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Classroom Note
A NOTE ON CALCULATING STEADY STATE
RESULTS FOR AN M/M/k QUEUING SYSTEM
WHEN THE RATIO OF THE ARRIVAL RATE
TO THE SERVICE RATE IS LARGE
BARRY ALAN PASTERNACK AND ZVI DREZNER
Department o.f Management Science/Information Systems, California
State University-Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA.
Abstract. The formulas for calculating steady state results for the M/M/k queuing system are
well known. Computational difficulties, however, can arise in using these formulas in situations in
which the ratio of the arrival rate to the service rate is high. In this paper we consider a recursive
approach for calculating steady state results which avoid such computational difficulties. As an
additional benefit, such formulas are far easier to program into a spreadsheet package than the
traditional formulas presented in most management science texts.
and
P,(k) k
for n > k (14)
y(k) +
The above formulas will work for any value of a (although for values of a >_ k
the values calculated by the formulas are meaningless) and are easy to program in
a spreadsheet. For example, consider the case where a 1000. If k 1001, we
see from equation (1) that P0(1001) e -l 0. Using a spreadsheet program
to calculate equation (9) recursively, gives a value of V(1001) 40.34352 and from
equation (12) we obtain the value of 961.2582 for Lq(1001). In the case where
a 145, P14o(146) is calculated to be .005801 using equation (13) while P147(146)
is calculated to be .011036 using equation (14).
Reference
Special Issue on
Time-Dependent Billiards
Call for Papers
This subject has been extensively studied in the past years Guest Editors
for one-, two-, and three-dimensional space. Additionally,
Edson Denis Leonel, Departamento de Estatística,
such dynamical systems can exhibit a very important and still
Matemática Aplicada e Computação, Instituto de
unexplained phenomenon, called as the Fermi acceleration
Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual
phenomenon. Basically, the phenomenon of Fermi accelera-
Paulista, Avenida 24A, 1515 Bela Vista, 13506-700 Rio Claro,
tion (FA) is a process in which a classical particle can acquire
SP, Brazil ; edleonel@rc.unesp.br
unbounded energy from collisions with a heavy moving wall.
This phenomenon was originally proposed by Enrico Fermi Alexander Loskutov, Physics Faculty, Moscow State
in 1949 as a possible explanation of the origin of the large University, Vorob’evy Gory, Moscow 119992, Russia;
energies of the cosmic particles. His original model was loskutov@chaos.phys.msu.ru
then modified and considered under different approaches
and using many versions. Moreover, applications of FA
have been of a large broad interest in many different fields
of science including plasma physics, astrophysics, atomic
physics, optics, and time-dependent billiard problems and
they are useful for controlling chaos in Engineering and
dynamical systems exhibiting chaos (both conservative and
dissipative chaos).
We intend to publish in this special issue papers reporting
research on time-dependent billiards. The topic includes
both conservative and dissipative dynamics. Papers dis-
cussing dynamical properties, statistical and mathematical
results, stability investigation of the phase space structure,
the phenomenon of Fermi acceleration, conditions for
having suppression of Fermi acceleration, and computational
and numerical methods for exploring these structures and
applications are welcome.
To be acceptable for publication in the special issue of
Mathematical Problems in Engineering, papers must make
significant, original, and correct contributions to one or
more of the topics above mentioned. Mathematical papers
regarding the topics above are also welcome.
Authors should follow the Mathematical Problems in
Engineering manuscript format described at http://www
.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/. Prospective authors should
submit an electronic copy of their complete manuscript
through the journal Manuscript Tracking System at http://
mts.hindawi.com/ according to the following timetable: