THE CALCULATION OF BEDROOM CERAMIC TILES NEEDS

By :
ANNADIYAH FARAH DIBA
061640111472

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DESIGN OF ROAD AND BRIDGE
STATE POLYTECHNIC SRIWIJAYA
PALEMBANG
2016/2017
 FOREWORD

Praise the author say to the presence of Allah SWT., for His will was the
author of this paper can be completed on time. The intent and purpose of this
paper is to fulfill the tasks of English course and also to increase knowledge
regarding the calculation of required ceramic tiles for the bedroom. In the
progressing of this paper, author realize that this paper is unperfect, both in terms
of content, theory, and systematics writing. Therefore, criticism and constructive
suggestions that can increase this paper value will be expected. Last but not least,
the author hopes that this paper can be useful for us all.

Palembang, October 2016

Author
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD ................................................ ................................................... i

TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................... ...... ii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
Background ........................................................... .......................................... 1
Formulation of the problem ........................................ ..................................... 1
Writing purpose ........................................................ ....................................... 1

CHAPTER II DISCUSSION
2.1. The History and Definition of Ceramic Tiles ................................ .......... 2
2.2. Qualities Ceramic Tiles ............................................. ............................... 2
2.3. Calculation of Ceramic Tiles for Bedroom................................................ 3

CHAPTER III CONCLUSION

3.1. Conclusion................................................. ............................................... 5

REFERENCES
 PART I
PRELIMINARY

1.1. Background
In this modern era, building materials used in building construction
have varied types. Started from materials for roofs, walls, floors, etc. The
diversity of building materials available in the market that make the people
have more choices on selecting and making consideration the amount of
materials to be used according to needs.
Many factors are considered in selecting materials that will be used in
construction of building ranging from the strength, beauty, safety, durability,
until the price that adjusted to the budget. Ceramic tile have a pretty vital
points. Although it looks trivial, tiles play a huge role in the construction of a
room.

1.2. Formulation of the Problem

1. What is the history and definition of ceramic tiles?
2. What is the characteristics of ceramic tiles?
3. How does the calculation requirement for ceramic tiles bedroom?

1.3. Writing purpose

1. To know the history and definition of ceramic tiles.
2. To determine the characteristics of ceramic tiles.
3. To find out how to calculate requirement for ceramic tiles bedroom.
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

2.1. The History and Definition of Ceramic Tiles

Ceramics was originally derived from the Greek (Greece Language)
Keramikos which means a form of clay which has get a process of
combustion. No one knows for sure when the advent of ceramic, because the
history of ceramics in various different parts of the world such as China,
Japan, Egypt, Greece, Korea, Vietnam, India and Indonesia. Wherein the
ceramic-making skills come naturally because of the cultural relations with
other cultures. Versatility makes ceramic can be said to be as old as mankind
knows fire and utilization.
The discovery of techniques to make ceramics or knowledge to know
the clay that hardens after being burned, was discovered accidentally by a
primitive pre-history. Mayer states that most primitive art made of wood,
stone and clay used for religious needs and practical needs (Mayer, 1969).
The history of ceramics diachronic development is a series of events the
manufacture and use of ceramic products takes place continuously from
antiquity until today hotel. The only based on an estimate based on empirical
data and the comparison of the results of the findings of archaeologists,
estimated ceramics made and used began in 15,000 BC fire since humans
know, there is also the opinion in the year 12,000 BC.
Dictionary and Encyclopedia defines ceramics as an art and
technology to produce goods from burnt clay, such as pottery, tile, porcelain,
and so on. Ceramic tiles are thin plates made of loam / clay or other inorganic
materials, typically used to coat the walls and floor.

2.2. The Characteristics of Ceramic Tiles

The characteristics of the ceramic are determined by the crystal
structure, chemical composition and mineral luggage. Therefore, the
characteristics of the ceramic also depends on the geological environment in
 which the material is obtained. General characteristics and easily seen
physically in most types of ceramic is britle or brittle. In general, the ceramic
characteristics include:
1. Hard, strong, but is brittle or easily breakable.
2. Resistant to corrosions.
3. Good heat capacity and low thermal conductivity.
4. The electrical properties can be insulators, semiconductors, conductors and
even superconducting.
5. Can be magnetic and non magnetic.

2.3. Calculation Requirements for Ceramic Tiles Bedroom

Before buying ceramics to be applied on the floor of a house or other
building floor, you have to know the number of tiles you need. Knowing the
needs of the ceramics to cover the floor with a particular area is very useful to
determine the costs to be budgeted for the purchase of these ceramics. Errors
in counting the number of tiles can cause a number of tiles that bought too
much so wasted and wasting the budget. Instead deficiency can restrict the
purchase of ceramic work and the possibility to seek the same additional
ceramic is more difficult.
Here are the steps to calculate the need for ceramic tiles bedroom.
1. Measure the length and width of the floor that will be applied to the
ceramic floor in meters.
2. Calculate the floor area in units of square meters.
3. Calculate the required amount of ceramics in units of square meters of
floor space.
4. Add 5% as a reserve.
For example:
The calculation of required ceramic tiles for the bedroom size of 4 m × 3
m with tile size 30 cm × 30 cm are:
1. Determine floor area
A=l×w
 A=4m×3m
A = 12 m2
2. Calculate the area of ceramic tiles
A=l×w
A = 30 cm × 30 cm
A = 900 cm2
A = 0.09 m2

3. Calculate the tiles

𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎
The number of tiles =
𝑆𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑇𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠
12 𝑚2
The number of tiles =
0,09 𝑚2
The number of tiles = 133.33

≈134 ceramic tiles

4. Add 5% as a reserve
Ceramics Tiles = 134 + (134 × 5%)
Ceramics Tiles = 134 + 6.7
Ceramics Tiles = 140.7
≈141 ceramic tiles

Thus, the number of tiles needed for a bedroom the size of 4 m × 3 m

with tile size 30 cm × 30 cm are as many as 141 pieces.
 CHAPTER III

CONCLUSION

3.1. Conclusion
The tiles are thin plates made of loam / clay or other inorganic
materials, typically used to coat the walls and floor. As one of the vital factors
in the construction of a room, the tiles need calculation is very influential.
With precise calculation will be very helpful in terms of spending
development funds such rooms. Moreover, for the bedroom size 4 m × 3 m
with tile size 30 cm × 30 cm needed as much as 141 pieces.
 REFERENCES

http://ukurandansatuan.com/cara-menghitung-kebutuhan-keramik-lantai.html/
http://mr-goblin48.blogspot.co.id/2010/01/makalah-material-teknik.html
http://www.academia.edu/6370258/Makalah_keramik
https://ruangkumemajangkarya.wordpress.com/2012/02/11/sekilas-sejarah-
perkembangan-keramik-indonesia/