Pacific School of Engineering , Surat

Instrumentation And Process Control

B.E. Semester – 5
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
An
Presentation
On
“FLOW MEASUREMENT”
Submitted by:
Sr.No Name Enrollment No.

1. Brijesh Jha 161120105017

2. Narayan Bhargav 161120105004

3. Sojitra Umang 161120105058

4. Navadiya Vivek 161120105035

ACADEMICS YEAR :- (2018-2019)

HEAD OF DEPARTMENT : GUIDED BY:

Piyush Modi Dishank Taylor
 DEFINATION
• Flow measurement is the quantification of bulk
fluid movement. Flow can be measured in a
variety of ways. Positive-
displacement flow meters accumulate a fixed
volume of fluid and then count the number of
times the volume is filled to measure flow .
• The value of product being measured by these
meters is also very large. For example, in the U.K.
alone, it was estimated that in 1994 the value of
crude oil produced was worth $15 billion.
• It is somewhat surprising that both the accuracy
and capability of many flowmeters are poor in
comparison to those instruments used for
measurement of other common process variables
such as pressure and temperature..
Principles of Fluid Flow in Pipes

 In laminar flow , the fluid travels as parallel

layers
 (known as streamlines) that do not mix as
they move in
 the direction of the flow.
 If the flow is turbulent, the fluid does not
travel in parallel
 layers, but moves in a haphazard manner
with only the
 average motion of the fluid being parallel to
the axis of the pipe.

.
 Principles of Fluid Flow in Pipes

• The Reynolds number Re is the ratio of the

inertia forces in the flow to the viscous forces in
the flow and can be calculated using:
• Re=Du$/µ
• If Re < 2000, the flow will be laminar.
• If Re < 4000, the flow will be turbulent.
• If 2000<Re<4000, the flow is transitional
• The Reynolds number is a good guide to
the type of flow
DIAGRAM OF LAMINAR AND TURBULENT FLOW
MAJOR TYPES OF
FLUID MEASUREMENT DEVICES

• 1. THE ORFICE PLATE

• 2.THE VENTURI TUBE
• 3.THE NOZZLE
• 4.ROTAMETER
THE ORFICE PLATE DIAGRAM
 The Orifice Plate
• An orifice plate is a device used for measuring flow
rate, for reducing pressure or for restricting flow (in
the latter two cases it is often called a restriction
plate).
• Either a volumetric or mass flow rate may be
determined, depending on the calculation associated
with the orifice plate.
• It uses the same principle as a Venturi nozzle,
namely Bernoulli's principle which states that there
is a relationship between the pressure of the fluid
and the velocity of the fluid.
• When the velocity increases, the pressure decreases
and vice versa
Venturi Tube Diagram
The Venturi Tube
• The smooth design of the Venturi tube means that it
is less sensitive to erosion than the orifice plate, and
thus more suitable for use with dirty gases or liquids.
• The Venturi tube is also less sensitive to upstream
disturbances, and therefore needs shorter lengths of
straight pipework upstream of the meter than the
equivalent orifice plate or nozzle.
• Like the orifice plate and nozzle, the design,
installation, and use of the Venturi tube is covered
by a number of international standards.
Nozzle Diagram
Nozzle Description
• The nozzle combines some of the best features of the
orifice plate and Venturi tube.
• It is compact and yet, because of its curved inlet, has
a discharge coefficient close to unity.
• There are a number of designs of nozzle, but one of
the most commonly used in Europe is the
• ISA-1932 nozzle, while in the U.S., the ASME long
radius nozzle is more popular. Both of these nozzles
are covered by international standards .
Rotameter
• Rotameter consists of a conical transparent vertical
glass tube
• The flow rate is proportional to the height of the bob.
The rotameter is characterized by:
• Simple and robust construction
• High reliability
• Low pressure drop
Advantages PD Meters

 High-quality, high accuracy, a wide range, and

are very reliable, insensitive to inlet flow profile
distortions, low pressure drop across the meter.
Until the introduction of electronic correctors
and flow controls on other types of meters, PD
meters were most widely used in batch loading
and dispensing applications. All mechanical
units can be installed in remote locations .
Disadvantages PD Meters
• Bulky, especially in the larger sizes.
• The fluid must be clean for measurement accuracy
and longevity of the meter.
• More accurate PD meters are quite expensive.
• Have high inertia of the moving parts; a sudden
change in the flow rate can damage the meter.
• Only for limited ranges of pressure and temperature
• Most PD meters require a good maintenance schedule
and are high repair and maintenance meters.
• Recurring costs in maintaining a positive
displacement
• flowmeter can be a significant factor in overall
flowmeter cost.