Australian Standard

AS 2439.
1—2007
AS 2439.1—2007
Australian Standard®
Perforated plastics drainage and

effluent pipe and fittings
Part 1: Perforated drainage pipe and

Accessed by GOLDER ASSOCIATES PTY LTD on 15 Jan 2013 (Document currency not guaranteed when printed)
associated fittings
This Australian Standard® was prepared by Committee PL-021, PVC, ABS and Polyamide
Pipe Systems. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on
9 March 2007.
This Standard was published on 24 December 2007.
The following are represented on Committee PL-021:
• Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry

• Australian Nuclear Science & Technology Organisation
• Certification Interests (Australia)
• CSIRO Manufacturing & Infrastructure Technology
• Energy Networks Association
• Engineers Australia
• Local Government New Zealand
• Master Plumbers, Gasfitters and Drainlayers New Zealand
• New Zealand Water & Waste Association
• Plastics Industry Pipe Association of Australia
• Plastics New Zealand
• Water Services Association of Australia
This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 05546.
Standards Australia wishes to acknowledge the participation of the expert individuals that
contributed to the development of this Standard through their representation on the
Committee and through the public comment period.
Keeping Standards up-to-date

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systems. To maintain their currency, all Standards are periodically reviewed, and new editions
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Standards may also be withdrawn. It is important that readers assure themselves they are
using a current Standard, which should include any amendments that may have been
published since the Standard was published.
Detailed information about Australian Standards, drafts, amendments and new projects can
be found by visiting www.standards.org.au
Standards Australia welcomes suggestions for improvements, and encourages readers to

notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies or ambiguities. Contact us via email at
mail@standards.org.au, or write to Standards Australia, GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001.
AS 2439.1—2007
Australian Standard®
Perforated plastics drainage and

effluent pipe and fittings
Part 1: Perforated drainage pipe and

associated fittings
Originated as AS 2439.1—1981.
Second edition 2007.
COPYRIGHT
© Standards Australia
All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written
permission of the publisher.
Published by Standards Australia GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia
ISBN 0 7337 8290 6
AS 2439.1—2007 2
PREFACE
This Standard was prepared by the joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand
Committee PL-021, PVC, ABS and Polyamide Pipe Systems to supersede AS 2439.1–1981.
After consultation with stakeholders in both countries, Standards Australia and Standards
New Zealand decided to develop this Standard as an Australian Standard rather than an
Australian/New Zealand Standard
This Standard is part of a series on perforated plastics drainage and effluent pipe and
fittings, as follows:
AS
2439 Perforated plastics drainage and effluent pipe and fittings
2439.1 Part 1: Perforated drainage pipe and associated fittings (this Standard)
2439.2 Part 2: Perforated effluent pipe and associated fittings for sewerage
applications
The objective of this revision is to change the classification system for perforated drainage
pipes. The performance of the pipes has not been altered but the manner in which the
stiffness is designated has changed. The former stiffness classes 100, 200, 400 and 1000
have been replaced by stiffness classes SN2, SN4, SN8 and SN20 respectively. The SN
classification is used in a range of Australian and International Standards for flexible pipes
and the committee considered it appropriate to bring this Standard into line with the others.
This is a performance Standard and, therefore, all requirements and tests are related to end
use. It is not the intention of the Standard to establish how strong the product is, but rather
to determine if the product is strong enough to fulfil the desired function.
The requirements and tests contained in this Standard relate to field conditions as follows:
Bending—pipe is often bent at temperatures close to 0°C.
Straightening—coils are often unwound in cold conditions.
High-temperature impact resistance—pipe laid out in the hot sun must not be soft to the
extent that it is damaged during backfilling.
Low-temperature impact resistance—pipe will not fail due to handling, fill material or
degradation in service.
Pipe stiffness—pipe must be stiff enough to withstand the design loads after back-filling
and settlement.
Elongation—pipe must not excessively elongate during installation.
Joint separation—joints must not separate when subjected to tensile forces induced when
laying.
In the preparation of this Standard the committee gave consideration to the following
documents:
ISO TC 138/WG1-330—Draft Standard for Corrugated Polyethylene
Drainage Tubing
ASTM F 405 Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Tubing and Fittings
BS 4962 Specification for plastics pipes and fittings for use as subsoil field
drains
DIN 1187 Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (U-PVC); Dimensions,
Requirements, Testing
Specifications used by the Roads and Traffic Authority, NSW
3 AS 2439.1—2007
The term ‘normative’ has been used in this Standard to define the application of the
appendix to which it applies. A ‘normative’ appendix is an integral part of a Standard.
Statements expressed in mandatory terms in notes to tables are deemed to be requirements
of this Standard.
AS 2439.1—2007 4
CONTENTS
Page
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE ........................................................................................................................ 5
1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS .................................................................................. 5
1.3 DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................ 5
1.4 TYPES......................................................................................................................... 5
1.5 CLASSIFICATION ..................................................................................................... 5
SECTION 2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

2.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................. 6
2.2 MATERIAL ................................................................................................................ 6
2.3 FREEDOM FROM DEFECTS .................................................................................... 6
2.4 DIMENSIONS............................................................................................................. 6
SECTION 3 PERFORATIONS
3.1 TYPE 1—PIPE ............................................................................................................ 8
3.2 TYPE 2—PIPE ............................................................................................................ 8
3.3 FITTINGS ................................................................................................................... 8
SECTION 4 STORAGE AND TRANSPORT.......................................................................... 9
SECTION 5 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

5.1 CONDITIONING OF TEST SPECIMENS................................................................ 10
5.2 BENDING (Type 1 pipe only)................................................................................... 10
5.3 STRAIGHTENING (Type 1 pipe only) ..................................................................... 10
5.4 HIGH TEMPERATURE IMPACT RESISTANCE.................................................... 10
5.5 LOW TEMPERATURE IMPACT RESISTANCE .................................................... 10
5.6 ELONGATION (Type 1 pipe only). .......................................................................... 10
5.7 PIPE STIFFNESS...................................................................................................... 10
5.8 PERFORATION DEFORMATION........................................................................... 10
5.9 JOINT SEPARATION (Type 1 only) ........................................................................ 11
5.10 ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS CRACKING RESISTANCE (POLYETHYLENE
DRAINAGE PIPE ONLY) ........................................................................................ 11
5.11 MARKING ................................................................................................................ 11
APPENDICES
A MEANS FOR DEMONSTRATING COMPLIANCE WITH THIS STANDARD ..... 13
B MEASUREMENT OF DIMENSIONS ...................................................................... 17
C BENDING TEST (TYPE 1 ONLY)........................................................................... 20
D STRAIGHTENING TEST AT 0ºC (TYPE 1 ONLY) ................................................ 21
E HIGH TEMPERATURE IMPACT RESISTANCE.................................................... 22
F LOW TEMPERATURE IMPACT RESISTANCE .................................................... 23
G ELONGATION AND PERFORATION DEFORMATION (TYPE 1 ONLY) ........... 24
H PERFORATION DEFORMATION........................................................................... 26
I JOINT SEPARATION (TYPE 1 ONLY)................................................................... 28
J ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS CRACKING RESISTANCE (POLYETHYLENE
DRAINAGE PIPE ONLY) ........................................................................................ 29
5 AS 2439.1—2007
STANDARDS AUSTRALIA
Australian Standard
Perforated plastics drainage and effluent pipe and fittings
Part 1: Perforated drainage pipe and associated fittings
SECT ION 1 SCOPE AND GENERA L
1.1 SCOPE
This Standard specifies requirements for perforated plastics pipe and associated fittings
designed for use in the drainage of surface and subsurface land, highway and building
construction sites.
1.2 APPLICATION
Means for demonstrating compliance with this Standard shall be in accordance with
Appendix A.
1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

The following documents are referred to in this Standard:
AS
1199 Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes
1199.1 Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot
inspection
1327 Plastics—Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
AS/NZS
1254 PVC pipes and fittings for storm and surface water applications
1462 Methods of test for plastics pipes and fittings
1462.22 Method 22: Method for the determination of pipe stiffness
HB
18 Conformity assessment
18.28 Guide 28: Guidance on third-party certification system for products
1.4 DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions given in AS/NZS 1254 apply.
1.5 TYPES
Perforated plastics drainage pipe shall be either one of the following:
(a) Type 1—Corrugated pipe.
(b) Type 2—Plain wall pipe.
1.6 CLASSIFICATION
Type 1 and Type 2 pipe shall be classified as SN2, SN4, SN8 or SN20.
www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia

AS 2439.1—2007 6
SEC T I O N 2 G E N E RA L RE Q U IRE M E N T S
2.1 GENERAL
This Section specifies the minimum requirements applicable to perforated drainage pipes.
2.2 MATERIAL
Any suitable plastics material may be used to manufacture the pipe or fitting, provided the
pipe or fitting so formed is capable of complying with the performance requirements of this
Standard at the time of manufacture and for a period of up to 24 months of outdoor
exposure.
Additives containing compounds based on lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) or mercury (Hg) shall
not be used. Irrespective of their original composition, recycled PVC is permitted, but only
in the centre of sandwich construction pipe.
Any plastics material that would be unable to comply with the requirements of this Standard
after 24 months outdoor exposure shall be protected at the time of manufacture by suitable
means in order to provide a satisfactory storage life of at least 24 months.
2.3 FREEDOM FROM DEFECTS

NOTE: The defects described in Clauses 2.3.1 and 2.3.2 cannot be completely quantified. Where
the presence, size or frequency of any such defects are considered to be of concern, arrangements
should be made between the purchaser/approving authority/certifying body (as appropriate), and
the manufacturer. This may be achieved by the provision of acceptable type samples.
2.3.1 General
Defects shall not affect the performance or function of the pipe or fittings in service.
Pipes and fittings shall be free from blisters and heat marks. When grooves, wrinkles,
rippling, dents or projections are present, the pipe shall comply with the dimensional
requirements of this Standard.
2.3.2 Spigot ends
Spigot ends of pipes and fittings shall be free from chips and rough edges and shall have
sharp edges removed. Jointing surfaces shall be smooth.
2.4 DIMENSIONS
2.4.1 Diameter
When measured in accordance with Appendix B, the outside diameter of Type 1 pipe shall
conform to the dimensions specified in Table 2.1 and the outside diameter of Type 2 pipe
shall conform to the dimensions specified in Table 2.2.
© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

7 AS 2439.1—2007
TABLE 2.1
DIMENSIONS OF TYPE 1 PIPE
millimetres
Outside diameter
Nominal outside diameter
Minimum Maximum
40 41.0 43.0
50 49.0 52.0
65 64.0 67.0
80 79.0 82.0
100 99.0 102.0
125 124.0 128.0
160 158.0 163.0
200 198.0 203.0
TABLE 2.2
DIMENSIONS OF TYPE 2 PIPE
millimetres
Outside diameter
Nominal size
Minimum Maximum
40 48.1 48.4
50 60.2 60.5
90 90.0 90.3
100 110.0 110.4
150 160.0 160.5
225 250.0 250.7
300 315.0 315.9
NOTE: The nominal sizes given in Table 2 are not necessarily the same
as the actual outside diameters, as Type 2 pipes before slotting may
conform to other standards.
2.4.2 Length
Unless otherwise specified, pipe shall be supplied in standard lengths as follows:
(a) Type 1—6, 20, 50, 100, 150 or 200 m.
(b) Type 2—6 m (excluding socket).

AS 2439.1—2007 8
SECT ION 3 PERFORAT I ONS
3.1 TYPE 1 PIPE

When Type 1 pipe is measured in accordance with Appendix B, it shall have a clear water
opening of not less than 1500 mm 2 per metre of pipe.
The perforations shall comply with the following requirements:
(a) They shall be in the form of slots and shall be made in the bottom of the corrugation
valleys with the major dimension of the slot circumferential (see Appendix B,
Figure B1).
(b) The width of each slot shall be in the range of 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm or 1.0 mm to
1.5 mm and the ratio of length to width shall be between 3 and 10.
(c) Not more than 10% of the perforation widths shall lie outside the specified slot width
range.
(d) No perforation shall have a width greater than 0.5 mm above the specified slot width
range.
(e) There shall not be less than three rows of perforations along the entire length of the
pipe.
(f) The longitudinal distribution of the perforations shall be uniform and the rows shall
be equi-spaced around the pipe circumference.
3.2 TYPE 2 PIPE

When Type 2 pipe is measured in accordance with Appendix B, it shall have a clear water
opening of not less than 1500 mm 2 per metre of pipe.
The perforations shall comply with the following requirements:
(a) The perforations shall be in the form of slots and shall be made with the major
dimension of the slot longitudinal.
(b) The width of the slot shall be in the ranges 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm, 1.0 mm to 1.5 mm or
1.5 mm to 2.0 mm and the ratio of length to width shall be between 3 and 40.
(c) Not more than 10% of the perforation widths shall lie outside the specified slot width
range.
(d) No perforation shall have a width greater than 0.5 mm above the specified slot width
range.
(e) There shall be not less than three rows of perforations along the entire length of the
pipe.
(f) The longitudinal distribution of the perforations shall be uniform and the rows shall
be equi-spaced around the pipe circumference.
3.3 FITTINGS
Couplings, tees, adaptors and other fittings used with drainage pipe complying with this
Standard need not be perforated.

9 AS 2439.1—2007
SECT ION 4 STORAGE AND TRANS PORT

Pipes and fittings supplied shall be packaged, stored and transported appropriately to
prevent damage.
If pipe is supplied in coils or bundles of straight lengths, any ties used shall not cause
permanent denting or deformation of the pipe.

AS 2439.1—2007 10
SE C T I ON 5 P E R F O RM A N CE RE Q U I RE M E N T S
5.1 CONDITIONING OF TEST SPECIMENS

Unless otherwise specified, test specimens shall be conditioned for at least 24 h in
accordance with AS 1327 at 20 ±2°C prior to testing. Unless otherwise specified, tests shall
be conducted at 20 ±2°C.
5.2 BENDING (Type 1 pipe only)

When Type 1 pipe is tested in accordance with Appendix C, there shall be no splitting or
cracking of the pipe.
5.3 STRAIGHTENING (Type 1 pipe only)

When Type 1 pipe is tested in accordance with Appendix D, there shall be no splitting or
cracking of the pipe.
5.4 HIGH TEMPERATURE IMPACT RESISTANCE

When pipe is tested in accordance with Appendix E, there shall be no splitting, cracking,
fracture, rupture or significant indentation of the pipe. Indentations shall be deemed
significant when the depression left by the falling striker creates a restriction of more than
20% in the inside diameter.
5.5 LOW TEMPERATURE IMPACT RESISTANCE

When pipe is tested in accordance with Appendix F, there shall be no splitting or cracking
of the pipe.
5.6 ELONGATION (Type 1 pipe only).

When Type 1 pipe is tested in accordance with Appendix G, it shall not elongate more than
10%
5.7 PIPE STIFFNESS

When pipe is tested in accordance with AS/NZS 1462.22, the pipe stiffness shall be not less
than the values specified in Table 5.1.
TABLE 5.1
PIPE STIFFNESS
Stiffness N/m.m
Class
5% deflection 10% deflection
2 2 000 1 700
4 4 000 3 400
8 8 000 6 400
20 20 000 17 000
5.8 PERFORATION DEFORMATION

5.8.1 Type 1 pipe
When Type 1 pipe is tested in accordance with Appendix G, slot widths shall remain in
compliance with the requirements of Clause 3.1.

11 AS 2439.1—2007
5.8.2 Type 2 pipe

When Type 2 pipe is tested in accordance with Appendix H, slot widths shall remain in
compliance with the requirements of Clause 3.2.
5.9 JOINT SEPARATION (Type 1 only)

When tested in accordance with Appendix I, joints made in Type 1 pipe with fittings
installed according to the manufacturer’s instructions shall not separate.
5.10 ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS CRACKING RESISTANCE (POLYETHYLENE

DRAINAGE PIPE ONLY)
When polyethylene drainage pipe is tested in accordance with Appendix J, the pipe shall
show no visible signs of cracking.
5.11 MARKING
5.11.1 Type 1 pipe
Type 1 pipe shall be permanently and legibly marked with the name and/or trademark of the
manufacturer at intervals not exceeding 3 m.
In addition, each coil or bundle of straight lengths shall carry a weatherproof tag containing
the following information:
(a) The manufacturer’s name and/or registered trademark.
(b) The nominal size of the pipe in the form ‘DN 65’ as appropriate.
(c) The type number in the form ‘TYPE 1’.
(d) The pipe stiffness in the form ‘SN8’, as appropriate.
(e) The slot width range in the form ‘SLOT WIDTH RANGE 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm’, as
appropriate.
(f) Length (coils only).
(g) Date of manufacture, using the ISO system, giving the year, the month of the year and
the day of the month in the form 070415 (i.e., the 15th of April 2007), as appropriate.
(h) The number of this Standard.
Example:
(TRADE NAME) DN 65 TYPE 1 SN8 SLOT WIDTH RANGE 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm
20 m 070415 AS 2439.1
5.11.2 Type 2 pipe
Type 2 pipe shall be permanently and legibly marked with the following information, using
letters of minimum height 5 mm.
(a) The manufacturer’s name and/or registered trademark.
(b) The nominal size of pipe in the form ‘DN 90’, as appropriate.
(c) The type number in the form ‘TYPE 2’.
(d) The class number in the form ‘SN2’, as appropriate.
(e) The slot width range in the form ‘SWR 1.0–1.5’, as appropriate.
(f) Date of manufacture, using the ISO system, giving the year, the month of the year and
the day of the month, in the form 070415 (i.e. the 15th of April 2007), as appropriate.

AS 2439.1—2007 12
(g) The number of this Standard.

Example:
(TRADE NAME) DN 90 TYPE 2 SN2 SWR 1.0 - 1.5 070415 AS 2439.1

13 AS 2439.1—2007
APPENDIX A
MEANS FOR DEMONSTRATING COMPLIANCE WITH THIS STANDARD
(Normative)
A1 SCOPE
This Appendix sets out two means by which compliance with this Standard has to be
demonstrated by a manufacturer:
(a) The use of a product certification scheme.
(b) The use of a minimum sampling and testing frequency plan.
A2 RELEVANCE
The long-term performance of pipeline systems is critical to the operating efficiency of
water agencies in terms of operating licences and customer contracts. The long-term
performance of plumbing systems is similarly critical to the durability of building
infrastructure, protection of public health and safety and protection of the environment.
A3 DEFINITIONS
A3.1 Acceptable quality level (AQL)

When a continuous series of lots or batches is considered, the quality level which for the
purpose of sampling inspection is the limit of a satisfactory process average
(see AS 1199.1).
NOTE: The designation of an AQL does not imply that a manufacturer has the right to knowingly
supply any non-conforming unit of product.
A3.2 Batch
A3.2.1 Material or compound batch
A defined quantity of a homogeneous material or compound produced under uniform
conditions. The batch is defined and identified by the material or compound producer.
A3.2.2 Pipes or fittings batch
Schedule of pipes or fittings, all the same nominal diameter, wall thickness and marking,
manufactured from the same material or compound on the same machine. The batch is
defined and identified by the pipe or fitting manufacturer.
A3.3 Batch release test
A test performed on a sample from the batch or lot, to confirm conformance to the
requirements of this Standard before the batch can be released.
A3.4 Inspection level
The relationship between the lot or batch size and the sample size (see AS 1199.1).
A3.5 Lot
A clearly identifiable subdivision of a batch for inspection purposes.
A3.6 New formulation
A change in material or compound formulation that exceeds the limits given in
Paragraph A6.

AS 2439.1—2007 14
A3.7 Process verification test (PVT)

A test performed on a sample at specific intervals, to confirm conformance to the
requirements of this Standard before further batches can be released.
A3.8 Sample
One or more units of product drawn from a batch or lot, selected at random without regard
to quality.
NOTE: The number of units of product in the sample is the sample size.
A3.9 Sampling plan
A specific plan that gives the number of samples and the frequency of inspection or testing.
A3.10 Type test (TT)
A test performed on a sample to confirm conformance to the requirements of this Standard
before any batches can be released.
A4 PRODUCT CERTIFICATION
The purpose of product certification is to provide independent assurance of the claim by the
manufacturer that products comply with this Standard.
The certification scheme shall meet the criteria described in SA HB 18.28/SANZ HB 18.28
(ISO/IEC Guide 28) in that, as well as full type testing from independently sampled
production and subsequent verification of conformance, it requires the manufacturer to

maintain effective planning to control production.
The certification scheme serves to indicate that the products consistently conform to the
requirements of this Standard.
Product certification shall be conducted by a certification body accredited by the Joint
Accreditation System for Australia and New Zealand (JAS-ANZ) or by another certification
body that is acceptable to JAS-ANZ.
The frequency of the sampling and testing plan, as detailed in Paragraph A5, shall be used
by the certifying body for product compliance auditing. However, where the manufacturer
can demonstrate adequate process control to the certifying body, the frequency of sampling
and testing nominated in the manufacturer’s quality and/or documented procedures shall
take precedence for the purpose of product certification.
A5 MINIMUM SAMPLING AND TESTING FREQUENCY PLAN

A5.1 General
Table A1 sets out the minimum sampling and testing frequency plan for a manufacturer to
demonstrate compliance of product(s) to this Standard.
A5.2 Retesting
In the event of a test failure, the products manufactured since the previous test(s)
conforming to the requirements outline in Table A1 shall be quarantined as a batch. A
further set of samples shall be selected randomly from the quarantined batch using a
sampling plan to AS 1199.1 for an acceptable quality level (AQL) of 2.5 and an inspection
level of S3, unless otherwise specified. If the retest requirements are met, the batch may be
released and compliance with this Standard for the quarantined batch may be claimed.
Should a failure occur on retesting, then the quarantined batch shall be rejected and claims
and/or marking indicating compliance to this Standard shall be suspended until the cause of
the failure has been identified and corrected.

15 AS 2439.1—2007
A5.3 Rejection after test

In the event of a quarantined batch being rejected after retesting in accordance with the
procedures set out in paragraph A5.2, it may be subjected to 100% testing for the failed
requirement(s), and only those items found to comply may be claimed and/or marked as
complying with this Standard.
TABLE A1
MINIMUM SAMPLING AND TESTING FREQUENCY PLAN
Characteristics Clause Requirement Test method Frequency
TYPE TEST (TT) PIPES
5.2 Bending (Type 1) Appendix C
5.3 Straightening (Type 1) Appendix D
High temperature impact
5.4 Appendix E
resistance
Low temperature impact
5.5 Appendix F
resistance
5.6 Elongation (Type 1) Appendix G
At any new formulation
Performance 5.7 Pipe stiffness AS/NZS 1462.22 or change in design
Type 1: Appendix G
5.8 Perforation deformation
Type 2: Appendix H
5.9 Joint separation (Type 1) Appendix I
Environmental stress
cracking resistance
5.10 Appendix J
(polyethylene drainage
pipe)
BATCH RELEASE TEST (BRT) PIPES
Freedom from
2.3 Freedom from defects Visual inspection
defects
Once per production
2.4.1 Diameter Appendix B shift
Dimensions
2.4.2 Length Clause 2.4.2
PROCESS VERIFICATION TEST
At change in design but
3.1 and Perforation dimensions
Dimensions Appendix B not less than once per
3.2 and area
year
Low temperature impact

5.5 Appendix F Not less than once per
Performance resistance
year
5.7 Pipe stiffness AS/NZS 1462.22

AS 2439.1—2007 16
A6 NEW FORMULATION
For PVC, a change in material/compound formulation occurs when the dosage level of
ingredients exceeds the tolerance as given in Table A2.
TABLE A2
DOSAGE LEVEL FOR MATERIAL/COMPOUND FORMULATION
Materials/Ingredients Type Value X and tolerance band
PVC resin 100 parts K-value X 1: ±2%
Stabilizers Pb, Ca-Zn, Sn, others X 2: ±40%
Total quantity of other additives CaCO3 , pigments, etc. ∑ Xi ±50%
NOTE: The values of X shall be specified by the manufacturer’s quality plan. If any level exceeds the dosage
band or if a type is changed, this variation in formulation constitutes a change in material/compound and the
relevant characteristics in Table A1 shall be retested. A change in the supplier of a material or within a type of
stabilizer does not necessarily constitute a change in formulation. A change in the chemical nature of the
stabilizer, e.g., from Pb to Ca-Zn, shall constitute a change in formulation.

17 AS 2439.1—2007
APPENDIX B
MEASUREMENT OF DIMENSIONS
(Normative)
B1 SCOPE
This Appendix sets out methods for determining pipe diameter, length and size of
perforations of perforated plastics drainage pipe.
B2 APPARATUS.
The following apparatus is required:
(a) Callipers or other instruments capable of measuring to an accuracy of ±0.1 mm.
(b) A steel tape graduated in millimetres.
B3 PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMENS

B3.1 Diameter—Outside and inside
Three test specimens each 300 ±5 mm in length shall be prepared for each test of diameter.
NOTE: These test specimens may be used for the tests of pipe stiffness (see Appendix H).
B3.2 Length
Three lengths or complete coils shall be prepared for each test of length. Each test specimen
shall consist of the manufacturer’s specified length of pipe.
B3.3 Perforations
One test specimen shall be prepared for each test of perforations as follows:
(a) For Type 1 pipe, each test specimen shall consist of a length of pipe containing at
least 40 perforations.
(b) For Type 2 pipe, each test specimen shall consist of a complete standard pipe length.
B4 TEST PROCEDURES
The test procedures shall be as follows:
(a) Outside diameter Measure to an accuracy of ±0.1 mm at three diameters evenly
spaced around one end of each test specimen. For each measurement of Type 1 test
specimen, contact should be made with at least two crests of the corrugations (see
Figure B1).
(b) Inside diameter Measure to an accuracy of ±0.1 mm at three diameters evenly
spaced inside one end of each test specimen. For each measurement of Type 1 test
specimen, contact should be made with at least two of the corrugation valleys (see
Figure B1).
NOTE: This measurement is required for the tests of pipe stiffness (see Appendix H).

AS 2439.1—2007 18
SEC TIONAL VIEW ELEVATION

Corrugation
crests
Corrugation
valleys Outside
I nside diameter
diameter
Corrugation
crests
FIGURE B1 TYPE 1 PIPE
(c) Length Using the steel tape, measure to the nearest centimetre the length of each
straight test specimen on an essentially level surface without any tensile or
compressive forces being exerted on the test specimen.
(d) Perforations Apply no external forces and measure to an accuracy of ±0.1 mm all
clear perforations in the test specimen.
B5 REPORT
B5.1 Outside diameter
The average of the nine measurements obtained shall be reported as the pipe outside
diameter.
B5.2 Inside diameter
The average of the nine measurements obtained shall be reported as the pipe inside
diameter.
B5.3 Length
The average of the three measurements obtained shall be reported as the pipe length.
B5.4 Perforations
B5.4.1 Opening area
The average size of perforations shall be reported and the number of clear perforations used
to calculate the opening area per metre of pipe.
For Type 2 pipe, calculate the opening area per metre by the following formula:
Opening area per Average perforation size × number of clear perforations in 6m length
=
metre 6

19 AS 2439.1—2007
B5.4.2 Slot width

The percentage of perforations above and below the specified slot width range and any
perforations of width exceeding the specified slot width range by more than 0.5 mm shall be
reported.

AS 2439.1—2007 20
APPENDIX C
BENDING TEST (TYPE 1 ONLY)
(Normative)
C1 SCOPE
This Appendix sets out a method for determining the effect of cold temperature on the
ability of Type 1 perforated plastics drainage pipe to be bent.
C2 PRINCIPLE
A length of pipe is chilled under prescribed conditions. The chilled pipe is then bent around
a mandrel and visually examined.
C3 APPARATUS
(a) A cold cabinet or ice bath capable of being maintained at 0 ±2°C.
(b) A suitable mandrel of radius three times the nominal outside diameter of the pipe
being tested.
C4 PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMENS

Three test specimens shall be prepared for each test. Each test specimen shall be of
sufficient length to be bent half a revolution around the mandrel.
C5 TEST PROCEDURE
Each of the three test specimens shall be tested as follows:
(a) Condition the test specimen at 0 ±2°C for not less than 2 h.
(b) Remove the conditioned test specimen and within 30 s bend it half a revolution
around the mandrel. Do not exert longitudinal force on the test specimen while
bending.
(c) Keep the test specimen in this position for 10 min, then inspect it visually, in the bent
position, for splits and cracks.
C6 REPORT
Splitting or cracking of the pipe shall be reported.

21 AS 2439.1—2007
APPENDIX D
STRAIGHTENING TEST AT 0ºC (TYPE 1 ONLY)
(Normative)
D1 SCOPE
This Appendix sets out a method for determining the effect of cold temperature on the
ability of Type 1 perforated plastics drainage pipe to be straightened.
D2 PRINCIPLE
A length of pipe is bent around a mandrel and secured. The mandrel and the pipe are then
chilled under prescribed conditions. The pipe is removed from the mandrel, straightened
and visually examined.
D3 APPARATUS
(a) A cold cabinet or ice bath capable of being maintained at 0 ±2°C.
(b) A suitable mandrel of radius three times the nominal outside diameter of the pipe
being tested.
D4 PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMENS

Three test specimens shall be prepared for each test. Each test specimen shall be of
sufficient length to be bent half a revolution around the mandrel.
D5 TEST PROCEDURE
(a) Bend the test specimens around the mandrel and secure in this position. Do not exert
longitudinal force on the test specimen while bending.
(b) Condition the test specimen secured on the mandrel at 0 ±2°C for not less than 2 h.
(c) Remove the conditioned test specimen from the mandrel and within 30 s straighten by
hand on a flat surface.
(d) Visually inspect the test specimen for splits and cracks.
(e) Visually inspect the test specimen again 2 h later for splits and cracks.
D6 REPORT
Splitting or cracking of the pipe shall be reported.

AS 2439.1—2007 22
APPENDIX E
HIGH TEMPERATURE IMPACT RESISTANCE
(Normative)
E1 SCOPE
This Appendix sets out a method for testing the resistance of perforated plastics drainage
pipe to impact at an elevated temperature.
E2 PRINCIPLE
A length of pipe conditioned at an elevated temperature is placed horizontally on a support
block and a guided striker is allowed to fall at a given level of impact onto the pipe.
Following impact the pipe is inspected for failure due to cracking, splitting or significant
indentation.
E3 APPARATUS
(a) A support block made of metal with a longitudinal V-notched groove, at least 300 mm
long cut in the top of the block. The included angle of the V-notch shall be 120° and
shall be symmetrical to the vertical axis of the striker. The block shall be of such a
width that the flat surfaces of the notch will support the largest size of pipe to be
tested.
(b) A metal striker of mass 1.00 + 0.1, –0 kg and 50 ±1 mm radius hemispherical surface,
capable of striking the test specimen.
(c) A guide mechanism, essentially frictionless, that allows the striker to fall freely a
distance of 0.5 m onto the top of the horizontal test specimen. The central vertical
axis of the striker shall be aligned with the bottom line of the V-notched groove at the
midpoint in its length.
(d) An oven capable of being maintained at 50 ±2°C.
E4 PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMENS

Ten test specimens shall be prepared for each test. Each test specimen shall consist of a
straight length of pipe 300 ±5 mm long.
E5 TEST PROCEDURE
Each of the 10 test specimens shall be tested as follows:
(a) Place the test specimen in the oven at 50 ±2°C for not less than 2 h.
(b) Remove the test specimen from the oven and within 30 s place it in the V-notch and
allow the striker to fall 0.5 +0.05, –0 m, once only onto the test specimen at a point
no closer than 100 mm from either end. Five test specimens shall be struck on the
rows of perforations and the remaining five specimens shall be struck midway
between two rows of perforations.
(c) Visually inspect the test specimen for splitting, cracking or significant indentation.
E6 REPORT
Splitting, cracking or significant indentation shall be reported.

23 AS 2439.1—2007
APPENDIX F
LOW TEMPERATURE IMPACT RESISTANCE
(Normative)
F1 SCOPE
This Appendix sets out a method for testing the resistance of perforated plastics drainage
pipe to impact at a low temperature.
F2 PRINCIPLE
A length of pipe, conditioned at a low temperature, is placed horizontally on a specimen
support block and a guided striker is allowed to fall at a given level of impact onto the pipe.
Following impact, the pipe is inspected for failure due to cracking or splitting.
F3 APPARATUS
(a) A support block as described in Paragraph E3(a) of Appendix E.
(b) A metal striker as described in Paragraph E3(b) of Appendix E.
(c) A guide mechanism as described in Paragraph E3(c) of Appendix E.

(d) A cold cabinet capable of being maintained at 0 ±2°C.
F4 PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMENS

Ten test specimens shall be prepared in accordance with Paragraph E4 of Appendix E.
F5 TEST PROCEDURE
Each of the ten test specimens shall be tested as follows:
(a) Place the test specimen in the cold cabinet at 0 ±2°C for not less than 2 h.
(b) Remove the test specimen from the cold cabinet and within 30 s place it in the
V-notch and allow the striker to fall 0.5 +0.05, –0 m, once only, onto the test
specimen at a point no closer than 100 mm from either end. Five test specimens shall
be struck on the rows of perforations and the remaining five specimens shall be struck
midway between two rows of perforations.
(c) Visually inspect the test specimen for splitting and cracking.
F6 REPORT
Splitting or cracking shall be reported.

AS 2439.1—2007 24
APPENDIX G
ELONGATION AND PERFORATION DEFORMATION (TYPE 1 ONLY)
(Normative)
G1 SCOPE
This Appendix sets out a method for determining the elongation and perforation
deformation of Type 1 perforated plastics drainage pipe.
G2 PRINCIPLE
A tensile force is exerted on a length of pipe and the elongation determined.
G3 APPARATUS
(a) End fittings for the size of pipe being tested. A concentrically located hook shall be
securely attached to each end fitting.
(b) An overhead fixed point to suspend the test specimen vertically by one of the hooks.
(c) A test force assembly capable of being attached to the lower hook and of applying a
pilot force equal to the outside diameter (mm) × 0.15 N and a test force equal to the
outside diameter (mm) × 0.90 N.
(d) A suitable gauging instrument for measuring the elongation to the nearest millimetre.
(e) Callipers or other instruments capable of measuring to an accuracy of ±0.1 mm.
G4 PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMENS

Three test specimens shall be prepared for each test. Each test specimen shall consist of a
length of pipe 1.25 ±0.01 m long.
G5 TEST PROCEDURE
(a) Attach the end fittings to the test specimen.
(b) Hook the test specimen to the overhead fixed point, apply the pilot force and
immediately mark the middle 750 mm gauge length of the test specimen. If necessary,
the pilot force may be applied eccentrically so as to straighten the test specimen.
(c) Apply the test force gently and allow the force to remain for 3 min.
(d) At the end of this 3 min period, measure the change in the gauge length of the test
specimen to the nearest millimetre with the test force still applied.
(e) Hold the test specimen in the elongated state and measure the widths of perforations
to the nearest 0.1 mm.
G6 CALCULATION
Calculate the percentage elongation (E) from the following equation:
Elongation × 100
E= (mm)
750

25 AS 2439.1—2007
G7 REPORT
G7.1 Pipe elongation
The largest value obtained shall be reported as the pipe elongation.
G7.2 Perforation deformation
Slot widths not conforming to the specified limits shall be reported.

AS 2439.1—2007 26
APPENDIX H
PERFORATION DEFORMATION
(Normative)
H1 SCOPE
This Appendix sets out a method for determining stiffness of perforated plastics drainage
pipe at 10% deflection and provides for testing Type 2 pipe for perforation deformation.
H2 PRINCIPLE
A short length of pipe is compressed between two rigid parallel plates at a controlled rate
according to AS/NZS 1462.22 except that the deflection is continued to a deflection equal
to 10% of the inside diameter of the pipe.
H3 APPARATUS
(a) The apparatus specified in AS/NZS 1462.22.
(b) For Type 2 pipe only, go-no-go gauges for the slot width ranges specified in
Clause 3.2.
H4 PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMENS

Three test specimens shall be prepared in accordance with AS/NZS 1462.22.
H5 TEST PROCEDURE
(a) Perform the test in accordance with AS/NZS 1462.22, except that the deflection is
continued until it exceeds 10% of the inside diameter of the test piece.
(b) Record the applied force at both 5% and 10% deflection.
(c) Calculate the value of the 10% deflection (Δy) in metres from the following equation:
ID 10(percent )
Δy = ×
1000 100
where ID is the average inside diameter in millimetres.
(d) For Type 2 test specimens only, with the test specimen in the 5% deflected state,
determine using go-no-go gauges whether the widths of the perforations are within
the specified slot width range marked on the pipe or label and are in accordance with
the requirements of Clause 3.2.
(e) Continue compressing the test specimen at the same deflection rate until the total
deflection is 10% of the inside diameter (ID); record the force then stop.
H6 CALCULATIONS
Calculate the pipe stiffness at 10% deflection using the formulas given in AS/NZS 1462.22.

27 AS 2439.1—2007
H7 REPORT
H7.1 Pipe stiffness
Report the lowest values obtained for the 5% and 10% deflection tests as the pipe stiffness
at 5% and 10% deflection, respectively.
H7.2 Perforation deformation (Type 2 only)
Report the percentage of slot widths not conforming to the specified limits.

AS 2439.1—2007 28
APPENDIX I
JOINT SEPARATION (TYPE 1 ONLY)
(Normative)
I1 SCOPE
This Appendix sets out a method for testing the resistance to separation of a joint made by
means of a coupling in a Type 1 perforated plastics drainage pipe.
I2 PRINCIPLE
A test specimen is prepared using two lengths of pipe joined by a coupling. A tensile force
is exerted on the test specimen and separation of the joint is noted.
I3 APPARATUS
(a) End fittings for the size of pipe being tested. A concentrically located hook shall be
securely attached to each end fitting.
(b) An overhead fixed point to suspend the test specimen vertically by one of the hooks.
(c) A static test force assembly capable of applying a test force equal to the nominal
outside diameter (mm) × 1.8 N to the lower hook.
I4 PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMEN

One test specimen shall be prepared for each test. Each test specimen shall consist of two
lengths of straight pipe joined by a coupling in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions. Each length of pipe shall be at least twice the pipe outside diameter.
I5 TEST PROCEDURE
The test procedure shall be as follows:
(a) Attach the end fittings to the test specimen.
(b) Hook one end of the test specimen to the overhead fixed point.
(c) Apply the test force to the lower hook for 5 min.
(d) Determine if complete separation of the joint has occurred.
I6 REPORT
The occurrence of complete separation of the joint shall be reported.

29 AS 2439.1—2007
APPENDIX J
ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS CRACKING RESISTANCE (POLYETHYLENE
DRAINAGE PIPE ONLY)
(Normative)
J1 SCOPE
This Appendix sets out the method for determining the environmental stress cracking
resistance of polyethylene drainage pipe.
J2 APPARATUS
A forced-air-circulation oven maintained at 70 ±3°C and capable of re-establishing that
temperature within 5 min of insertion of the test specimens. Alternatively, a constant
temperature bath containing the reagent may be used, provided it has the same thermal
capabilities as the oven.
J3 REAGENT
An undiluted surface active agent (detergent) of the type nonylphenoxy poly (ethyleneoxy)
ethanol.
NOTE: Antarox CO 630, obtainable from GAF Corporation and Teric N 9 from ICI Australia, has
been found suitable.
J4 TEST SPECIMENS
Five test specimens shall be tested. Each test specimen shall consist of a section of pipe
approximately 50 mm long and free from mechanical damage.
J5 CONDITIONING OF TEST SPECIMENS

Each test specimen shall be conditioned in the oven for a period of 1 h at a temperature of
70 ±3°C and then allowed to cool for 15 min in ambient conditions in the range of 15°C to
25°C.
J6 PROCEDURE
The procedure shall be as follows:
(a) Longitudinally cut each specimen in half. Bend each half in turn so that the two
opposite sides touch and restrain the specimens in this position. The deformation shall
be retained throughout the test.
(b) Completely coat the outer surface of the pipe with the reagent by means of a brush at
the position of greatest stress, that is, opposite the two cut ends. Place the specimens
in an oven maintained at 70 ±3°C for a period of 30 +5, –0 min. Alternatively, the test
specimens may be immersed in the constant temperature bath containing the reagent
and maintained at 70 ±3°C for a period of 30 +5, –0 min.
(c) Remove the test specimen from the oven (or bath) and wipe it free of the test reagent.
(d) Inspect each test specimen with the unaided eye for visible cracks originating in the
area of the fold.

AS 2439.1—2007 30
J7 REPORT
The following information shall be reported:
(a) The type, nominal inside diameter and production date of pipe tested.
(b) Number of test specimens tested.
(c) Number of test specimens in which visible cracking had occurred.

31
NOTES
AS 2439.1—2007
AS 2439.1—2007
32
NOTES
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AS 2439.

Perforated plastics drainage and

Part 1: Perforated drainage pipe and

The following are represented on Committee PL-021:

• Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 05546.

Keeping Standards up-to-date

Standards Australia welcomes suggestions for improvements, and encourages readers to

Perforated plastics drainage and

Part 1: Perforated drainage pipe and

SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL

SECTION 2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

SECTION 4 STORAGE AND TRANSPORT.......................................................................... 9

SECTION 5 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

Part 1: Perforated drainage pipe and associated fittings

SECT ION 1 SCOPE AND GENERA L

1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia

2.3 FREEDOM FROM DEFECTS

© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia

SECT ION 3 PERFORAT I ONS

3.1 TYPE 1 PIPE

3.2 TYPE 2 PIPE

© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

SECT ION 4 STORAGE AND TRANS PORT

www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia

5.1 CONDITIONING OF TEST SPECIMENS

5.2 BENDING (Type 1 pipe only)

5.3 STRAIGHTENING (Type 1 pipe only)

5.4 HIGH TEMPERATURE IMPACT RESISTANCE

20% in the inside diameter.

5.5 LOW TEMPERATURE IMPACT RESISTANCE

5.6 ELONGATION (Type 1 pipe only).

5.7 PIPE STIFFNESS

5.8 PERFORATION DEFORMATION

© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

5.8.2 Type 2 pipe

5.9 JOINT SEPARATION (Type 1 only)

5.10 ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS CRACKING RESISTANCE (POLYETHYLENE

www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia

(g) The number of this Standard.

© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

A3.1 Acceptable quality level (AQL)

www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia

A3.7 Process verification test (PVT)

production and subsequent verification of conformance, it requires the manufacturer to

A5 MINIMUM SAMPLING AND TESTING FREQUENCY PLAN

© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

A5.3 Rejection after test

BATCH RELEASE TEST (BRT) PIPES

Low temperature impact

www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia

© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

B3 PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMENS

www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia

SEC TIONAL VIEW ELEVATION

FIGURE B1 TYPE 1 PIPE

© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

B5.4.2 Slot width

www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia

C4 PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMENS

© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au