CONJUGATION OF SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD

I. Present Tense.
The present subjunctive is formed by changing the characteristic vowel of the four conjugations
(remember: “He beat a liar”)
amem amemus doceam doceamus ducam ducamus audiam audiamus
ames ametis doceas doceatis ducas ducatis audias audiatis
amet ament doceat doceant ducat ducant audiat audiant

The passive is formed with normal personal endings (-r, -ris, -tur, -mur, -mini, -ntur).

II. Imperfect Tense.

The imperfect subjunctive is formed simply by adding the personal endings to the present active
infinitive (i.e., the second principal part).
amarem amaremus docerem doceremus ducerem duceremus audirem audiremus
amares amaretis doceres doceretis duceres duceretis audires audiretis
amaret amarent doceret docerent duceret ducerent audiret audirent
The passive is formed with normal personal endings to the present active infinitive (-r, -ris, -tur,
-mur, -mini, -ntur).

III. Perfect Tense.

The perfect subjunctive is formed much like the future perfect indicative, adding these endings to
the perfect stem: -erim, -eris, -erit, -erimus, -eritis, -erint.
amaverim amaverimus docuerim docuerimus duxerim duxerimus audiverim audiverimus
amaveris amaveritis docueris docueritis duxeris duxeritis audiveris audiveritis
amaverit amaverint docuerit ducuerint duxerit duxerint audiverit audiverint

IV. Pluperfect Tense.

The pluperfect subjunctive is formed by adding the personal endings to the perfect infinitive.
amavissem amavissemus docuissem docuissemus duxissem duxissemus audivissem audivissemus
amavisses amavissetis docuisses docuissetis duxisses duxisetis audivisses audivissetis
amavisset amavissent docuisset docuissent duxisset duxissent audivisset audivissent
The passive is formed in the normal fashion by combining the perfect passive participle with the
imperfect subjunctive of esse: amatus essem, doctus essem ductus essem, auditus essem, etc.
V. Subjunctive of Esse.
Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect
sim simus essem essemus erim erimus fuissem fuissemus
sis sitis esses essetis eris eritis fuisses fuissetis
sit sint esset essent erit erint fuisset fuissent