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PAPER-I : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Semester: I Hours: 15
Code : 14MPH1C01 Credits: 8
UNIT 1 : TECHNIQUES FOR RESEARCH
Identification of the problem – determining the mode of attack – literature survey –
reference – awareness of current status of the art - abstraction of a research paper –
possible way of getting oneself abreast of current literature – Qualities of scholar and
guide – presenting a paper in a seminar and submission to the journal – art of writing
thesis. Internet and its applications – web browsing – assessing the status of the
problem – TELNET – FTP.
UNIT 2 : APPLIED MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS AND TRANSFORMS
Confluent hypergeometric equation – hypergeometric equation- various cases integral
representations . Application of Fourier series to periodic function and forced
vibrations. Fourier Transform theory Fourier Transform of a Time Dependent
Function – Some Important Theorems – The Convolution theorem – The Gaussian
Wave Packet in Quantum Mechanics – Three dimensional Fourier transform - Use of
Fourier Transforms in Solving Differential Equations.
UNIT 3 : NON-LINEAR DYNAMICS
Mathematical implications of non linearity – working definition – effects of damped
and driven non-linear oscillators – non-linear oscillations and bifurcation – qualitative
features: classification of equivalent points – limit cycle- dissipative and conservative
system. Some simple cases: Saddle – node, transcritical, Hopf – Discrete dynamical
systems – Non-linear circuits – MLC Circuit.
UNIT 4 : APPLIED GROUP THEORY
Diagonalization of matrix – homomorphism and isomorphism – matrix
representations: Reducible and Irreducible – Formation of character table and
representation for C2v , C3v and C4v group. Generators of continuous groups –
rotations groups SO(2), SO(3) – rotation of function and orbital angular momentum:
SU(2) – SO(3) homomorphism – SU(2) isospin and SU(3) eightfold way .
UNIT 5 : COMPUTER ORIENTED NUMERICAL METHODS
Solution of equations – Simple interactive method – Newton – Raphson method –
Numerical integration – Simpson‟s rule – Runge-Kutta Method - Gaussian quadrature
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- Solution of simultaneous equations – Gauss – Jordon elimination method – Eigen
values and eigen vectors by matrix diagonalisation (Jacobian method)
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Thesis and assignment writing – J.Anderson, B.H.Durston and M.Poole, Wiley
Eastern (1977)
2. Mathematical Physics, AK Ghatak, IC Goyal & SJ Chua Macmillan. Delhi, 2002.
3. Non-linear dynamics: Integrability, Chaos and Pattern – M. Lakshmanan & S.
Rajasekar, Springer Int. Edn. , New York , 2003.
4. Mathematical methods for Physicists – Arfken and Weber, Academic Press, USA,
2001.
5. Computer Oriented Numerical Methods – V.Rajaraman, Prentice – Hill (1985)
6. Introduction to Numerical Methods – P.A.Stark, Macmillan (1970)
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PAPER – II ADVANCED PHYSICS
Semester : I Hours: 15
Code : 14MPH1C02 Credits: 8
UNIT I: Preparation of Thin Films
Thin film preparation: physical methods – thermal evaporation – electron beam
evaporation – sputtering method – chemical method: chemical bath deposition– Spray
pyrolysis– ion plating – Vacuum evaporation – Evaporation theory – The construction
and use of vapour sources – sputtering Methods of sputtering – Reactive sputtering –
RF sputtering – DC planar m magnetron sputtering.
UNIT II: Crystal Optics and Non-Linear and Electro-Optical Effects in Crystals
Double refraction: Optical indicatrix – Effect of crystal symmetry on optical
indicatrix – Wave surface: Uniaxial and Biaxial crystals – Non-Linear Optics:
Harmonic generation – Second Harmonic Generation – Phase matching – Third
Harmonic Generation – Optical Mixing: Sum and difference frequencies – Parametric
generation of light – Self-focusing of intense light beams – Electro-Optic Effect:
Phase retardation – Longitudinal electro-optic modulators: Amplitude modulation –
Phase modulation of light – Transverse electro-optic modulators – Electro-optic beam
deflection.
UNIT III: Nanomaterials and their applications
Properties of metallic and semiconducting Nanoparticles – various physical and
chemical methods of preparation –self assembly and catalysis assisted growth
methods - synthesis of carbon nanostructures and their applications –nanostructured
ferromagnetism–size and dimensionality effects in nanostructures – biological
application of nanomaterials.
UNIT IV: Spectroscopic methods
Spectrophotometer – UV –VIS Near IR, - Basic concepts of FTIR and Raman and its
applications to various materials - NMR and ESR and its applications – Thermal
analysis (TG/DTA, DSC) of different Materials.
X-ray Method
The Bragg Law – X- ray Spectroscopy – Diffraction Directions – Diffraction Methods
– Powder Method – Particle size Calculation – X ray scattering by electrons, atomic
and unit cells.
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UNIT V: Surface analysis techniques
Atomic Collision and Backscattering Spectrometry: – Energy loss of Light Ions and
Backscattering Depth Profiles – Sputter Depth Profile and Secondary Ion Mass
Spectroscopy – Channeling: Basics and its application in Thin Film analysis - X-ray
Photoelectron Spectroscopy – Electron Microprobe analysis of surface – Nonradiative
Transitions and Auger Electron Spectroscopy.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. „Physical Properties of Crystals: Their Representation by Tensors and Matrices‟ by
J.F. Nye, 1985, Oxford University Press, New York.
2. „Lasers and Non-Linear Optics‟ by B.B. Laud, Chapter-13, Wiley Eastern Ltd., 1985,
3. Introduction to Nanotechnology by C.P Pool Jr. and F.J Owens, John Wiley & Sons
4. Nanostructures & Nanomaterials Synthesis, Properties and Applications by
Guozhong Cao ( World Scientific Publishing)
5. Fundamentals of surface and thin film analysis – Leonard C. Feldman and James W.
Mayer
6. A.Goswami, Thin film fundamentals, New age international (P) Ltd., New Delhi,
2006
7. Basic Principles of Spectroscopy – Raymond Chang, McGraw Hill International book
company
8. Elements of x-Ray Diffraction (Second Edition) BD Cullity
9. Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy by Banwell
10. Instrumental analysis by Skoog.
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PAPER – III- OPTIONAL PAPER
Semester : II Hours: 10
Code : 14MPH2E2A Credits: 8
UNIT I: RADIATION GEOMENTRY
Basis earth sun angles – Determination of Solar time – Derived Solar angles – Day
length – Solar Radiation measurements – selective surfaces – Heat balance energy lost
by radiation, convection and conduction – Physical characteristics of selectives
surface – Anti reflection coatings – Solar reflector materials – production methods of
coatings.
UNIT II: FUNDAMENTALS OF HEAT TRANSFER
Transfer of Heat by Conduction: Study heat flow in a slab-steady heat flow in a
cylindrical shell – Heat transfer through fins – Transient heat conduction- Thermal
Radiation: Basic laws of radiation – Radiant heat transfer between two black bodies–
Radiant heat transfer between grey bodies.
Convention heat loss Evaluation of convective heat transfer co-efficient – Free
convection from vertical planes and cylinders – Forced convection – Heat transfer for
fully established flow in tubes.
UNIT III: SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS
General description of plate collector – thermal losses and efficiency of FPC – Energy
balance equation – Evaluation of overall loss coefficient – Thermal analysis of flat
plate collector and useful heat gained by the fluid performance of solar air heaters –
Heating and drying of agricultural products Types of drier in use.
Solar concentrators and Receiver geometries – General characteristics of focusing
collector systems Evaluation of optical losses – Thermal performance of focusing
collectors.
UNIT IV: PHOTOVOLTAICS
Description of the photovoltaic effect – Electrical characteristics calibration and
efficiency measurement – silicon solar energy converters – Thermal generation of
recombination centers silicon.
Role of thin films in solar cells Properties of thin films for solar cells CdSe, Cete, In
P, Ga As, Cd Cu2, Cu In SnO2, Cd2SnO4 ZnO – Transport properties of meal films –
poly crystalline film silicon solar cells (Photovoltaic characteristics, junction analysis
loss mechanisms) Amorpho silicon solar cells (Structural compositional optical and
electrical properties).
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UNIT V: ENERGY STORAGE AND SOLAR APPLICATIONS
Types of energy storage Thermal storage Latent heat storage – Electrical storage
Principle of operation of solar ponds – Non convective solar ponds – Theoretical
analysis of solar pond – so distillation – solar cooking – solar pumping.
BOOKS OF STUDY AND REFERENCE
1. Solar energy utilization GD. Rai, 1996
2. Treatise on solar energy volume I fundamentals of Solar Energy – H.P.Garg, 1982
3. Thermal performances testing of FPC and CPC – GD. Rai
4. Solar cells – Charles E. Backus IEEE Press (1976)
5. Thin film solar cells Kasturi Lal chopra and suhit Ranjan Das (1983)
6. Solar energy Utilization G.D. Rai (1996)
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PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
Semester : II Hours : 10
Code : 14MPH2E2B Credits: 8
UNIT I: FUNDAMENTALS OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
Importance of crystal growth – Classification of crystal growth methods – Basic steps:
Generation, transport and adsorption of growth reactants – Nucleation: Kinds of
nucleation – Classical theory of nucleation: Gibbs Thomson equations for vapour and
solution – Kinetic theory of nucleation – Becker and Doring concept on nucleation
rate – Energy of formation of a spherical nucleus – Statistical theory on nucleation:
Equilibrium concentration of critical nuclei, Free energy of formation.
UNIT II: THEORIES OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
An introductory note to Surface energy theory, Diffusion theory and Adsorption layer
theory– Concepts of Volmer theory, Bravais theory, Kossel theory and Stranski‟s
treatment – Two-dimensional nucleation theory: Free energy of formation, Possible
shapes and Rate of nucleation – Mononuclear, Polynuclear and Birth and Spread
models – Modified Birth and Spread model – Crystal growth by mass transfer
processes: Burton, Cabrera and Frank (BCF) bulk diffusion model, Surface diffusion
growth theory.
UNIT III: EXPERIMENTAL CRYSTAL GROWTH – PART – I: MELT GROWTH TECHNIQUES
Basics of melt growth – Heat and mass transfer – Conservative growth processes:
Bridgman-Stockbarger method – Czochralski pulling method – Kyropolous method –
Nonconservative processes: Zone-refining – Vertical and horizontal float zone
methods – Skull melting method– Vernueil flame fusion method.
UNIT IV: EXPERIMENTAL CRYSTAL GROWTH – PART II: SOLUTION GROWTH TECHNIQUES
Growth from low temperature solutions: Selection of solvents and solubility – Meir‟s
solubility diagram – Saturation and supersaturation – Metastable zone width – Growth
by restricted evaporation of solvent, slow cooling of solution and temperature gradient
methods – Crystal growth in Gel media: Chemical reaction and solubility reduction
methods – Growth from high temperature solutions: Flux growth Principles of flux
method – Choice of flux – Growth by slow evaporation and slow cooling methods –
Hydrothermal growth method.
UNIT V: EXPERIMENTAL CRYSTAL GROWTH – PART III: VAPOUR GROWTH TECHNIQUES
Basic principles – Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD): Vapour phase crystallization in
a closed system – Gas flow crystallization – Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD):
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Advantageous and disadvantageous – Growth by chemical vapour transport reaction:
Transporting agents, Sealed capsule method, Open flow systems – Temperature
variation method: Stationary temperature profile, Linearly time varying temperature
profile and Oscillatory temperature profile.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. „Crystal Growth Processes‟ by J.C.Brice, 1986, John Wiley and Sons, New York
2. „Crystallization‟ by J.W.Mullin, 2004, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, London
3. „Crystal Growth: Principles and Progress‟ by A.W.Vere, 1987, Plenum Press,
New York
4. „Crystals: Growth, Morphology and Perfection‟ by Ichiro Sunagawa, 2005, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge
5. „Crystal Growth‟ by B.R.Pamplin, 1975, Pergamon Press, Oxford.
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PHYSICS OF NANOMATERIALS AND DEVICE
Semester: II Hours : 10
Code : 14MPH2E2C Credits: 8
REFERENCE BOOKS
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PRINCIPLES OF MATERIAL SCIENCE, SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION
Semester: II Hours: 10
Code : 14MPH2E2F Credits: 8
UNIT I : STRUCTURE OF SOLIDS
Types of solid- amorphous and crystalline materials – Crystal structure (SC, BCC, FCC and
HCP)-crystal defects- point defect- Defect chemical reaction-line defects
UNIT II : ADVANCED CERAMICS
Traditional and advanced ceramics- structural ceramics-electronic ceramics-ceramic
processing – calcinations and sintering- Zirconium oxide-Aluminum oxide- Titanium oxide -
properties and application- Cermets and application – bio ceramics and application
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REFERENCE BOOK
1. B.D. Cullity and S.R.Stock „Elements of X-ray Diffraction‟, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 2012.
Mark Ratner and Daniel Ratner, “Nanotechnology – a gentle introduction to new
idea” Prentice Hall, 2004
2. Butterworth-Heinemann and C. R. Brunble. „Encyclopedia of Materials Characterization‟,
oxford press, 2002.
3. David B. Williams „Transmission Electron Microscopy: A Textbook for Materials Science‟ ,
Plenum press, Newyork, 2003
4. Kathryn V.Logan and Zuhair A. Munir,” Advanced Synthesis and Processing of Composites
and Advanced Ceramics II” Amer Ceramic Society, 1997
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THIN FILM TECHNOLOGY
Semester: II Hours: 15
Code : 14 MPH2E2G Credits: 8
Kinetic theory of Gases: Molecular velocities – Pressure – Gas impingement on surfaces- Gas
Transport and Pumping: Gas flow regimes – Conductance - Pumping speed- Vacuum Pumps:
General Considerations – Rotary mechanical pump – Diffusion pump – Cryopumps – Sputter
ion pumps- Vacuum systems: Components and operation – System pumping considerations –
Vacuum leaks – Monitoring the vacuum environment.
Design and Fabrication of Thin film resistor – Thin film capacitor – Thin film diode – Thin
film transistor –– Thin film solar cells -Thin film mask blanks for VLSI – Thin films sensors
for gas detectors- Magnetic sensors- storage device- magnetic thin films for MEMS and
NEMS application
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REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Milton Ohring and Daniel Gall, ―Materials Science of Thin films: Deposition and Structure‖
Academic Press, 3rd Edition.
2. Goswami, ―Thin Film Fundamentals‖ New Age International Ltd., 2003.
3. Krishna Seshan, ―Handbook of Thin-film Deposition Processes and Techniques: Principles,
Methods Equipment and Applications‖ William Andrew Inc., 2002
4 Donald L. Smith, ―Thin-film deposition: principles and practice‖, McGraw-Hill
Professional, 1995.
5. L.I.Maissel and R.Glang, ―Handbook of Thin films technology‖, Mcgraw hill.
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DISSERTATION
Semester : II Credits: 16
Code : 14MPH2R01
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