MS Excel

Anurag Pandey
Assistant Professor
PSIT College, Kanpur
Formula
Formulas are mathematical expressions built in Excel that instruct the computer
to carry out calculation on specified sets of numbers in the row and columns. A
formula always begins with an equal sign (=) followed by sum combination of
numbers, text, cell references and operators. If a formula is entered incorrectly ,
an ERROR IN FORMULA message will appear. For Applying Formula follow the
steps given below:

1. Select the cell where formula is to be inserted

2. Type (=) followed by the operation (say, Sum, Average, STDEV) to be
performed
3. Select the range, separated by a colon (A1:A5)
4. Press the enter key.
Functions
Microsoft Excel contain many predefined or built in formula, which are known as
functions. These can be used to perform simple or complex calculations. They
perform calculations by using specific values, called arguments, in a particular order.
To insert a function follow the steps given below:
1. Click the cell in which function is to be inserted.
2. Click on formula menu, and click on insert function button.
3. Select the desired function category from the select a category drop down box
and choose the function name from the select a function list, select the desired
function and click ok.
4. Excel displays a function arguments dialog box to help the user to create a
function. Click on the collapse button (labelled with a red arrow) to the right of
the box labelled Number1.
5. Drag the mouse to select the range of cells to be included as the first argument of
the function and press Enter key.
6. Click OK to insert the function.
Some Different types of functions
 Math and Trig Function
 Statistical Function
 Logical Function
 Text Functions

Math and Trig Function

The Excel Math & Trig functions perform many of the common mathematical
calculations, including basic arithmetic, conditional sums & products, exponents
& logarithms, and the trigonometric ratios. Some more math-
related functions are also discussed in the Statistical functions and
Engineering functions categories.
Statistical Function
In addition to formulas, another way to conduct mathematical computations in
Excel is through functions. Statistical functions apply a mathematical process to a
group of cells in a worksheet. For example, the SUM function is used to add the values
contained in a range of cells.
Logical Function
Microsoft Excel provides 4 logical functions to work with the logical values. The
functions are AND, OR, XOR and NOT. ... The formula returns TRUE if a value in cell A2
is greater than or equal to 10, and a value in B2 is less than 5, FALSE otherwise. OR.
Returns TRUE if any argument evaluates to TRUE
Text Functions
The TEXT function lets you change the way a number appears by applying formatting
to it with format codes. It's useful in situations where you want to display numbers in
a more readable format, or you want to combine numbers with text or symbols. Excel
offers many text functions that are super helpful if you need to edit or make additions
to your text strings
Auto sum:
AutoSum is a function in Microsoft Excel and other spreadsheet programs that automatically
enters the appropriate formula or function into your spreadsheet.
How do I use AutoSum in Excel?
 If you need to sum a column or row of numbers, let Excel do the math for you.
1. Select a cell next to the numbers you want to sum,
2. click AutoSum on the Home tab,
3. press Enter, and you're done.
4. When you click AutoSum, Excel automatically enters a formula (that uses the SUM
function) to sum the numbers.

Copying Formula
1. Enter the formula into one cell.
2. Press enter to calculate the formula.
3. Click on the cell to be propagated and copy it (CTRL+C).
4. Select the cells we want to paste the formula (CTRL+V).
Creating chart
1. Enter the data into the worksheet, which is to be converted into a chart.
2. Select data for the chart.
3. Click on Insert
4. Click on the required Charts in chart Section.
Sorting Data
Sorting is the process of arranging data into meaningful order so that you can
analyze it more effectively. For example, you might want to order sales data by
calendar month so that you can produce a graph of sales performance. You can
use Discoverer to sort data as follows: sort text data into alphabetical order.
1. Select the range of cell
2. Click on Data
3. Click on sort
4. Select the required field
5. Click OK
Applying filter
1. Begin with a worksheet that identifies each column using a header row.
2. Select the Data tab, then locate the Sort & Filter group.
3. Click the Filter command.
4. Drop-down arrows will appear in the header of each column.
5. Click the drop-down arrow for the column you want to filter.
6. Select the required operations from drop-down list.