Detailed Lesson Plan in Factoring Sums and Differences of Two Cubes

I. Objectives

At the end of 60 minutes discussion the students will able to the following with at least 80% level
of accuracy:

a. familiarize oneself in getting the cube root of a term;

b. factor sums and differences of two cubes and
c. formulate their own problem in factoring the sums and differences of two cubes.

II. Subject Matter

Topic: “Factoring Sums and Differences of Two Cubes”
Reference: Elementary Algebra by Julieta G. Bernabe pp. 209-210
Materials: Visual Aids, chalk and blackboard

III. Instructional Procedure

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

A. Daily Routine
1. Prayer
All stand for our opening prayer. In the name of the Father…. Amen
2. Greetings
Good morning, class!
3. Checking of Attendance Good morning Sir!
Is there any absent from the class
today?
Very Good! That’s great. Everybody is present today.

B. Drill
Give the cube of the following number:
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,
14, 15.
1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 343, 512, 729, 1000,
Very Good! 1331, 1728, 2197, 2744, 3375.

C. Review
Last meeting we discussed about
Quadratic Trinomials, again what is a
quadratic trinomial?

How do you factor quadratic trinomial? A Quadratic trinomial is a product of two

binomials whose degree is 2.

In factoring quadratic trinomials, the first

terms of two binomials are the square roots of
first of a quadratic trinomial. The second
terms are the products of the third term of a
Very Good! quadratic trinomial and also the addends of
Any question? the second term of quadratic trinomial.
 D. Motivation

Can we get the product of (a + b) (a2 -

ab + b2)?
What are we going to do if we will get its
product? Yes, Sir!

We will multiply the first term of a binomial to

each term in the trinomial, and then multiply
Very Good! the second term also to each term in the
Write your answer on the board. trinomial.

(a + b) (a2 - ab + b2)
Correct! = a3 - a2b + ab2 + a2b - ab2 + b3
How about this problem, (a - b) (a2 +ab = a3 + b3
+ b2)?

(a - b) (a2 + ab + b2)
Very Good! = a3 + a2b + ab2 - a2b + ab2 + b3
What is the difference between the = a 3 - b3
given examples?

In the first example, the second term of a

binomial has positive sign and the second
term of a trinomial has negative sign, while in
the second given example was just the
reverse of the signs of the first example. The
sign of the first example is positive while the
What do you call the result of the first sign of the second example is negative.
example?
The result of first given example is the sum of
What do you call the result of the two cubes.
second given example?
The result of second given example is the
Do you have any idea of what will be our difference of two cubes.
topic today?

Very Good!
I think our topic today is about the sum and
E. Presentation difference of two cubes.
Our topic is about factoring the sum and
difference of two cubes.

Factoring Sum and Difference of Two Cubes

In algebra class, the teacher would always

discuss the topic of sum of two cubes and
difference of two cubes side by side. The
reason is that they are similar in structure. The
key is to "memorize" or remember the patterns
involved in the formulas.

 Case 1: The polynomial in the

form is called sum of two cubes
because two cubic terms are
being added together.

 Case 2: The polynomial in the

form is called difference of two
cubes because two cubic terms are
being subtracted.

So here are the formulas that summarize how

to factor the sum and difference of two cubes.
Study them carefully using the following
diagrams.

Case 1: Sum of Two Case 2: Difference

Cubes of Two Cubes

Observations: Observations:

 For the "sum"  For the

case, the "difference"
binomial case, the
factor on the binomial
right side of factor on the
the equation right side of
has a middle the equation
sign that has a middle
is positive. sign that
is negative.
 In addition to
the "sum"  In addition to
case, the the
middle sign of "difference"
the trinomial case, the
factor will middle sign of
always be the trinomial
opposite the factor will
middle sign of always be
 the given opposite the
problem. middle sign of
Therefore, it the given
is negative. problem.
Therefore, it
is positive.

Let's go over some examples and see how

the rules are applied.

Example 1: Factor
Currently the problem is not written in the
form that we want. Each term must be
written as cube, that is, an expression
raised to a power of 3. The term with
variable x is okay but the 27 should be
taken care of. Obviously we know that 27 =
(3)(3)(3) = 33.
Rewrite the original problem as sum of two
cubes, and then simplify. Since this is the
"sum" case, the binomial factor and
trinomial factor will have positive and
negative middle signs, respectively.

Example 2: Factor

This is a case of difference of two cubes since the

number 8 can be written as a cube of a number, where
8 = (2)(2)(2) = 23.
Apply the rule for difference of two cubes, and simplify.
Since this is the "difference" case, the binomial factor
and trinomial factor will have negative and positive
middle signs, respectively.

Y^3-8=(y-2)(y^2+2y+4)

IV. Evaluation
Factor each completely

1) x 3 + 125

2) a 3 + 64

3) x 3 − 64

4) u 3 + 8

5) x 3 − 27

6) 125 − x 3

7) 1 − a 3

8) a 3 + 125

9) x 3 + 27

10) x 3 + 1

V. Assignment

Factoring the Sum or Difference of Cubes Factor each completely.

1) x 3 + 8

2) a 3 + 64

3) a 3 + 216

4) 27 + 8x 3

5) a 3 − 216

6) 64x 3 − 27

7) 27m 3 − 125

8) x 3 − 64

9) 432 + 250m 3

10) 81x 3 + 192