Name: Ella Widiastuti

Class/NPM: 3D/166310037
Advanced Grammar

A. Definition of Gerund
Before discussing the function of Gerund, let's first define what is Gerund.
Gerund is a verb that functions as a noun so it can function as a subject, object
and complement (complement) in the sentence, also behind a preposition. So
Gerund is actually a verb, but his position in that sentence makes it as a noun. It is
therefore to distinguish from the ordinary verb, its form of verb with plus-in behind
it. In short, Gerund is a noun formed from verbs + ing. In the exam we will usually
not be asked what form of gerund in a sentence, but we will be asked to fill in the
missing word from a sentence with the right words, such as whether to use swim,
swimming, to swim, she swims or others.
For example :
• He is smoking.
Smoking in the above sentence is as a verb (not a gerund).
• Smoking is a bad habit.
'Smoking' in the sentence above serves as a noun (gerund)

B. function of Gerund
As explained above, that Gerund can function the subject, object or complement.
1. As the Subject
Example:
- Swimming is a good sport.
- Working a whole day makes me tired.
 2. As Sentence Object.
Example:
- I dislike Cheating.
- I like Reading
Gerund as Object there are 2 kinds:
1. Verb object (object of verb)
gerund used after the verb.
2. Object of preposition
gerund used after the foreground.
1) Object of Verb
Not all verbs are followed by Gerund.
The specific verbs Gerund follows:

 Understand = mengerti
 Anticipate = merasakan
 Admit = mengakui
 Appreciate = menghargai
 Avoid = menghindari
 Consider = mempertimbangkan
 Mind = keberatan
 Miss = gagal
 Prevent = menahan
 Finish = menyelesaikan
 Delay = menunda
 Enjoy = menyukai
 Excuse = memaafkan
 Imagine = membayangkan
 Anticipate = merasakan, mengetahui lebih dulu
 Detest = jijik, benci
 Escape = lolos
 Feel like = ingin
  Involve = terlibat
 Mention = menyebutkan
 Postpone = menunda
 Save = menghemat
 Suggest = menyarankan
 Risk = mempertahankan

For Example :

 The thief admitted stealing the money.

 I can’t understand his leaving his wife.
 I don’t anticipate meeting any position.
 He avoid drinking bee

(note) Use of multiple words.

Appreciate: followed by possesive adjective.

o I appreciate your giving me so much of your time.

o Excuse, forgive, prevent can be followed: possesive adjective /
pronoun + gerund or pronoun + preposition + gerund.
 Forgive my / me interrupting you.
 Forgive me for interrupting you.
 Excuse my / me ringing you up so early.
 Excuse me for ringing you up so early.
 You can not prevent his / her spending his own money.
 You can not prevent him from spending his own money

Verbs that can be followed: gerund and toininfinitive

 Begin = mulai →Like = suka

 Cease = berhenti → Love = senang
  Continue = terus melanjutkan → Start = mulai
 Dislike = tidak suka → Try = coba
 Hate = benci → Stop = berhenti
 Intend = bermaksud → Remember = ingat
 Go on = terus, meneruskan → Forget = lupa
 Regret = menyesal

Verbs followed by gerund or infinitive, sometimes have different meanings

For Example:

 I like swiming.
 I like to swim (as a hobby).
 I like to swim this afternoon.(expressing desire at the same time).
 He stops smoking.
 He quit smoking (to stop smoking).
 He stops to smoke, because he wants to drink. (stop because there are
other activities)

Note:

Gerund form is also used after phrase:

Can not stand = can not stand it

 Take to = get used

 Can not bear = can not stand it
 Insist on = urgent, forcing
 Can not avoid = can not stand it
 It's worth = worth it, worth it
 Can not help = not hold, not to heart
 It's no use / good = no use
For example:
  I can’t stand waiting too long.
 It’s no use / good arguing. ( bertengkar)
 There is something worth buying

3. As Complement (Complement).
Example:
- The most activity I hate is sleeping.
- My hobby is fishing.

4. Gerund as 'modifier' and 'compound noun'

Compound sentence which means 'place or tool'.
 Reading book = reading book.
 Drawing pen = pen to draw.
 Sewing machine = sewing machine.
 Swimming pool = swimming pool.
 Living room = living room.
 Shopping center = shopping center.

C. Use of Gerund.
Some words, such as adjectives, preposition and verbs must be followed by a Verb-
ing (gerund) form.
a. Use of Gerund after adjectives (with preposition)
The following adjectives + prepositions must be followed by the form -ING:
Afraid of, angry about / at, clever at, interested, proud of, crazy about,
disappointed about, excited
about, famous for, fond of, sorry about, worried about.
For example:
– He’s afraid of going by plane.
– I am interested in visiting the museum.
 – The girl is crazy about playing tennis.
– I’m worried about making mistakes
b. Use of Gerund after Preposition.
The following prepositions should be followed by gerund:
About, of, from, before, apart from, before, by, in, instead of, on, without.
Example:
– Before going to bed he turned off the lights.
– She avoided him by walking on the opposite side of the road.
– We arrived in Madrid after driving all night.
– He told the joke without laughing

c. Use of Gerund after Verbs (verb).

The following verbs should be followed by gerund:
Admit, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, suggest, prefer, delay, deny,
dislike / like,enjoy, fond, resist, continue, imagine, permit, practice.
Example:
– He admitted having driven too fast.
– Ralph is considering buying a new house.
– I delayed telling Max the news.
– They miss playing with their friends

d. Gerund is used for 'ban / short notice'.

 no smoking
 no parking
 no hunting
 no swimming

e. Gerund is used in proverbs.

 Seeing is believing = tidak percaya sebelum melihat.

 Saving is having = hemat pangkal kaya.