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INTRODUCTION
General Requirements
Limit State Design
Specifications / Standards
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Concrete Properties
Steel Bar Properties
Reinforced Concrete & Steel Arrangement 2
3
What Do Structural Engineers Realy Do ?
A E S 6 Criteria
* AESTHETIC Beauty
* ECONOMY Economy
* STRENGTH
PERFORMANCE
* STABILITY
BASED
* STIFFNESS Durability
DESIGN
* SERVICEABILITY
* SOUNDNESS
* SUITABILITY Convenience
4
1. Stability
a. Static
b. Dinamic
2. Strength
a. Static
b. Dinamic
3. Serviceability
a. Deflection
b. Lateral Drift
c. Crack
d. Vibration 5
4. Durability
a. Minimum compression strength
b. Depth of concrete covering
c. Cement Content
d. Cement Type
e. ........
5. Fire Resistance
a. Depth of concrete covering
b. Minimum dimension
c. Depth of protection material
d. Duration of Fire Resistance
6. Structural Integrity
Protection of progressive collapse 6
1. ULTIMATE LIMIT STATES
a. Loss of equilibrium
b. Rupture
c. Progressive collapse
d. Formation of plastic mechanism
e. Instability
f. Fatigue
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a. Tata Cara Penghitungan Struktur Beton untuk
Bangunan Gedung, SNI 2847-2013
11
METODA TEGANGAN KERJA
(Working Stress Design /
Allowable Stress Design - ASD)
12
PBI 1971 SNI
* Allowable Stress Load & Resistance
Design (ASD) Factor Design (LRFD)
R
Q SF Q R
* Ultimate Strength
Design
R
s Q m p
Where :
Q = load = load factor 13
R = nominal strength of material = reduction factor
SF = safety factor
R
Q
SF
Where :
Q = load
R = nominal strength of material
SF = safety factor
14
Q Rn
Where :
= load factor
= reduction factor
Q = load
Rn = nominal strength of material
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1. Overload Probability Covered by Load Factor
SNI 2847-2013, sec. 9.2
U = 1.4 D
= 1.2 D + 1.6 L + 0.5 (Lr or R) Lr = roof ; R = rain
= 1.2 D + 1.0 L ± 1.0 W + 0.5 (Lr or R)
= 1.2 D + 1.0 L 1.0 E etc…
2. Variability in Loading
3. Consequences of Collapse
a. Loss of human life
b. Loss of material, time, ......
c. Cost of renovation and re-built 17
40
Minimum specified
Number
30
20
10
54 60 66 72 78 84 90
50
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 14 18
Bar Size
Frequency (%)
50 x = 0.06 in
40
= 0.28 in
30
Range = 2.25 in
20 15.8
12.9
10 6.2
3.0 1.8 2.3
0.1 0.2 0.3
Number 30
20
10
30 30
25 25
Average = 1.01 Average = 0.98
20 20
15 15
10 10
5 5
0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2
Mtest / Mcalc Ptest / Pcalc
BENDING d 56 %
SLAB fy 31 %
As 12 %
COLUMN fc ’ 89.9%
fy 9.8%
SHEAR s 70 %
fy 16 %
23
1. Mass unit of building material :
Steel = 7850 kg/m3
Un-reinforced concrete = 2200 kg/m3
Reinforced concrete = 2400 kg/m3
Wood/timber = 1000 kg/m3
Glass = 2500 kg/m3
Sand = 1800 kg/m3
Soil = 2000 kg/m3
Water = 1000 kg/m3
2. Dead load of building component :
Cement specimen with 10 mm thick = 0.21 kPa
Aspalt with 10 mm thick = 0.14 kPa
Brick wall (one brick thick) = 4.50 kPa
Brick wall (½ brick thick) = 2.50 kPa
Batako wall with 200 mm thick = 2.00 kPa
Batako wall with 120 mm thick = 1.20 kPa
Ceiling with AC ducting = 0.30 kPa
Granite floor = 0.26 kPa 24
Floor specimen with 10 mm thick = 0.22 kPa
Precast panel + granite = 4.50 kPa
- sec. 4.8 SNI 03-1727-1989: Reduced Live Loads
10-6
Lightning
10-7
10-8 Vaccinations
26
27
STANDARD SPECIMEN COMPRESSION
STRENGTH
BjTP-24 6 6 28.30
8 8 50.30
10 10 78.50
12 12 113.00 Minimum Minimum
16 16 201.00 240 390
19 19 284.00
22 22 230.00
25 25 491.00
BjTD-40 D 10 10 78.50
D 13 13 133.00
D 16 16 201.00
D 19 19 284.00 Minimum Minimum
D 22 22 380.00 400 570
D 25 25 491.00
D 28 28 661.00 31
D 32 32 804.00
IS A COMBINATION BETWEEN :
CONCRETE
which has a good performance in
Compression but poor in Tension
and
STEEL
which has a good performance
both in Tension and Compression
32
CONCRETE + STEEL IS A GOOD COMBINATION
1
1-1 tension
Crack
34
2
tension
2
Crack compression
2-2
End of presentation