒 − 4 𝑖
= 16(1 − 𝑖)
QUESTION 2
(a) (i)
∫ 𝑥 5 cos(𝑥 3 ) 𝑑𝑥
Let 𝑡 = 𝑥 3
𝑑𝑡
= 3𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡
= 𝑑𝑥
3𝑥 2
1
∫ 𝑥 5 cos(𝑥 3 ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 5 cos 𝑡 ( 2 ) 𝑑𝑡
3𝑥
1
= ∫ 𝑡 cos 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
3
𝑢=𝑡 → 𝑑𝑢 = 1
𝑑𝑣 = cos 𝑡 → 𝑣 = sin 𝑡
1 1
∫ 𝑡 cos 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = [𝑡 sin 𝑡 − ∫ sin 𝑡]
3 3
1
= [𝑡 sin 𝑡 + cos 𝑡]
3
1
∴ ∫ 𝑥 5 cos(𝑥 3 ) 𝑑𝑥 = [𝑥 3 sin(𝑥 3 ) + cos(𝑥 3 )]
3
(a) (ii)
𝑒 2𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥
√1 − 𝑒 4𝑥
𝑒 2𝑥
=∫ 𝑑𝑥
√1 − (𝑒 2𝑥 )2
1
= sin−1 𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑐
2
(b) (i)
𝑥4 + 1 𝐴 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸
2 2
= + 2 + 2
𝑥(𝑥 + 1) 𝑥 𝑥 +1 (𝑥 + 1)2
= 𝐴𝑥 4 + 2𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐴 + 𝐵𝑥 4 + 𝐶𝑥 3 + 𝐵𝑥 2 + 𝐶𝑥 + 𝐷𝑥 2 + 𝐸𝑥
Equating constants
1=𝐴
Equating coefficients of 𝑥 4
1=𝐴+𝐵
0=𝐵
Equating coefficients of 𝑥 3
0=𝐶
Equating coefficients of 𝑥 2
0 = 2𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐷
−2 = 𝐷
Equating coefficients of 𝑥
0= 𝐶+𝐸
0=𝐸
𝑥4 + 1 1 2𝑥
= −
𝑥(𝑥 2 + 1)2 𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 1)2
(b) (ii)
𝑥4 + 1 1 2𝑥
∫ 2 2
𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥(𝑥 + 1) 𝑥 (𝑥 + 1)2
1
=∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 2𝑥(𝑥 2 + 1)−2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
(𝑥 2 + 1)−1
= ln 𝑥 − +𝑐
−1
1
= ln 𝑥 + +𝑐
𝑥2 +1
QUESTION 3
(a) (i)
𝑎2 = √2 + √2
𝑎3 = √2 + √2 + √2
(a) (ii)
𝑃1 : 𝑎1 = √2 < 3
Therefore 𝑃1 is true.
𝑃𝑘 : 𝑎𝑘 ≤ 3
𝑃𝑘+1 : 𝑎𝑘+1 ≤ 3
Now
𝑎𝑘+1 = √2 + 𝑎𝑘
𝑎1 = √2
𝑎2 = √2 + √2
𝑎1 < 𝑎2
Therefore, 𝑃1 is true.
Assume 𝑃𝑛 is true for 𝑛 = 𝑘
𝑃𝑘 : 𝑎𝑘 < 𝑎𝑘+1
Now
𝑎𝑘+1 = √2 + 𝑎𝑘
𝑎𝑘+2 = √2 + 𝑎𝑘+1
(b) (i)
2 2
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 −𝑥 → 𝑓(0) = 𝑒 −0 = 1
2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −2𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 → 𝑓 ′ (0) = 0
2 2 2 2
𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = −2𝑒 −𝑥 + (−2𝑥)(−2𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 ) = −2𝑒 −𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 𝑒 −𝑥 → 𝑓 ′′ (0) = −2
2 2 2 2 2
𝑓 ′′′ (𝑥) = 4𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 + 8𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 (−2𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 ) = 12𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 − 8𝑥 3 𝑒 −𝑥 → 𝑓 ′′′ (0) = 0
2 2 2 2
𝑓 ′′′′ (𝑥) = 12𝑒 −𝑥 + 12𝑥(−2𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 ) − 24𝑥 2 𝑒 −𝑥 − 8𝑥 3 (−2𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 ) → 𝑓 ′′′′ (0) = 12
2 2 12 4 1
𝑓(𝑥) ≈ 1 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 ≈ 1 − 𝑥2 + 𝑥4
2! 4! 2
∞
(−1)𝑘 𝑥 2𝑘 (−1)0 𝑥 0 (−1)1 𝑥 2 (−1)2 𝑥 4
𝑓(𝑥) = ∑ = + + +⋯
𝑘! 0! 1! 2!
𝑘=0
1
= 1 − 𝑥2 + 𝑥4
2
(b) (ii)
Series is valid
𝑢𝑘+1
lim | |<1
𝑘→∞ 𝑢𝑘
𝑢𝑘+1 (−1)𝑘+1 (𝑥 2𝑘+2 ) 𝑘! (−1)𝑥 2
= × =
𝑢𝑘 (𝑘 + 1)! (−1)𝑘 𝑥 2𝑘 (𝑘 + 1)
𝑥2
lim |− |<1
𝑘→∞ 𝑘+1
0<1
Since this is true for all values of 𝑥, the series is valid for all values of 𝑥.
(c)
1
When 𝑛 = 1: sin(1) − sin ( )
2
1 1
When 𝑛 = 2: sin ( ) − sin ( )
2 3
1 1
When 𝑛 = 3: sin ( ) − sin ( )
3 4
1 1
When 𝑛 = 𝑛 − 1: sin ( ) − sin ( )
𝑛−1 𝑛
1 1
When 𝑛 = 𝑛: sin ( ) − sin ( )
𝑛 𝑛+1
1 1 1
∑ (sin ( ) − sin ( )) = sin(1) − sin ( )
𝑛 𝑛+1 𝑛+1
1
lim (sin(1) − sin ( )) = sin(1) − sin(0) = sin 1
𝑛→∞ 𝑛+1
QUESTION 4
(a)
3 8
Coefficient of 𝑥 7 of (𝑥 2 − )
𝑥
8 3 3
= ( ) (𝑥 2 )5 (− )
3 𝑥
27
= 56𝑥 10 (− )
𝑥3
= −1512𝑥 7
Coefficient is −1512
(b)
𝑛
𝐶𝑟 + 𝑛𝐶𝑟−1
𝑛! 𝑛!
= +
(𝑛 − 𝑟)! 𝑟! (𝑛 − (𝑟 − 1))! (𝑟 − 1)!
𝑛! 𝑛!
= +
(𝑛 − 𝑟)! 𝑟! (𝑛 − 𝑟 + 1)! (𝑟 − 1)!
𝑛! 𝑛!
= +
(𝑛 − 𝑟)! 𝑟(𝑟 − 1)! (𝑛 − 𝑟 + 1)(𝑛 − 𝑟)! (𝑟 − 1)!
𝑛! (𝑛 − 𝑟 + 1) 𝑛! 𝑟
= +
(𝑛 − 𝑟 + 1)(𝑛 − 𝑟)! 𝑟(𝑟 − 1)! (𝑛 − 𝑟 + 1)(𝑛 − 𝑟)! 𝑟(𝑟 − 1)!
𝑛! (𝑛 − 𝑟 + 1) + 𝑛! 𝑟
=
(𝑛 − 𝑟 + 1)(𝑛 − 𝑟)! 𝑟(𝑟 − 1)!
𝑛! (𝑛 − 𝑟 + 1 + 𝑟)
=
(𝑛 − 𝑟 + 1)! 𝑟!
(𝑛 + 1)!
=
(𝑛 + 1 − 𝑟)! 𝑟!
𝑛+1
= 𝐶𝑟
(c)(i)
𝑓(1) = 3.16121
𝑓(1.5) = −1.09205
By the Intermediate Value Theorem there must be some 𝑐 ∈ [1, 1.5] such that 𝑓(𝑐) = 0. Therefore, there is a
root between 1 and 1.5.
(c) (ii)
1.5 − 𝛼 1.09205
=
𝛼−1 3.16121
4.74182 − 3.16121𝛼 = 1.09205𝛼 − 1.09205
5.83387 = 4.25326𝛼
1.3716 = 𝛼
𝑓(1.3716) = 4 cos(1.3716) − (1.3716)3 + 2 = 0.21115
1.5 − 𝛼 1.09205
=
𝛼 − 1.3716 0.21115
0.21115(1.5 − 𝛼) = 1.09205(𝛼 − 1.3716)
1.814585 = 1.3032𝛼
1.3924 = 𝛼
1.5 − 𝛼 1.09205
=
𝛼 − 1.3924 0.0103
0.0103(1.5 − 𝛼) = 1.09205(𝛼 − 1.3924)
1.53605 = 1.1024𝛼
1.3934 = 𝛼
Since the last two approximations, correct to 2 decimal places, are both 1.39. The root is approximately 1.39.
2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3𝑒 𝑥 +
𝑥
𝑥1 = 0.2
3𝑒 0.2 + 2 ln(0.2) − 1
𝑥2 = 0.2 − = 0.2406
2
3𝑒 0.2 +
0.2
QUESTION 5
(a) (i) 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0.17
(b) CASE 1: Mr Smith is on the committee, his wife is on the committee and 2 persons from the remaining 6
6
𝐶2 = 15
CASE 2: Mrs Smith is on the committee but not Mr Smith and 3 persons from the remaining 6
6
𝐶3 = 20
CASE 3: Neither Mr nor Mrs Smith is on the committee and 4 persons chosen from the remaining 6
6
𝐶4 = 15
Number of committees is 15 + 20 + 15 = 50
2 × 4! × 2 = 96
4! × 3 = 72
1
𝐴[ 𝐵] = 𝐼
88
1
𝐴−1 = 𝐵
88
(d) (ii)
5 −2 3 𝑥 7
(0 3 −4) (𝑦) = ( 11 )
2 0 6 𝑧 −6
𝑥 1 18 12 −1 7
(𝑦 ) = (−8 24 20 ) ( 11 )
𝑧 88
−6 −4 15 −6
𝑥 1 264
(𝑦 ) = ( 88 )
𝑧 88
−176
𝑥 3
(𝑦 ) = ( 1 )
𝑧 −2
QUESTION 6
(a)
1
𝑦 cos 𝑥 = − cos 2𝑥 + 𝑐
2
2cos 2 𝑥 − 1
𝑦 cos 𝑥 = − +𝐶
2
1
𝑦 cos 𝑥 = − cos 2 𝑥 + 𝐶
2
1 𝐶
𝑦= − cos 𝑥 +
2 cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥
1
𝑦= sec 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 + 𝐶 sec 𝑥
2
(ii) 𝑦(0) = 0
1
0= sec(0) − cos(0) + 𝐶 sec(0)
2
1
0= (1) − 1 + 𝐶
2
1
𝐶=
2
1 1
𝑦= sec 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 + sec 𝑥
2 2
𝑦 = sec 𝑥 − cos 𝑥
(b) (i) 𝑦 ′′ + 2𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥
Auxiliary equation
𝑢2 + 2𝑢 + 1 = 0
(𝑢 + 1)2 = 0
𝑢 = −1, −1
𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑥 (𝐶𝑥 + 𝐷)
Equating 𝑒 −𝑥 terms
2𝐵𝑒 −𝑥 = 0𝑒 −𝑥
→𝐵=0
Equating 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 terms
(6𝐴 − 2𝐵 − 2𝐵 + 4𝐵)𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 = 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥
→ 6𝐴 = 1
1
𝐴=
6
Particular Integral
1
𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑥 (𝐶𝑥 + 𝐷) + 𝑥 3 𝑒 −𝑥
6