LEADERSHIP PROJECT

BY: KARAN NEWATIA

R.NO: 21

CAR POOLING
Aim is to make people aware about the benefits of sharing and
car pooling. The people are not aware or are partly aware
about the various benefits of Car pooling, slugging, & hitching.
I stay at Thane from there I travel down to my college at
Goregaon. I use the roadways to commute as station is too far
from my place.
From the journey I have learnt many things good and bad. How
different people have varying opinion about their view on car
pooling system.
I would hence like to first make some concepts related to car
pooling understand in depth.
This is an attempt to make people mutually understand how car
pooling is beneficial to both the parties involved in the process.
Followed with my part of contribution to the same.

CAR POOLING
Description

Carpooling reduces the costs involved in car travel by sharing

journey expenses such as fuel, tolls, and car rental between the
people travelling. Carpooling is also seen as a more
environmentally friendly and sustainable way to travel as
sharing journeys reduces carbon emissions, traffic on the
roads, and the need for parking spaces. Authorities often
encourage carpooling, especially during high pollution periods
and after fuel rises. Carpooling where the driving is shared can
also decrease driving stress as each driver gets a break from
being at the wheel.

Carpooling uses private or jointly hired vehicles, for private

shared journeys. The vehicle is not used in a general public
transport capacity such as in car sharing, share taxis or
taxicabs. Carpooling also differs from other sharing schemes
such as where company/government or private vehicles are
used by several people at different times.

How it works

Drivers and passengers offer and search for journeys through

one of the several mediums available. After finding a match
they contact each other to arrange any details for the
journey(s). Costs, meeting points and other details like space
for luggage are discussed and agreed on. They then meet and
carry out their shared car journey(s) as planned.

Carpooling is commonly implemented for commuting but is also

popular for longer one-off journeys, with the formality and
regularity of arrangements varying between schemes and
journeys.
Carpooling is not always arranged for the whole length of a
journey. Especially on long journeys, it is common for
passengers to only join for parts of the journey, and give a
contribution based on the distance that they travel. This gives
carpooling extra flexibility, and enables more people to share
journeys and save money.

The arrangements for carpooling can be made through many

different mediums, including:

• Public websites
• Closed website schemes
• Carpooling software
• Manned carpooling agencies
• Pick-up points (not pre-arranged)

Initiatives

In an effort to reduce traffic and encourage car pooling some

countries have introduced high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes
in which only vehicles with one or more passengers are allowed
to drive. In some countries it is also common to find parking
spaces that are reserved especially for car poolers. Many
companies and local authorities have introduced carpooling
schemes, often as part of wider transport programs.

History

Carpooling schemes have been around since the mid-1970s,

but have reached new levels since the arrival of the internet.
The popularity of the internet and mobile phones has greatly
helped carpooling to expand, by enabling people to offer and
find rides more easily, and easily contact each other to arrange
them.
Forms of carpooling

Carpooling also exists in other forms such as Slugging which is

a form of ad-hoc carpooling between strangers. No money
changes hands, but a mutual benefit still exists between the
driver and passenger(s) making the practice worthwhile.

Challenges for carpooling

Carpooling can struggle to be flexible enough to accommodate

en-route stops or changes to working times/patterns. To
counter this some schemes offer 'sweeper services' with later
running options, or a 'guaranteed ride home' arrangement with
a local taxi company. Another problem for carpooling is the
reliability of the informal arrangements made between the
parties involved. Due to the lack of formality, occasionally
passengers or drivers do not turn up for the journeys that they
have arranged, wasting the time of and increasing the costs for
others involved. Several internet carpooling schemes are
addressing this problem by introducing booking systems,
enabling payments to be made even if passengers do not turn
up, and blocks to be more easily put in place if drivers are
found to be unreliable.
Hitchhiking

Hitchhiking in low-populated areas

Winter hitchhiking in Russia

Hitchhiking (also known as thumbing, tramping, hitching,

auto stop or thumbing up a ride) is a means of transportation
that is gained by asking people, usually strangers, for a ride in
their automobile or other road vehicle to travel a distance that
may either be short or long. The latter may require many rides
from different people; a ride is usually but not always free. If
one wishes to indicate that they need a ride, they must simply
make a hand gesture. In North America, the gesture is to stick
one of their thumbs upward. In other parts of the world, it's
more common to use a gesture where the index finger is
pointed at the road. This cultural difference stems partly from
an alternate offensive meaning for the thumbs up gesture in
parts of Europe and Asia.

Legal status

These two signs are used in the United States to prohibit

hitchhiking.

Hitchhiking is a historically common practice worldwide, and

hence there are very few places in the world where laws exist
to restrict it. However, a minority of countries have laws that
restrict hitchhiking at certain locations.[1] In the United States,
for example, some local governments have laws to outlaw
hitchhiking, with safety being the primary concern. In 1946,
New Jersey arrested and imprisoned a hitchhiker leading to
intervention by ACLU.[2] In Canada, several highways have
restrictions on hitchhiking, particularly in British Columbia and
the 400-series highways in Ontario. In all countries in Europe it
is legal to hitchhike, and in some places even encouraged.
However it is illegal to hitchhike where pedestrians are banned,
such as motorways (United Kingdom), Interstates (United
States), or the Autobahn (Germany).

Signalling method

A typical hitchhiker's gesture.

The hitchhiker's method of signalling to drivers differs around

the world. In the U.S. and UK, one would point one's thumb up,
while in some places in South America one displays to an
oncoming car the back of one's hand with the index finger
pointing up. In India, the hand is waved with the palm facing
downwards (or the U.S./UK way).Israel, the hitchhiking signal is
to hold one's fist out with the index finger pointing towards the
road.

A hitchhiker may also hold a sign displaying their destination

and/or the languages spoken. A more recent method is to go to
websites and arrange lifts beforehand, without soliciting directly
from the road. This way of transport is a modern way of
ridesharing/carpooling. To increase the success rate,
hitchhikers sometimes smile to show that they are friendly. Also
waving some money can be used in desperate situations to
demonstrate that you are willing to pay for the ride. Made
popular by the 1932 film It Happened One Night female
hitchhikers have found success in signalling cars with the
exposure of a leg like Claudette Colbert had in the movie.

Often nothing more than communication and entertainment of

the driver is given or performed in exchange for the lift, but in
some places, such as parts of central Asia, hitchhikers in cargo
trucks, especially foreigners, are expected to pay for the ride,
usually some portion of the usual bus fare for the trip.

In some areas of America, hitchhiking is also done by pointing

down at the street in front of you, specifically in some inner
cities.

Sport and leisure

Hitchhiking in New Zealand, 2006

For many, hitchhiking is a great adventure and challenge. Each

year hundreds of students from the U.K. take part in a
sponsored hitch to Morocco or Prague in aid of Link Community
Development; in 2007, 782 people hitched the 1,600 miles to
Morocco and raised almost £340,000 to improve the quality of
education in Africa. Other UK students partake in "Jailbreak"
where a group of students hold a competition, usually in the
summer holidays/vacation, to see who can get farthest from
their university without spending any money on travel (whether
money can be spent on food/shelter is up to the participants to
decide). Warwick University in particular operates jailbreak to
great success - in 2009 the winning team travelled to Tenerife
in just 36 hours.

Despite this continued interest in hitchhiking, it is widely

accepted that the practice has declined in developed countries
since the 1970s, perhaps because of a small number of high-
profile cases in which hitchhikers have been killed, and
negative media images of hitchhikers as themselves a source
of threat. Reasons for hitch hiking’s decline, and possible
means of reviving it in safer and more organised forms, are
discussed by Graeme Chester’s and David Smith in one of the
very few academic discussions of hitchhiking, The Neglected
Art of Hitch-hiking.

A hitchhiker is also a type of letterbox, which is part of an

outdoor hobby known as letterboxing. In this hobby, the
hitchhiker (a stamp and a logbook) are discovered in a letterbox
by a letter boxer, and are removed, to be placed in another
letterbox elsewhere.

Hitchhiking in popular culture

The characters portrayed by Claudette Colbert and Clark Gable
attempt to hitchhike in It Happened One Night.

Shared transport

Shared transport is a term for describing a demand-driven

vehicle-sharing arrangement, in which travellers share a vehicle
either simultaneously (e.g. ride-sharing) or over time (e.g. car
sharing or bike sharing), and in the process share the cost of
the journey, thereby creating a hybrid between private vehicle
use (albeit on public roads) and mass or public transport.

Shared transport systems include car sharing (also called car

clubs in the UK), bicycle sharing (also known as Public Bicycle
Systems), carpools and vanpools (aka ride-sharing or lift-
sharing), dynamic ridesharing, slugging, casual carpooling,
community buses and vans, demand responsive transit (DRT),
par transit, a range of taxi projects and even hitchhiking and its
numerous variants.

Shared Transport is taking on increasing importance as a key

strategy for reducing greenhouse gas and other emissions from
the transport sector in the face of the global climate emergency.

Slugging

Slugging, also known as casual carpooling, is the practice of

forming ad hoc, informal carpools for purposes of commuting,
essentially a variation of ride-share commuting and hitchhiking.
While the practice is most common and most publicized in the
congested Washington, D.C. area (where it is primarily used by
commuters who live in Northern Virginia), slugging is also used
in San Francisco, Pittsburgh, and other U.S. cities. Sluggers
gather at local businesses and at government-run locations,
albeit not always with official sanction.

Background
In order to relieve traffic volume during the morning and
evening rush hours, high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes were
built in many major cities to encourage carpooling and greater
use of public transport. This put at a disadvantage car drivers
who were unable to switch travel modes, join formal ride-
sharing schemes, or informally ride-share with acquaintances,
friends, or family.

These circumstances led to the creation of "slugging", a form of

hitchhiking between strangers that is beneficial to both parties:
drivers are able to use the HOV lane for a quicker trip, and
passengers are able to travel for free (or cheaper than via other
modes of travel). Ride sharing occurs ad hoc, with no need for
arrangements beforehand.

David D. Friedman's The Machinery of Freedom proposed a

similar system (which he referred to as "jitney transit") in the
1970s. However, his plan assumed that passengers would be
expected to pay for their transit, and that security measures
such as electronic identification cards (recording the identity of
both driver and passenger in a database readily available to
police, in the event one or both parties disappeared) would be
needed in order for people to feel safe.

Origin of the term

The term slug (used as both a noun and a verb) came from bus
drivers who had to determine if there were genuine passengers
at their stop or just people wanting a free lift, in the same way
that they look out for fake coins—or "slugs"—being thrown into
the fare-collection box.
Vanpool
This article is about a transit system. For the Japanese media
developer, see Vanpool (company).

Vanpools are an element of the transit system that allow

groups of people to share the ride similar to a carpool, but on a
larger scale with concurrent savings in fuel and vehicle
operating costs. Vanpools are the most cost effective mode of
public transportation in the United States and the only mode
more cost effective than bus.

Vehicles may be provided by individuals, individuals in

cooperation with various public and private support programs,
through a program operated by or on behalf of an element of
government, or a program operated by or on behalf of an
employer.
The key concept is that people share the ride from home or one
or more common meeting locations and travel together to a
common destination or work centre.

Additional benefits include:

• Speed: The van can use the HOV (High Occupancy

Vehicle) lanes because normally more than 2-3 people
ride.
• Fixed schedule (makes life more predictable).
• Saving the cost of gasoline (in some cases, it is part of the
program).
• Riders often can have significant reductions in the cost of
personal automobile insurance (insurance for the ride
share component is usually provided as part of the
vanpool program).

In many cases, an employer may elect to subsidize the cost of

the vanpool and the vehicles' maintenance. In some cases, the
vehicles are provided and maintained by the municipality; in
others in partnership with or by a third-party provider. For
example, UCLA operates an extensive network of vans, in
which faculty, staff and students are eligible for discounted
rates, although anyone commuting to the Westwood area is
allowed to participate, with drivers receiving the highest
discounts. The vans are centrally maintained, fueled, and
cleaned.
MY PART
On my behalf as shortly I have started using my car to
commute on daily basis I make an attempt to help people.
This has helped me to gain advantages:
I am able to help priory to those who are in need like the elderly
persons, disabled, ladies with kids, and even small school
going children.
I would honestly agree to the fact that I’m even taking a
nominal contribution in paid form from the passengers towards
their journey.
I’ve started my activity promotion through word of mouth but
would take it further as time passes by.
I’m even involving my friends for this social cause who would
like to willing are a part of the same.
I hope my contribution to boost this social cause would help the
society in a constructive way modifying their views to this very
required and a need of hour practise to gain impetus.
I’m making a pamphlet distribution giving people the following
details.
 WELCOME RIDE
VEHICLE NO: MH 04 AY 8998
MODEL: HYUNDAI I20 (Silver)
CELL NO: 9820223180
DESTINATON: THANE TO GOREGAON
ROUTE: MANPADA to Goregaon East Station, via Ghodbunber
road by Western Express Highway.

Thank You