SYMMETRIC GROUP, KLEIN’S 4-GROUP, CYCLIC GROUPS, COSETS

1. Prove that the order of a subgroup of a finite group divides the order of the
group. OR, State and prove the Lagranges theorem.
[W.B.S.U.2010,C.H.99,01,03,05,08,09,13]
2. Let (G, o) be a finite group and H be a subgroup of G .Prove that order of H
is a factor of the order of G. [W.B.S.U 2014]
3. Prove that every group of prime order is cyclic.
[W.B.S.U 2010,15,C.H.2000,03,05,07,08,11,12,14]
4. Prove that every group of order less than 6 is commutative. [W.B.S.U 2010]
5. Let H be a subgroup of a group G and 𝒂, 𝒃 ∈ 𝑮 .prove that the left cosets
𝒂𝑯 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒃𝑯 are identical if and only if𝒂 𝟏 𝒃 ∈ 𝑯. [W.B.S.U 2010,14,C.H.06]
6. Show that every cyclic group is Abelian .Give an example of a group which is
Abelian but not cyclic. [W.B.S.U 2010,C.H.2000]
7. Correct or justify the statement: Klein’s 4-group is non Abelian,
cyclic group. [C.H.2011]
8. Define a cyclic group.Prove that a group G of order n is cyclic iff there exists
an element of order n in G. [W.B.S.U 2011,14,C.H.09,14]
9. If a and b are two distinct generators of a cyclic group G then prove that ab
is also a generator of G. [W.B.S.U 2011]
10. Show that 𝑨𝟑 the set of all even permutations of {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑} is a cyclic group
with respect to product of permutations .Is it commutative? Answer with
reason. [W.B.S.U 2011]
11. If G be a group and H be a subgroup of G, prove that any two left cosets of
H in G are either identical or they have no common element.
[W.B.S.U 2011]
12. Prove that (𝑸, +) is non-cyclic group .Deduce that the group (𝑹, +) is
non-cyclic [W.B.S.U.2011,C.H.1999]
13. Let G be a finite group of order n and 𝒂 ∈ 𝑮 .Show that n is divisible by the
order of a. [W.B.S.U 2012,C.H.2010]
14. Prove that every subgroup of a cyclic group is cyclic.
[W.B.S.U 2012,16,C.H.99,02,06,10]
15. Let 𝑺𝟑 denote the group of permutations of {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑} .Write all the
subgroups of 𝑺𝟑 . [W.B.S.U 2012]
16. Let G be a group and H be a subgroup of G .Show that any left coset of H
other than H is not a subgroup of G. [W.B.S.U 2012]
17. Let ≡ be an equivalence relation on the set Z of integers given by 𝒂 ≡ 𝒃 if
𝒃 − 𝒂 is divisible by 8.For any 𝒂 ∈ 𝒁 ,let [a] denote its equivalence class
under this equivalence relation .Let + be an operation on 𝒁𝟖 given by
[a]+[b]=[a+b] .Show that 𝒁𝟖 is a finite cyclic group .Write all the generators
of 𝒁𝟖 . [W.B.S.U 2012]
18. Prove that a group of prime order has no non-trival subgroup. [W.B.S.U
2013,C.H.2008]
19. Prove that any two left cosets of H in a group have the same cardinality.
[W.B.S.U 2013,C.H.07,10]
20. Let H be a subgroup of a group G.Then prove that the set of all left cosets of
H in G and the set of all right cosets of H in G have the same cardinality.
[W.B.S.U 2015,C.H.2011]
21. Prove that a cyclic group is always Abelian .Is the converse true? Justify
your answer.Also give an example of an infinite cyclic group, mentioning all
its generators. [W.B.S.U 2013,C.H.2009]
22. Let H be a subgroup of G and𝒂, 𝒃 ∈ 𝑮. Show that either 𝒂𝑯 ∩ 𝒃𝑯 = 𝝋 or
𝒂𝑯 = 𝒃𝑯 . [W.B.S.U 2013,C.H.07]
23. H is a subgroup of a group G and 𝒂, 𝒃 ∈ 𝑮 ,prove that
𝒂𝑯 ∩ 𝒃𝑯 = 𝝋 ≤=≥ 𝒃 ∉ 𝒂𝑯 . [C.H.2011]
24. Let 𝑨𝟑 denote the group of even permutations of {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑} .What is the
order of 𝑨𝟑 ? Show that 𝑨𝟑 is a cyclic group .Write all the generators of𝑨𝟑 .
[W.B.S.U 2013,C.H. 2004,08,11]
25. Show that 𝑨𝟑 the set of all even permutations of {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑} is a cyclic group
with respect to product of permutations .Is it commutative? Answer with
reason. [W.B.S.U 2015]
26. Prove that every proper subgroup of a group of order 6 is cyclic.
[W.B.S.U 2014]
27. Prove that every proper subgroup of the symmetric group 𝑺𝟑 is cyclic.
[C.H.05,07]
28. Give an example of a finite group which is not cyclic but whose all proper
subgroups are cyclic. Justify your answer. [C.H.2003,2005]
29. Let 𝑺𝟑 denotes the group of permutations of {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑} .Show that 𝑺𝟑 is not a
commutative group. Give example of a cyclic subgroup of order 3 of 𝑺𝟑 ,
say H and write all the cosets of H in 𝑺𝟑 . [W.B.S.U 2014]
30. If (G, o) be an infinite cyclic group generated by a then prove that 𝒂 and 𝒂 𝟏
are the only generators of the group. [W.B.S.U 2015,C.H.2010,2013]
31. Show that if two right cosets Ha and Hb be distinct then two left cosets
𝒂 𝟏 𝑯 and 𝒃 𝟏 𝑯 are distinct. [W.B.S.U 2015]
32. If H and K be two subgroups of a group G then the product HK is a subgroup
of G if HK=KH. [W.B.S.U 2016]
33. Show that all roots of the equation 𝒙 = 𝟏 form a cyclic group of order 6
𝟔

under usual multiplication of complex numbers. [W.B.S.U 2016]

34. Let n be a positive integer and let S be the set of n th roots of unity .Show
that (𝑺, . ) is a cyclic group.Find all possible generators.
35. Let 𝑺 = {𝒛 ∈ 𝑪: 𝒛𝒏 = 𝟏} where C is the set of all complex numbers .Show
that S is a cyclic group with respect to usual multiplication in C .Find all
possible generators. [C.H.2006]
36. List all subgroup of a cyclic group of order 60. [W.B.S.U 2016]
37. Let G be an Abelian group of order 6 containing an element of order 3,
prove that G is a cyclic group.
38. If G is a finite group then for any 𝒂 ∈ 𝑮 prove that𝒂𝒐(𝑮) = 𝒆. [W.B.S.U
2016]
39. In the symmetric group 𝑺𝟑 show that the subsets 𝑨 = {𝒆, (𝟏 𝟐)},
𝑩 = {𝒆, (𝟏 𝟐 𝟑) , (1 3 2)} are subgroups. Use Lagrange’s theorem to show
that 𝑨 ∪ 𝑩 is not a subgroup of 𝑺𝟑 . [W.B.S.U 2016]
40. In the symmetric group 𝑺𝟑 , find two subgroups A and B such that 𝑨 ∪ 𝑩 is
not a subgroup of𝑺𝟑 . [C.H.2001]
41. If 𝒈 is a generator of a cyclic group .Show that 𝒈 is also a generator of
𝟏

it.What are the generator of (𝒁, +) ? [C.H.2004]

42. A cyclic group of finite order n has only one subgroup of order d for every
positive divisor d of n. [C.H.2013]
43. Find all subgroups of the group (𝒁, +)
44. Determine all distinct left cosets of 𝑨𝟑 in 𝑺𝟑 . [C.H.2009]
45. State Lagrange’s theorem on finite groups, Hence show that if p is a prime
and a is a positive integer such that p is not a divisor of a then
𝒂𝒑 𝟏 ≡ 𝟏(𝒎𝒐𝒅 𝒑) . [C.H.2009]
46. Prove that a non-commutative group of order 2n, where n is an odd prime,
must have a subgroup of order n.
47. Prove that a non-commutative group of order 10 must have a subgroup of
order 5. [C.H.2012]
48. If 𝒙 = (𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒) then show that {𝒙, 𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙𝟑 , 𝒙𝟒 } forms a cyclic group
.[C.H.2010]
49. Suppose G is a cyclic group of order 7 and a is a generator of it .Determine
all generators of G. [C.H.2009]
50. State Lagrange’s theorem and establish that the converse of Lagrange’s
theorem is not true. [C.H.2014]