Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
By
© अमिर्त मिशोर
1. mi iqLrdksa dks lgh LFkku ij j[kus dk dk;Z ftudks ikBdksa ds }kjk vuqfpr fu/kkfu;ksa esa j[k fn;k tkrk gS dks tkuk
tkrk gS %
(a) fu/kkuh ifj”kks/ku
(b) HkkSfrd lR;kiu
(c) Hk.Mkj LFkkukUrj.k
(d) fu/kkuh fu;ru
2. fo”ofo|ky; iqLrdky; dk foÙkh; L=ksr gS %
(a) ;wthlh vuqnku
(b) fo”ofo|ky; ctV
(c) fo”ofo|ky; ctV ;wthlh ls vuqnku vkSj jkT; ljdkj ls vuqnku
(d) jkT; ljdkj ls vuqnku
3. vjusV dk iw.kZ :i D;k gS %
(a) ,twds”ku ,oa fjlpZ usVodZ
(b) bdksuksfed fjlpZ usVodZ
(c) bLVuZ jhtu usVodZ
(d) bysDVªksfud fjlpZ usVodZ
4. gkbijVsDLV “kCn fuEufyf[kr ds }kjk izfrikfnr fd;k x;k %
(a) VsM usYlu
(b) ,e lh dhaFk
(c) tkWu czkmu
(d) c=scj cq”k
5. vkU/kz izns”k lkoZtfud iqLrdky; vf/kfu;e izHkkoh gks x;k Fkk %
(a) 1960
(b) 1948
(c) 1955
(d) 1968
6. ‘oYMZ v‚Q+ yÉux’ ,d gS %
(a) xzUFk lwph
(b) funsZf”kdk
(c) “kCndks”k
(d) okf’kZd fjiksVZ
7. ifjxzg.k iaftdk esa izys[kksa dh izfof’V fuEufyf[kr ds Øekuqlkj dh tkrh gS %
(a) iqLrdky; esa izkfIr frfFk
(b) fcy la[;k
(c) oxZ la[;k
(d) izdk”kd dk uke
8. vKkr ys[kd d`fr;ksa dks dgk tkrk gS %
(a) xqeuke d`fr
(b) d`f=e d`fr
(c) lekukFkZ d`fr
90. Hkkjr esa iqLrdky;ksa ds fodkl ds fy, igyh ckj iz;kl ------- }kjk fd;s x;s Fks %
(a) ,l jk/kkd`’.ku
(b) ,l vkj jaxukFku
(c) l;kth jko xk;dokM r`rh;
(d) l;kth jko xk;dokM+ izFke
91. izkFkfed lkfgR; ds izfrfuf/kRo jsiSdsftax vkSj laf{kIrhdj.k dh izfØ;k ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i f}rh;d tuZYl dk
l`tu gksrk gS og gS %
(a) bysDVªkWfud tuZy
(b) gkml tuZy
(c) U;wtysVj
(d) vkof/kd izdk”kuksa dk lkjdj.k vkSj vuqØe.khdj.k
92. , ,l lh vkj gS %
(a) ,aXyks vesfjdk dsVsykWx fu;e
(b) ,f”kvkbZ vkSj vfÝdh dsVsykWx fu;e
(c) ,aXyks vesfjdk dEI;wVj fu;e
(d) ,aXyks vÝhdh dsVsykwx fu;e
93. Hkkjrh; izfrfyI;kf/kdkj dkuwu ds vuqlkj izfrfyI;kdkj ¼izfrfyI;kf/kdkj½ fuEufyf[kr vof/k ds fy, iznku fd;k
tkrk gS %
(a) ys[kd dh e`R;q ds ckn ipkl o’kZ rd
(b) ys[kd dh e`R;q ds ckn lkB o’kZ rd
(c) iqLrd ds izdk”ku ds ckn lkB o’kZ rd
(d) iqLrd ds izdk”ku ds ckn ipkl o’kZ rd
94. vkbZ ,l ch Mh fuf”pr izn”kZd gS %
(a) bafM;u LVs.MMZ QkWjj cqDl ,.M MksD;wesUVl
(b) bUVjus”kuy LVs.MMZ QkWj fcfCy;ksxzkQhdy fMfLØI”ku
(c) bafM;u flLVe QkWj fcfCy;ksxzkQhdy fMfLØI”ku
122. fo’k; oxhZdj.k dks izkjafHkd :i ls fdlds }kjk izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gS\
(a) ,p bZ fCyl
(b) ts Mh czkmu
(c) ,l lh czSMQksMZ
(d) ,l vkj jaxukFku
123. Mh Mh lh oxks± ds foHkktu dk igy fdl ij vk/kkfjr gS\
(a) oxhZdj.k dh tsosV iz.kkyh
(b) isfjl ds iqLrd foØsrkvksa dh iz.kkyh
(c) Ýafll czsdu ds vf/kxe ds rhu L=ksr
(d) fu;r LFkku iz.kkyh
124. Hkkjr esa bZ Vh Mh MsVkcsl fuEufyf[kr ds }kjk iznÙk gS %
(a) “kks/kxaxks=h
(b) fo|kfuf/k
(c) “kks/kxaxk
(d) ;w ,e vkbZ izksdsLV
125. “kCn fyVjsjh ckjaV dks fdlds }kjk izLrqr fd;k x;k Fkk\
(a) MkW- ,e vkj jaxukFku
(b) , uhyesgku
(c) bZ fo|kegYesa
(d) esyfcy Mhoh
126. oSKkfud izca/ku ds tud dkSu gS %
(a) ywFkj xqfyd
(b) vczkge eklyks
(c) gSujh QS;kWy
(d) ,Qy MCyw Vsyj
127. Hkkjr esa jk’Vªh; Lrj ij iqLrdky; ,oa lwpuk uhfr ykxw djus okyk laxBu gS %
(a) vkj vkj vkj ,y ,Q
(b) fulkr
(c) ;wusLdks
(d) bUlMkWd
128. ;wusLdks dk iz/kku dk;kZy; ---------------- esa fLFkr gS %
(a) yanu
(b) uhnjySaM gsg esa
(c) isfjl] Ýkal
(d) baXys.M
129. ^Mcfyu dksj* D;k gS\
mÙkjekyk
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (a)
6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (b)
11. (d) 12. (a) 13. (c) 14. (d) 15. (a)
16. (c) 17. (c) 18. (a) 19. (b) 20. (a)
21. (a) 22. (d) 23. (a) 24. (a) 25. (c)
26. (b) 27. (d) 28. (d) 29. (b) 30. (c)
31. (b) 32. (d) 33. (a) 34. (b) 35. (d)
36. (a) 37. (c) 38. (a) 39. (b) 40. (b)
41. (c) 42. (b) 43. (c) 44. (d) 45. (a)
46. (d) 47. (d) 48. (b) 49. (b) 50. (b)
1. ^^lwpuk] fQthdy izkS|ksfxdh ls Hkh vf/kd “kfDr”kkyh gS vkSj ;g ,d ,slk vn`”; fyad gS tks fd lekt dks ,d
lkFk ,d lw= esa ck¡/ks gq;s gSa** bl dFku dks fuEu esa ls fdlus mn~/k`r fd;k gS\
(a) MkW- ,l- vkj- jaxukFku
(b) MCY;q- lh- ch- ls;lZ
(c) fofy;e bZ- gyky
(d) ,- uhyes?ku
2. jaxukFku us cukjl esa vk;ksftr izFke vf[ky Hkkjrh; “kSf{kd lEesyu esa ,d ekWMy lkoZtfud iqLrdky; vf/kfu;e
fuEu esa ls fdl o’kZ esa izLrqr fd;k\
(a) 1931
(b) 1930
(c) 1933
(d) 1937
3. jktdh; gfj”pUnz lkoZtfud ftyk iqLrdky;] jktdh; lqesj lkoZtfud eaMy iqLrdky;] jktdh; ljLorh eaMy
iqLrdky; vkSj jktdh; egkjktk lkoZtfud eaMy iqLrdky; dks ;g tgk¡ fLFkr gS] muds fuEu esa ls lgh Øe dks
pquaAs
(a) tks/kiqj > >kykokM+ > mn;iqj > t;iqj
(b) >kykokM+ > mn;iqj > tks/kiqj > t;iqj
(c) >kykokM+ > tks/kiqj+ > mn;iqj > t;iqj
(d) >kykokM+ > tks/kiqj > t;iqj > mn;iqj
4. ns”k esa fdl iapo’khZ; ;kstuk esa fo”o fo+|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx }kjk “kSf{kd iqLrdky;ksa esa vius vuqla/kku djus esa
O;Lr oSKkfud ds le; dks cpkus ds fy, jhizksxzkQh lsok,¡ iznku djus dk izko/kku fd;k x;k gS\
(a) iape iapo’khZ; ;kstuk
(b) prqFkZ iapo’khZ; ;kstuk
(c) f}rh; iapo’khZ; ;kstuk
(d) NBh iapo’khZ; ;kstuk
5. fdl vk;ksx us ;g flQkfj”k dh fd fo”ofo|ky; dk ykbczsfj;u fdlh Hkh ekeys esa ,d izksQslj ls de ugha gS] mls
izsQslj dh rjg jsd a ] Ldsy] in rFkk lsok vkfn nh tkuh pkfg,\
(a) lsMyj vk;ksx (1917)
(b) gaVj vk;ksx (1882)
(c) ek/;fed f”k{kk vk;ksx (1953)
(d) fo”ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx (1953)
6. vkbZ- ,u- ch- dk vfHkizk; gS %
(a) baMh;u ukbZthfj;u ck;ksxzkQh
(b) baMh;u us”kuy ck;ksxzkQh
(c) baMh;u us”kuy fcfCy;ksxzkQh
(d) baMh;u uksFkZu fcfCy;ksxzkQh
7. 1900 esa cxhpk iqLrdky; ¼xkMsZu ykbczsjh½ t;iqj dks fuEu esa ls fdlds }kjk LFkkfir fd;k x;k Fkk %
(a) fetkZ jktk jke flag
1. ^fjlpZ eksuksxzkQ* ,d :i gS %
(a) izkFkfed lzksr dk
(b) f}rh;d lzksr dk
(c) r`rh;d lzksr dk
(d) xSj&nLrkost lzksr dk
2. oYMZ vkWQ yfu±x gS %
(a) fo”odks”k
(b) okf’kZdh
(c) funsZf”kdk
(d) “kCndks”k
3. fuEufyf[kr esa ls ,-,y-,- fdlds fy, iz;qDr gksrk gS\
(a) ,f”k;u ykbczsjh ,lksfl,”ku
(b) vkWLVªfs y;u ykbczsjh ,lksfl,”ku
(c) vÝhdu ykbczsjh ,lksfl,”ku
(d) vesfjdu ykbczsjh ,lksfl,”ku
4. ^xzUFkky; gLrfyfi* dk lEcU/k fuEufyfkr esa ls fdlds lkFk gS\
(a) xzaFkksa ds oxhZdj.k ls
(b) lwph dh izfof’V;ksa dks rS;kj djus ls
(c) lUnHkZ lsok iznku djus ls
(d) lwph dh izfof’V;ksa ds Vad.k ls
5. Mh- Mh- lh- 22ok¡ laLdj.k izdkf”kr gqvk\
(a) QkWjsLV izsl }kjk
(b) vks-lh-,y-lh- }kjk
(c) vkbZ- ,Q- ,y- ,- }kjk
(d) ;wusLdks }kjk
6. dbZ xzUFkky;ksa dh lfEefyr lwph dks D;k dgrs gS\
(a) la?k lwph
(b) la;qDr lwph
(c) lfEefyr lwph
(d) lgdkjh lwph
7. fuEufyf[kr esa fdlds e/; izcU/kdh; lEizs"k.k lek;ksftr jgrk gS\
(a) ,d O;fDr ls nwljs O;fDr rd
(b) O;fDr ls lewg rd
(c) nksuksa (A) vkSj (B) lR; gS
(d) nksuksa (A) vkSj (B) vlR; gS
8. la”kksf/kr Ük`a[kyk izfØ;k dk uke D;k gS\
(a) izsfll
(b) ikWIlh
(c) fDod
1. लाइब्रेरी मर्ज्ञान िा िौन सा सूत्र पस्ु र्तिालयों िे मर्िास से संबमं िर्त है?
(a) Fourth Law
(b) Second Law
(c) First Law
(d) Fifth Law
2. डीआरटीसी (DRTC) द्वारा प्रिामशर्त पमत्रिा िा नाि है:
(a) Indian Library Science Abstract
(b) Library Science with a slant to documentation
(c) Annals of Library Science and documentation
(d) None of the above
3. संसािन साझेदारी मिसिा महस्सा है:
(a) Library Cooperation
(b) Library Administration
(c) Library Management
(d) Library Cataloguing
4. पस्ु र्तिालय सहयोग िा संशोमिर्त और मर्िमसर्त नाि क्या है?
(a) Cooperative working
(b) Resource sharing
(c) Library networking
(d) Cooperative library
5. अंर्तर पस्ु र्तिालय ऋण िा अथव क्या है?
(a) Loan of library
(b) Loan of books
(c) Loan of Money
(d) Loan of books from other libraries
6. साझा िै टलॉग िा एि उदाहरण है:
(a) Union catalogue
(b) Centralized cataloguing
(c) Resource sharing
(d) Inter library loan
7. ररग्रेशन मर्श्लेषण मिसिे भमर्ष्यर्ाणी से जड़ु ा हुआ है?
(a) Independent variable
(b) Dependent variable
(c) Constants
(d) None of these
mÙkjekyk
1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (d)
6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (a)
11. (c) 12. (c) 13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (b)
16. (c) 17. (c) 18. (b) 19. (c) 20. (b)
21. (a) 22. (c) 23. (b) 24. (d) 25. (b)
26. (b) 27. (d) 28. (b) 29. (b) 30. (b)
31. (a) 32. (a) 33. (d) 34. (c) 35. (b)
36. (b) 37. (b) 38. (b) 39. (d) 40. (a)
41. (c) 42. (a) 43. (a) 44. (a) 45. (d)
46. (d) 47. (c) 48. (d) 49. (d) 50. (d)
51. (d) 52. (b) 53. (d) 54. (a) 55. (d)
56. (b) 57. (d) 58. (b) 59. (d) 60. (b)
61. (c) 62. (a) 63. (b) 64. (d) 65. (a)
66. (a) 67. (a) 68. (c) 69. (c) 70. (b)
71. (c) 72. (d) 73. (b) 74. (d) 75. (d)
76. (c) 77. (d) 78. (d) 79. (b) 80. (b)
81. (a) 82. (c) 83. (c) 84. (a) 85. (c)
86. (d) 87. (d) 88. (d) 89. (c) 90. (a)
91. (c) 92. (d) 93. (d) 94. (d) 95. (c)
96. (b) 97. (c) 98. (a) 99. (d) 100. (d)
Management Theories
Management Theories Devised by
Bureaucratic Management Theory Max Weber
Hierarchy of Need Theory Abraham Maslaw
Management by Objectives Peter Drucker
Motivation Hygien & Developed two-factor theory F. Herzberg
Principles of Management Henry Fayol
Scientific Management Principles F.W. Taylor
Self-determination theory Edward Deci and Richard Ryan
Six Sigma Bill Smith & Mikel J. Harry/ Motorola
(1986)
Social Relation of Management Elton Mayo
Temporal Motivation Theory Academy of Management Review(2007)
Theory X and Theory Y D. McGregor
TQM USA Navy(1985)
Vroom Formula of Motivation Vroom (1964)
Cataloguing Code
Cataloguing Code Publication Year
British museum code 1841
Jevet Code 1852
Rules for dictionary catalogue 1876
245 tag Title information (which includes the title, other title information, and the statement of responsibility)
300 tag Physical description (often referred to as the "collation" when describing books)
700 tag Personal name added entry (joint author, editor, or illustrator)
FRBR Model
Group 1 1. Work - a creative piece
2. Expression - the realization of a work
3. Manifestation - the embodiment of work
4. Item - a single exemplar of a manifestation
Group 2 1. Person
2. Corporate Body
Group 3 1. Concept
2. Object
3. Event
4. Place
Subject Cataloguing
Cataloguing Code Publication Year
Sear’s List of Subject Heading (1st edition) 1923
Sear’s List of Congress List of Subject Heading (21st edition) (Latest edition) 2014
Library of Congress List of Subject Heading (1st edition) 1898
Library of Congress List of Subject Heading (39th edition) (Latest edition) 2017
Chain Indexing 1934
Indexing System
Indexing System Devised by Year
Systematic indexing J. Kaiser 1911
Chain Index S.R.Ranganathan 1934
Uniterm Indexing M.Taube 1953
Keyword Indexing H.P.Luhn 1959
Citation Indexing Eugine Garfield 1963
BIT Indexing Coats 1963
PRECIS Derek Austin 1969 (First
published in 1974)
POPSI G.Bhattacharya --
Subject Indexing M.E.Sears --
SLIC Indexing J.R.Sharp --
Automatic Indexing Herbert Ohlman --
Peak-a-Boo Indexing Batan --
Zetacoding Indexing Moores --
1st 1876
2nd 1885
3rd 1888
4th 1891
6th 1899
7th 1911
9th 1915
10th 1919
2nded. 1939
Bibliometrix Laws
Bibliometrix Laws Developed by Year
Statistical Bibliography Hulme 1923
Librametary Ranganathan 1948
Bibliomatrix A. Pritchard 1969
Zipf Law Zipf 1935
Lotka Law Lotka 1926
Broadford Law of Scattering Broadford 1934
Communication Models
Communication Model Developed by
Traditional Model Aristotale
Verbal Model Lasswell
Communication Model Shanon& Weaver
Mathematical Communication Claude Shannon
English School of Information Colin Cherry
Multistage Model of Information Charles Osgood
Encyclopedia
Name of Encyclopedia Place of Publication Publication Year
Encyclopedia Britannica Edinburg 1771
Encyclopedia Britannica (15th ed.) (Latest -- 2010
print edition) (32 Vol.)
Encyclopedia Americana New York 1829
Library Software
Name Developed by Year
CDS/ISIS( Computerized UNESCO 1985
Documentation System
(CDS)/(Integrated Set of Information
Systems)
SOUL INFLIBNET 2000
SOUL 2.0 (Latest edition of SOUL) INFLIBNET 2009
E Granthalaya NIC 2003
E Granthalaya 3.0 NIC 2007
E Granthalaya 4.0 (Latest edition of e- NIC
Granthalaya)
DSPACE Duraspace (MIT and HP Labs) 2002
KOHA KATIPO Communication 1111
GREENSTONE New Zealand Digital Library 1997
Project
WINISIS 1998
NEWGENLIB Verus Solutions Pvt Ltd 1117
Sanjay DESIDOC --
Grathalaya INSDOC --
Libsys Infotech --
Important statement
Statement by Statement/theory
C. D. Desmukh The students were the body of the university, the
administration was, of course, the head, the
teachers were the soul and the library, the heart"
C. Richardson Notation is a shorthand sign
Chilkamarti Lakshmi Narasimham Who said that each village
should have libraries like we have the tanks and
wells
Drury To Provide the right book to the right reader at the
right time.
Mc Colvin Demand and supply theory
Melvil Dewey The best reading for the largest number at the least
time.
S. R. Rangnathn Reference service is, the process of
establishing right contact between the right reader
and the right book at the right time in the right
personal way"
William E. Halal Information is more powerful than physical
technology and its form is invisible link that bind a
society together.
S. R. Ranganathan If you want to be a reference librarian, you must
learn to overcome not only your shyness but also
the shyness of others!
Books by S. R. Rangnathan
Book Publication year
The Five Laws of Library Science 1931
Colon Classification 1933
Classified Cataloguing Code 1934
Prolegomena to Library Classification 1937
Prolegomena to Library Classification (2nd ed.) 1957
Prolegomena to Library Classification (3rd Ed.) 1967
Classification and Communication 1951
Documentation: Genesis and Development 1973
Documentation and its facets 1963
Reference Service 1961
Library Book Selection 1952
Library Book Selection (2nd ed.) 1966
Philosophy of Library Classification 1951
Library Administration 1935
Library Manual 1951
Ramanujan: The man and the mathematician 1967
Suggestion for the organization of the Libraries in India 1946
Heading and Canons 1955
A Librarian Looks Back: An autobiography of Dr. S. R. Rangnathan 1992
(Editor: P. N. Kaula)
Colon Classification (1st ed.) 1933
Colon Classification (2nd ed.) 1939
Colon Classification (3rd ed.) 1950
Colon Classification (4th ed.) 1952
Colon Classification (5th ed.) 1957
Colon Classification (6th ed.) 1960
'DELMS' library software िा मर्िास DESIDOC द्वारा (1988) मिया गया है।
'ILMS' library software package िा मर्िास INFLIBNET द्वारा मिया गया है।
'D-Space' िा मर्िास सन 2002 िे HP & MIT, USA द्वारा मिया गया है। जो
digital library software है।
'LibSys' मर्िास Infotak Consultants Pvt Ltd, NewDelhi द्वारा मिया गया है।
1652 t;iqj dk igyk iqLrdky; vkesj esa jktk eku flag }kjk LFkkfir fd;k x;k FkkA
1808 Delivery and Registration of Publications Act of Bombay dkuwu lu 1808 esa ikl fd;k
x;kA
1836 Hkkjr ds jk"Vªh; iqLrdky; dh LFkkiuk lu 1836 bZŒ esa ‘Culcutta Public Library’ds uke
ls gqbZ Fkh ftls lu 1902 bZŒ esa ‘Impirial Library’ esa feyk fn;k x;kA
1841 lu 6746 bZŒ British Museum Code ¼Pinizi Codes½ dk fuekZ.k Pinzi egksn; }kjk fd;k
x;kA
1850 lu 1850 esa çFke iqLrdky; vf/kfu;e Great Britain esa ykxw fd;k x;kA
1850 iqLrdky; vkUnksyu dh fn'kk esa fo'o esa bl çdkj dk çFke ç;kl baxySaM esa lu~ 1850
esa ‘Public Library Act’ ds }kjk fd;k x;kA
1852 lu 1852 esa British Patent Law ykxw gqvkA lu 1856 esa Intellectual Property Right Act
of India ikfjr gqvk tks British Patent Law ij vk/kkfjr FkkA
1856 lu 1856 esa Intellectual Property Right Act of India ikfjr gqvk tks British Patent Law
ij vk/kkfjr FkkA
1867 lu 1867 esa Press and Registration of books Act ykxw fd;k x;kA
1876 Melvil Dewey ds }kjk Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) dh jpuk dh xbZA
1883 Msoh egksn; lu 6773 esa U;w;‚dZ 'kgj ds dksyafc;k d‚yst ds iqLrdky;k/;{k cusA
1885 lu 1885 esa fo'o O;kikj laxBu (WTO: World Trade Organisation) dh LFkkiuk bl fn'kk
esa Økafrdkjh dne Fkk ftldh LFkkiuk “Agreement on the Trade related aspect of
intellectual property rights (TRIPS)” le>kSrs ds rgr dh xbZ FkhA
1886 lu 1886 esa d‚ihjkbV/ckSf)d laink vf/kdkj ij çfl) “Berne convention dk vk;kstu
fd;k x;kA
1887 Msoh egksn; us nqfu;k dk igyk iqLrdky; Ldwy “School of Library Economy” LFkkfir
fd;kA
1891 1891 bZŒ esa rRdkyhu ok;ljk; ykMZdtZu us dbZ lfpoky; iqLrdky; dks feyk dj
baihfj;y ykbczsjh dh LFkkiuk dhA
1892 M‚Œ ,l- vkj- jaxukFku ¼Hkkjrh; iqLrdky; foKku ds tud½ dk tUe 12 vxLr 1892 dks
f'k;kyh] eækl ¼orZeku psUubZ½ esa gqvk Fkk gkyk¡fd dbZ lkfgR;ksa esa tUe 9 vxLr 1892 Hkh
ntZ gSA
1898 fo"k; 'kh"kZd fuekZ.k ds fy, Libraryof Congress Subject Headings dh jpuk dh xbZA
1902 1902 bZŒ esa dydÙkk ifCyd ykbczsjh dks ‘Impirial Library’ esa feyk fn;k x;kA
1903 bl uohu ‘Imperial Library of India’ dks 30 tuojh 6903bZŒ ds fnu esMd‚Q g‚y esa
turk ds mi;ksxrkFkZ [kksy fn;k x;kA
1904 lu 1904 esa Library of Congress Classification dk igyk laLdj.k çdkf'kr gqvkA
1905 lu 1905 esa Universal Decimal Classification ¼UDC) dk igyk laLdj.k çdkf'kr gqvkA
1910 Hkkjr esa iqLrdky; vkUnksyu dk Jh x.ks'k 1910 esa cM+kSnk ds ujs'k f'k;kth jko
xk;dokM+ f}rh; ds ç;kl ls gqvkA mUgsa Hkkjrh; iqLrdky; vkanksyu ds tud ds rkSj
ij Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA
1911 esfYoy Msoh ds Nk= A. W. Borden }kjk fl;kth jko xk;dokM+ f}rh; ds ç;kl ls Hkkjr
esa “Refresher course for librarians” dh 'kq#vkrA
1923 Sears List of Subject Headings (SLSH) dk igyk laLdj.k çdkf'kr gqvkA
1928 jaxukFku }kjk 6927 bZŒ esa iqLrdky; foKku ds ik¡p lw=ksa dk çfriknu fd;k x;kA
1931 vk/kqfud iqLrdky; oxhZdj.k ds tud Melville Dewey dh e`R;q gks xbZA
1933 6933 bZŒ esa ds ,e vlnqYyk ‘Imperial Library of India’ ds iqLrdky;k/;{k cusA bUgksua s
6935 bZŒ esa N% ekl dk iqLrdky; çf'k{k.k çkjaHk fd;kA
1946 lu 1946 esa United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO) dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA
1947 lu 1947 esa National Medical Library, New Delhi dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ ftldk eq[;ky;
AIIIMS, New Delhi esa vofLFkr gSA
1948 çFke iqLrdky; vf/kfu;e 1948 esa eækl lkoZtfud iqLrdky; vf/kfu;e ds :i esa
ikfjr gqvkA
1948 loZçFke jk/kk —".ku~ vk;ksx 1948 us fo|ky; f'k{kk esa xzUFkky;ksa dks egRo fn;kA
1949 ;wusLdks us vius lnL; ns'kksa ds fy, lkoZtfud xzaFkky; eSfuQsLVksa dks 1949 esa rS;kj fd;k
1951 UGC }kjk ‘Wheat loan Educational Exchange Programme’ dh 'kq#vkr dh xbZA
1951 lu 1951 esa ;wusLdks ds lg;ksx ls Delhi Public Library dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA
1951 1951 bZŒesa if'pe caxky ds rRdkyhu jkT;iky Jh jktxksikykpkjh dh vuq'kalk ij jk"Vªh;
iqLrdky; dks esMd‚Q g‚y ls LFkkukarfjr dj csyosfM;j esa yk;k x;k tgk¡ ;g vkt rd
vofLFkr gSA
1953 UGC dh LFkkiuk 28 fnlacj 1953 dks rRdkyhu f'k{kk ea=h ekSykuk vcqy dyke vktkn
us vkSipkfjd rkSj ij ;wfuoflZVh xzkaV~l deh'ku dh uhao j[kh FkhA blds ckn gkykafd 1956
bZŒ esa ;wthlh dks laln esa ikfjr ,d fo'ks"k fo/ks;d ds ckn ljdkj ds v/khu yk;k x;k
vkSj rHkh vkSipkfjd rkSj ij bls LFkkfir ekuk x;kA
1953 vktknh ds ckn lu 6947 bZŒ esa Imperial Library of India’ dks jk"Vªh; iqLrdky; ?kksf"kr
fd;k x;k rFkk 1 Qjojh 1953 esa rkRdkfyd f'k{kk ea=h vcqy dyke vktkn }kjk bls lHkh
Hkkjrh; ds fy, [kksy fn;k x;kA
1954 fMyhojh v‚Q cqDl ,DV, 1954 bZŒ ds dkuwu ds }kjk çR;sd çdk'ku dh ,d çfr jk"Vªh;
iqLrdky; dks Hkstuk çdk'kdksa ds fy, vfuok;Z dj fn;k x;k gSA
1955 bl o"kZ Indian Association of Special Libraries and Information Centre ¼IASLIC½ dh
LFkkiuk fd;k x;k A
1957 Hkkjr esa fczVus dk gh d‚ih jkbV ,DV çHkko esa Fkk rFkk vktknh ds ckn lu 6958 esa
‘Indian Copy Right Act 1957’ ikfjr fd;k x;kA
1957 Mh.ch. —".kjko dks fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; }kjk iqLrdky; foKku esa çFke Ph. D dh mikf/kA
1958 bl o"k Indian National Bibliography ¼INB½ dk igyk laLdj.k çdkf'kr gqvkA
1962 jaxukFku }kjk Documentation Research and Training Centre (DRTC), Bangalore dh
LFkkiuk A
1965 bl o"kZ Dr. S. R. Ranganathan dks National research professor of Library science ds :i
esa fu;qä fd;k x;kA
1972 laL—fr ea=ky; }kjk Raja Rammohan Roy Library Foundation (RRRLF) dh LFkkiukA
1972 lu 1971 esa ;wusLdks }kjk International Book Year euk;k x;kA
1972 UNESCO }kjk Public Library Manifesto dks la'kksf/kr fd;k x;kA
1972 jktk jke eksgu jk; dh Le`fr esa mlds 200osa tUefnu ij Hkkjr ljdkj ds laL—fr ea=ky;
ds vf/ku ,d laLFkk ds :i esa jktk jke eksgu jk; iqLrdky; çfr"Bku dh LFkkiuk lu
1972 esa gqbZA
1977 IFLA }kjk Universal Machine Readable Catalogue(UNIMARC) dk fodkl fd;k x;kA
1981 M‚Œ chŒ ihŒ c:vk ds v/;{krk esa RRRLF us 6976 bZŒ esa ,d dk;Zdkjh ny dk xBu
jk"Vªh; iqLrdky; uhfr dk çk:i rS;kj djus ds fy, cuk;kA
1983 6973 bZŒ esa “National Policy on Library and information system” dk çk:i rS;kj fd;k
x;k ftlds vk/kkj ij Hkkjr ljdkj ds laL—fr foHkkx us ,d Mªk¶V i‚fylh LVsVesUV~ tkjh
fd;k rFkk M‚ MhŒ ihŒ p)ksik/;k; dh v/;{krk esa ,d lehfr dk xBu fd;k ftlus 6971
bZŒ esa viuh vuq'kalk,¡ çLrqr dhA
1989 Melvil Dewey 6979 esa os U;w;‚dZ LVsV ykbczsjh ds funs'kd Hkh cusA
1991 ch. ch. 'kqDyk dks mRdy fo'ofo|ky; }kjk iqLrdky; foKku esa çFke Mh fyV~ dh mikf/kA
1994 1994 esa baVjus'kuy QsMjs'ku vkWQ ykbczsjh ,lksfl,s'ku (IFLA) ds lg;ksx ls lkoZtfud
xzaFkky; ?kks"k.kki= rS;kj fd;k x;kA bl ?kks"k.kki= dks O;kid :i ls lHkh ns'kksa }kjk
Lohdkj fd;k x;k gSA
2000 bl o"kZ Indian National Bibliography ¼INB½ dk igyk daI;wVjh—r laLdj.k çdkf'kr
gqvkA
2002 Hkkjrh; laln }kjk lwpuk dh LorU=rk ¼Freedom of Information½ fo/ks;d ikfjr fd;k
x;kA
2002 lu 2002 bZŒ esa LA rFkk IIS(Institute of Information Scientists) dks feykdj
CILIP(Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals) laLFkk dk xBu
fd;k x;k gSA
2002 University Grants Commission (UGC) }kjk Hkkjrh; fo'ofo|ky;ksa dks lHkh fo"k;ksa ij
bysDVªksfud tuZy vkSj 2002 MkVkcsl gsrq v‚uykbu vfHkxe miyC/k djus ds fy,
UGC-Infonet E-Journals Consortium lu 2002 esa 'kq: fd;k x;k FkkA
2005 bl o"kZ National Knowledge Commission dk xBu fd;k x;k ftlds ps;jeSu Sam
Patroda FksA
2007 bl o"kZ ISBN la[;k dks 10 digits ls 13 digit esa dk dj fn;k x;kA
2009 bl o"kZ lkaL—frd ea=ky; }kjk National Mission on Libraries (NML) ij lfefr dk
xBu fd;k x;kA
2010 ‘Encyclopedia Brittanicca’ dk eqfær Lo:i esa vafre vkSj ví~ru ¼15oka½ laLdj.k 32
[k.Mksa esa çdkf'kr gqvkA
2011 Hkkjr esa International Standard Book Number (ISBN) la[;k çnku djus okyh laLFkk
RRRLF dk eq[;ky; dksydkrk ls fnYyh LFkkukarfjr dj fn;k x;kA
2012 bl o"kZ lkaL—frd ea=ky; }kjk xfBr lfefr }kjk National Mission on Libraries(NML)
ij fjiksVZ çLrqr fd;k x;kA
2012 lanHkZ lzksr ‘Encyclopedia Brittanicca’ dk eqfær Lo:i esa çdk'ku can gksus dh ?kks"k.kk dh
xbZA vc ;g flQZ bysDVªksfud Lo:i esm a iyC/k gksxkA
2012 Copyright Act, 1957 dk ví~ru la'kks/s ku o"kZ 2012 esa la'kksf/kr fd;k x;kA
2014 ykbczsjh v‚Q d‚axzsl lCtsDV gsfMaXl dk 37oka laLdj.k ihMh,Q ds :i esa çdkf'kr gqvkA
2017 ykbczsjh v‚Q d‚axzsl lCtsDV gsfMaXl dk 39oka laLdj.k ihMh,Q ds :i esa çdkf'kr gqvkA
laf{kIrk{kj
(Abbreviations)
AI Artificial Intelligence
CD Compact Disc
EB Exa Byte
GB Gigabyte
IM Information Management
IR Information Retrieval
IT Information Technology
KB Kilobyte
LC Library of Congress
MB Mega Byte
PB Peta Byte
PC Personal Computer
TB Tera Byte
YB Yotta Byte
ZB Zetta Byte