I.

TITLE
Frequency and Time

II. OBJECTIVES:
- To be Familiarized with the operation of Oscilloscope and Function Generator
- To understand the relationship of frequency and time.

III. MATERIALS:
Oscilloscope
Function Generator
BNS-to-BNC Corrector

IV. PROCEDURES:
- Set-up the oscilloscope and function generator as stated in the table

Function Generator Oscilloscope

AMP : 1Vpp 1V (AMP)
FREQ : 1kHz 1ms (TIME)

V. DATA ANALYSIS

CHANNEL A
AMP : 2Vpp
FREQUENCY
500Hz 1kHz 2kHz
 CHANNEL A
AMP : 5Vpp
FREQUENCY
500Hz 1kHz 2kHz

CHANNEL A
AMP : 8Vpp
FREQUENCY
500Hz 1kHz 2kHz

CHANNEL A
AMP : 2Vpp
FREQUENCY
500Hz 1kHz 2kHz
 CHANNEL A
AMP : 5Vpp
FREQUENCY
500Hz 1kHz 2kHz

CHANNEL A
AMP : 8Vpp
FREQUENCY
500Hz 1kHz 2kHz

CHANNEL B
AMP : 2Vpp
FREQUENCY
500Hz 1kHz 2kHz
 CHANNEL B
AMP : 5Vpp
FREQUENCY
500Hz 1kHz 2kHz

CHANNEL B
AMP : 8Vpp
FREQUENCY
500Hz 1kHz 2kHz

VI. DISCUSSION

As per the parts of the Oscilloscope, the vertical grid (also, can be a “row”) denotes the
amplification of the signal which the unit is in voltage per division, while the horizontal grid
(also, can be a “column”) denotes the time base which is in 1 millisecond per division.
We all know that the frequency is the cycle occurs during a given time period, and
frequency is inversely proportional to time period. The higher the frequency the lesser the time it
would take the cycle.
 Let us give a simple example of frequency and time relationship: Imagine a ball rolling at
a slow speed such that it takes 3 seconds to go around the circle at once. We can conclude here
that the ball takes 1 cycle in 3 seconds. Now, let’s say that the ball accelerated such that it goes 2
cycles around the circle within 1 second. We can say that the cycle around the circle is the
frequency. Comparing the two situations, having a low frequency (low speed of the ball) takes a
lot of time to complete a cycle, while higher frequency (accelerated ball) takes only a little time
to complete a one cycle.
These observations became possible with the use of two electronic device combined,
namely; Function Generator, an electronic device that is capable of producing different
waveforms such as sine wave, square wave, and triangular wave. Familiarizing ourselves with
the part of it and how to change values can possibly made us see the output with the use of,
Oscilloscope, a laboratory instrument that used to display and analyse the waveform of
electronic signals, the device draws a graph of the instantaneous signal. Combining this, the
Function Generator is a signal source which provides a specific voltage applied over a specific
time while it is connected to Oscilloscope which analyse the signal received and display it in
form of variety of wave as stated.

VII. CONCLUSION

Upon the viewing and conducting of the several specific instructions about the
experiment, we were able to perform the procedures with guidance accordingly to the objectives
of the experiment. On a short scale of time, we were able to produce the specific forms of sine
waves upon the given parameters. And later on, after a few more repetitive observations we
familiarized ourselves of its characteristics and its differences concerning frequency, amplitude,
and time in hertz, voltage, and millisecond respectively. Also upon recording short data, we, as a
group and individually, were able to learn of how usually function generators and oscilloscopes
work. Individually we were able to hands-on perform some of the tasks despite the short time
that we finished recording the data. Giving the experiment more depth, we were able to define
for ourselves certain parameters that are necessary in topics relating the experiment. Such as the
frequencies in waveforms which is measured in cycles per second or Hz (Hertz). The data
recorded also show such definitions such as the peak value of the voltage (Vp), and the peak-to-
peak value of the voltage (Vpp). And by also simply looking and observing, we had ourselves
quickly familiarized by the certain parts of the oscilloscope and also of the function generator.
Given all that, we were also able to produce periodic signals that are not sinusoid, such as square
and triangle waves and recording them all vice versa by photos. We can therefore conclude that
the experiment went well in a short time, satisfying us with hands-on knowledge that’s important
to us on the next discussions and the experiments that will follow.