Coordinates: 17.366°N 78.

475°E

Telangana
Telangana (/tɛlənˈɡɑːnə/ ( listen)) is a state in the south of India. It is situated on the
centre-south stretch of the Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau. It is the twelfth
Telangana
largest state and the twelfth-most populated state in India with a geographical area of State
112,077 km2 (43,273 sq mi) and 35,193,978 residents as per 2011 census.[8] On 2 June
2014, the area was separated from the northwestern part of Andhra Pradesh as the newly
formed 29th state with Hyderabad as its historic permanent capital. Its other major cities
include Warangal, Nizamabad, Khammam and Karimnagar. Telangana is bordered by the
states of Maharashtra to the north, Chhattisgarh to the east, Karnataka to the west, and
Andhra Pradesh to the east and south.[9] The terrain of Telangana region consists mostly
of hills, mountain ranges, and thick dense forests distribution of 27,292 sq. km. As of
2018, the state of Telangana is divided into 31 districts.

Throughout antiquity and the Middle Ages, the region now known as Telangana was
ruled by multiple major Indian powers such as the Mauryans, Satavahanas, Chalukyas,
Kakatiyas, Delhi Sultanate, Bahmani Sultanate, Golconda Sultanate. During the 16th and
17th centuries, the region was ruled by the Mughals.[10][11] The region is known for its
Ganga-Jamuni Tehzeeb. During the 18th century and the British Raj, Telangana was
ruled by the Nizam of Hyderabad.[12] In 1823, the Nizams lost control over Northern
Circars (Coastal Andhra) and Ceded Districts (Rayalseema), which were handed over to
the East India Company. The annexation by the British of the Northern Circars deprived
Hyderabad State, the Nizam's dominion, of the considerable coastline it formerly had, to
that of a landlocked princely state with territories in Central Deccan, bounded on all sides
by British India. Thereafter, the Northern Circars were governed as part of Madras
Presidency until India's independence in 1947, after which the presidency became India's
Madras state.[13]

The Hyderabad state joined the Union of India in 1948 after an Indian military invasion.
In 1956, the Hyderabad State was dissolved as part of the linguistic reorganisation of
states and Telangana was merged with the Telugu-speaking Andhra State (part of the Montage of Telangana sidewise from
Madras Presidency during the British Raj) to form Andhra Pradesh. A peasant-driven left: Charminar, Warangal Fort,
Hyderabad city, Nizamabad Railway
movement began to advocate for separation from Andhra Pradesh starting in the early
Station, Kuntala Waterfalls, Falaknuma
1950s, and continued until Telangana was awarded separate statehood on 2 June Palace
2014.[14]

The economy of Telangana is the eighth-largest state economy in India with

₹8.43 lakh crore (US$120 billion) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of
₹181,000 (US$2,500).[2][3] The state has emerged as a major focus for robust IT
software, industry and services sector. The state is also the main administrative centre to
Emblem
a large number of Indian defence aero-space and research labs like Bharat Dynamics
Limited, Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, Defence Research and Anthem: "Jaya Jaya He Telangana
Development Organisation and Defence Research and Development Laboratory.[15] Janani Jayakethanam"

The cultural hearts of Telangana, Hyderabad and Warangal, are noted for their wealth and
renowned historical structures – Charminar, Qutb Shahi Tombs, Paigah Tombs,
Falaknuma Palace, Chowmahalla Palace, Warangal Fort, Kakatiya Kala Thoranam,
Thousand Pillar Temple and the Bhongir Fort in Yadadri Bhuvanagiri district. The
historic city Golconda during the Kakatiya reign was once known for the mines that have
produced some of the world's most famous gems, including the Koh-i-Noor, Hope
Diamond, Daria-i-Noor, Regent Diamond, Nassak Diamond and Noor-ul-Ain. Religious
edifices like the Lakshmi Narasimha Temple in Yadadri Bhuvanagiri district, Makkah
Masjid in Hyderabad, and Medak Cathedral are several of its most famous places of
worship.

Contents
Etymology
History
Early history
Kakatiya Dynasty
Qutb Shahi and Asaf Jahi's
Post-independence
Telangana Rebellion
States Reorganisation Commission
Location of Telangana in India
Telangana movement
Coordinates (Telangana): 17.366°N
Formation of Telangana state in 2014
78.475°E
Geography
Climate
Country India
Ecology Formation 2 June 2014
National Parks and Sanctuaries
Capital and Hyderabad†
Administrative divisions largest city
Government and politics Districts 31
Demographics and Language Government
Economy • Body Government of
Agriculture Telangana
Industries • Governor E. S. L.
Narasimhan
Tourism
• Chief minister K. Chandrashekar
Awards
Rao (TRS)
Infrastructure • Legislature Bicameral (119 +
Power 43 seats)
Irrigation Projects • Lok Sabha 17
Transport constituencies
Roadways • High Court Telangana High
Railways Court
Airports Area[1]
Major Cities • Total 112,077 km2
(43,273 sq mi)
Major Towns
Area rank 12th
Culture
Monuments Population (2011)[1]
Religious destinations • Total 35,193,978
Telugu cinema • Rank 12th
Waterfalls • Density 307/km2
(800/sq mi)
Education
Sports
Demonym(s) Telanganite

See also GDP (2018–19)[2][3]

References
• Total ₹8.43 lakh crore
(US$120 billion)
Further reading • Per capita ₹181,034
External links (US$2,500)
Time zone UTC+05:30 (IST)
ISO 3166 code IN-TG
Etymology Vehicle TS-
registration
HDI (2015) 0.651[4]
A popular etymology derives the word "Telangana" from Trilinga desa ("land of three medium · 16th
lingas"), a region so called because three important Shaivite shrines were located here: Literacy (2011) 66.46%
Kaleshwaram, Srisailam and Draksharama.[16] According to Jayadhir Thirumala Rao, a Official language Telugu
former director of Andhra Pradesh Oriental Manuscripts Library and Research Centre, Second official Urdu[5][6]
the name Telangana is of Gondi origin. Rao asserts that it is derived from "Telangadh", Website www.telangana
which according to him, means "south" in Gondi and has been referred to in "Gond script .gov.in
dating back to about 2000 years".[17] ^† Temporary Joint Capital with Andhra Pradesh not
more than 10 years
One of the earliest uses of a word similar to Telangana can also be seen in a name of ††Common for Telangana and Andhra Pradesh
Malik Maqbul (14th century CE), who was called the Tilangani, which implies that he
Symbols of Telangana
was from Tilangana. He was the commander of theWarangal Fort (Kataka Pāludu).[18]
Emblem Kakatiya Kala
A 16th-century travel writer, Firishta, recorded in his book: Thoranam,
Charminar
During the just reign of Ibrahim Kootb Shah, Tulingana, like Egypt,
Language Telugu &
Urdu
became the mart of the whole world. Merchants from Toorkistan, Arabia
and Persia resorted to it; and they met with such encouragement that they
found in it inducements to return frequently. The greatest luxuries from Song Jaya Jaya He
foreign parts daily abounded at the king's hospitable [19]
board. Telangana Janani
Jayakethanam[7]
Animal Spotted
The word "Telinga" changed over time to "Telangana" and the name "Telangana" was deer[7]
designated to distinguish the predominantly Telugu-speaking region of the erstwhile Bird Indian
Hyderabad State from its predominantly Marathi-speaking one, Marathwada. After Asaf Roller[7]
Jahis ceded the Seemandhra region to the British, the rest of the Telugu region retained Flower Senna
the name Telingana and the other parts were called Madras Presidency's Circars and
Ceded.[20] auriculata[7]
Fruit Mango

History Tree Prosopis

Telangana was governed by many rulers, including the Maurya Empire(320 BCE to 180
BCE), Satavahana dynasty (180 BCE to 220 CE), Vakataka dynasty (250CE - 500CE), cineraria[7]
Chalukya dynasty (543CE - 753CE), Rashtrakuta dynasty ( 753CE - 982CE), the River Godavari,
Kakatiya Dynasty (1083CE –1323CE), the Musunuri Nayaks (1326–1356) the Delhi Krishna
River,
Sultanate, the Bahmani Sultanate (1347–1512), Vijayanagara Empire (1336–1646), Qutb
Manjira River and
Shahi dynasty (1512–1687), Mughal Empire (1687–1724) and Asaf Jahi Dynasty (1724– Musi River
1948). Sport Kabaddi

Early history
The Satavahana dynasty (230 BCE to 220 CE) became the dominant power in this region. It originated from the lands between the Godavari
and Krishna rivers and was based at Amaravathi and Dharanikota.[21] After the decline of the Satavahanas, various dynasties, such as the
Vakataka, Vishnukundina, Chalukya, Rashtrakuta and Western Chalukya, ruled the area.[22]

Kakatiya Dynasty
The Telangana area experienced its golden age during the reign of the Kakatiya dynasty, which ruled most parts of the present-day Andhra
Pradesh and Telangana from 1083 to 1323 CE.[22] Rudrama Devi and Prataparudra II were prominent rulers from the Kakatiya dynasty. The
dynasty weakened with the attack of Malik Kafur in 1309 and was dissolved after the defeat of Prataparudra by the forces of Muhammad bin
Tughluq in 1323.[23][24]

Qutb Shahi and Asaf Jahi's

The area came under the rule of the Delhi Sultanate in the 14th century, followed by the
Bahmani Sultanate. Quli Qutb Mulk, a governor of Golkonda, revolted against the Bahmani
Sultanate and established the Qutb Shahi dynasty in 1518. On 21 September 1687, the
Golkonda Sultanate came under the rule of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb after a year-long
siege of the Golkonda fort.[25]

In 1712, Qamar-ud-din Khan was appointed by emperor Farrukhsiyar as the viceroy of Deccan
with the title Nizam-ul-Mulk (meaning "Administrator of the Realm"). He was later recalled to
Delhi, with Mubariz Khan appointed as the viceroy. In 1724, Qamar-ud-din Khan defeated
Mubariz Khan to reclaim the Deccan suba, establishing it as an autonomous province of the Ramagiri Fort ruins at Kalvacherla in
Mughal empire. He took the name Asif Jah, starting what came to be known as the Asif Jahi Karimnagar district is an ancient fort
initially built by the Sathavahanas
dynasty.[22] He named the area Hyderabad Deccan. Subsequent rulers retained the title Nizam
and modified many times by other
ul-Mulk and were called Asif Jahi Nizams or nizams of Hyderabad. The Medak and Warangal
dynasties till 16th century.
divisions of Telangana were part of their realm.[26]

When Asif Jah I died in 1748, there was political unrest due to contention for the throne among
his sons, who were aided by opportunistic neighbouring states and colonial foreign forces. In
1769, Hyderabad city became the formal capital of the Nizams. The Nizam Nasir-ud-dawlah,
Asaf Jah IV signed the Subsidiary Alliance with the British in 1799 and lost its control over the
state's defence and foreign affairs. Hyderabad State became a princely state among the
presidencies and provinces of British India.[26]

Post-independence Kota Gullu, temple ruins built in the

12th century by Kakatiyas at
When India became independentfrom the British Empire in 1947, theNizam of Hyderabad did
Ghanpur, Mulug in Warangal district.
not want to merge with the Indian Union and wanted to remain independent. The Government
of India annexed Hyderabad State on 17 September 1948 after a military operation called
Operation Polo.[22] It appointed a civil servant, M. K. Vellodi, as first chief minister of
Hyderabad State on 26 January 1950.[27] He administered the state with the help of English-
educated bureaucrats from the Madras and Bombay states, who were familiar with British
systems of administration unlike the bureaucrats of Hyderabad State who used a completely
different administrative system. The official language of the state was switched from Urdu to
English.

In 1952, Dr. Burgula Ramakrishna Rao was elected chief minister of the Hyderabad State in its Golkonda Fort

first democratic election. During this time, there were violent agitations by some Telanganites
to send the Madras state bureaucrats back and implement a rule by the natives (mulkis) of
Hyderabad (Syed alam sharjil) was elected chief minister of Hyderabad after (Dr Burgula Ramakrishana Rao) for one year after he resign from
the post.[28]

Telangana Rebellion
The Telangana Rebellion was a peasant revolt supported by the communists. It originated in the Telangana regions of the Hyderabad State
between 1946 and 1951, led by theCommunist Party of India(CPI).[29]

The revolt began in the Nalgonda district against the feudal lords of Reddy and Velama castes. It quickly spread to the Warangal and Bidar
districts. Peasant farmers and labourers revolted against the local feudal landlords (jagirdars and deshmukhs) and later against the Nizam
Osman Ali Khan. The violent phase of the movement ended after the Government of India's Operation Polo.[30] Starting in 1951, the CPI
.[31]
shifted to a more moderate strategy of seeking to bring communism to India within the framework of Indian democracy

States Reorganisation Commission

In December 1953, the States Reorganisation Commission (SRC) was appointed to form states on a linguistic basis.[32] An agreement was
reached between Telangana leaders and Andhra leaders on 20 February 1956 to merge Telangana and Andhra with promises to safeguard
Telangana's interests.[33] After reorganisation in 1956, the region of Telangana was merged with Andhra State to form Andhra Pradesh.
Following this Gentlemen's agreement, the central government established the unified state of
Andhra Pradesh on 1 November 1956.[34][35][36] G.O 553 of 1959 from the united Andhra
Pradesh state moved two revenue divisions of Bhadrachalam from East Godavari and
Aswaraopeta from West Godavari to Khammam for administrative convenience.

Telangana movement
There have been several movements to revoke the merger of Telangana and Andhra, major
ones occurring in 1969, 1972 and 2009. The movement for a new state of Telangana gained
momentum in the 21st century by an initiative of Telangana Political Joint Action Committee,
TJAC including political leadership representing Telangana area.[37] On 9 December 2009 the
Government of India announced the process of formation of the Telangana state. Violent
protests led by people in the Coastal Andhra and Rayalseema regions occurred immediately
after the announcement, and the decision was put on hold on 23 December 2009.

The movement continued in Hyderabad and other districts of Telangana.[38] There have been Telangana was the seat of numerous
hundreds of claimed suicides,[39] strikes, protests and disturbances to public life demanding dynasties. The Chowmahalla Palace
separate statehood. was home to the Nizams of
Hyderabad.

Formation of Telangana state in 2014

On 30 July 2013, the Congress Working Committee unanimously passed a resolution to
recommend the formation of a separate Telangana state. After various stages the bill was
placed in the Parliament of India in February 2014.[40] In February 2014, Andhra Pradesh
Reorganisation Act, 2014 bill was passed by the Parliament of India for the formation of
Telangana state comprising ten districts from north-western Andhra Pradesh.[41] The bill
received the assent of thePresident and published in the Gazette on 1 March 2014.[42]

The state of Telangana was officially formed on 2 June 2014. Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao
was elected as the first chief minister of Telangana, following elections in which the Telangana
Hyderabad State in 1909
Rashtra Samithi party secured majority.[43] Hyderabad will remain as the joint capital of both
Telangana and Andhra Pradesh for a period, not more than 10 years after that period
Hyderabad shall be the capital of the State of Telangana and there shall be a new capital for the State of Andhra Pradesh.[44] Andhra Pradesh
[45][46]
picked Amaravati as its capital and moved its secretariat in 2016 and legislature in March 2017 to its new capital.

Geography
Telangana is situated on theDeccan Plateau, in the central stretch of the eastern seaboard of the
Indian Peninsula. It covers 112,077 square kilometres (43,273 sq mi).[1] The region is drained
by two major rivers, with about 79% of the Godavari River catchment area and about 69% of
the Krishna River catchment area, but most of the land is arid.[9] Telangana is also drained by
several minor rivers such as theBhima, the Maner, the Manjira and the Musi.

The annual rainfall is between 900 and 1500 mm in northern Telangana and 700 to 900 mm in
southern Telangana, from the southwest monsoons. Various soil types abound, including
chalkas, red sandy soils, dubbas, deep red loamy soils, and very deep black cotton soils that
facilitate planting mangoes, oranges and flowers.[47]
Andhra Pradesh and Telangana Topo
Map
Climate
Telangana is a semi-arid area and has a predominantly hot and dry climate. Summers start in
March, and peak in May with average high temperatures in the 42 °C (108 °F) range. The monsoon arrives in June and lasts until September
with about 755 mm (29.7 inches) of precipitation. A dry, mild winter starts in late November and lasts until early February with little humidity
and average temperatures in the 22–23 °C (72–73 °F) range.
Ecology
The Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests ecoregion covers much of the state, including Hyderabad. The characteristic vegetation is
woodlands of Hardwickia binata and Albizia amara. Over 80% of the original forest cover has been cleared for agriculture, timber harvesting,
or cattle grazing, but large blocks of forest can be found in Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve and elsewhere.[48] The more humid Eastern
Highlands moist deciduous forestscover the Eastern Ghats in the eastern part of the state.

National Parks and Sanctuaries

Telangana has three National Parks: Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park in Hyderabad district, and Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National
Park and Mrugavani National Parkin Ranga Reddy district.

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Telangana include Eturunagaram Wildlife Sanctuary and Pakhal

Wildlife Sanctuary in Warangal District, Kawal Tiger Reserve and Pranahita Wildlife
Sanctuary in Adilabad district, Kinnerasani Wildlife Sanctuary in Khammam district, Manjira
Wildlife Sanctuary in Medak district, Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve in Nalgonda and
Mahbubnagar districts, Pocharam Wildlife Sanctuary in Medak and Nizamabad districts,
Shivaram Wildlife Sanctuary in Karimnagar district.

Sacred groves are small areas of forest preserved by local people. Sacred groves provide
sanctuary to the local flora and fauna. Some are included within other protected areas, like Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) near
Kadalivanam in Nagarjunsagar–Srisailam Tiger Reserve, but most stand alone. There are 65 Hyderabad

sacred groves Telangana—two in Adilabad district, thirteen in Hyderabad district, four in

Karimnagar district, four in Khammam district, nine in Mahbubnagar district, four in Medak
district, nine in Nalgonda district, ten inRanga Reddy district, and three in Warangal district.[49]

Administrative divisions
The state is divided into 31 districts which are further divided into 68 revenue divisions and
they are in turn divided into 584mandals.[50][51]

The districts in the state are

Telangana new districts created in

2016

Telangana at the time of formation on

June 2, 2014
 District Headquarters Earlier part of
Adilabad Adilabad Adilabad
Bhadradri Kothagudem Kothagudem Khammam
Hyderabad Hyderabad Hyderabad
Jagtial Jagtial Karimnagar
Jangaon Jangaon Warangal, Nalgonda
Jayashankar Bhupalpally Bhupalapally Warangal
Jogulamba Gadwal Gadwal Mahabubnagar
Kamareddy Kamareddy Nizamabad
Karimnagar Karimnagar Karimnagar
Khammam Khammam Khammam
Komaram Bheem Asifabad Asifabad Adilabad
Mahabubabad Mahabubabad Warangal
Mahbubnagar Mahbubnagar Mahbubnagar
Mancherial Mancherial Adilabad
Medak Medak Medak
Medchal–Malkajgiri Shamirpet Ranga Reddy
Nagarkurnool Nagarkurnool Mahabubnagar
Nalgonda Nalgonda Nalgonda
Nirmal Nirmal Adilabad
Nizamabad Nizamabad Nizamabad
Peddapalli Peddapalli Karimnagar
Rajanna Sircilla Sircilla Karimnagar
Ranga Reddy Shamshabad Ranga Reddy
Sangareddy Sangareddy Medak
Siddipet Siddipet Medak
Suryapet Suryapet Nalgonda
Vikarabad Vikarabad Ranga Reddy
Wanaparthy Wanaparthy Mahabubnagar
Warangal Rural Geesugonda Warangal
Warangal Urban Warangal Warangal
Yadadri Bhuvanagiri Bhongir Nalgonda

There are a total of 12 cities which include 6 municipal corporationsand 38 municipalities. Hyderabad is the only million-plus populated cityin
the state.

Government and politics

Telangana is governed by a parliamentary system of representative democracy, a feature the state shares with other Indian states. Universal
suffrage is granted to residents. There are three branches of government.

1. Executive authority is vested in the Council of Ministers headed by theChief Minister, although the titular head of government
is the Governor. The Governor is the head of state appointed by the President of India. The leader of the party or coalition
with a majority in the Legislative Assembly is appointed as the Chief Minister by the Governor, and the Council of Ministers
are appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister. The Council of Ministers reports to the Legislative
Assembly.
2. The legislature, the Telangana Legislative Assemblyand the Telangana Legislative Council, consists of elected members and
special office bearers such as the Speaker and Deputy Speaker, that are elected by the members. Assembly meetings are
 presided over by the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker in the Speaker's absence. The Assembly bicameral
is with 119 Members
of the Legislative Assemblyand 40 Member of the Legislative Council. Terms of office run for 5 years unless the Assembly is
dissolved prior to the completion of the term. The Legislative Council is a permanent body with one-third members retiring
every two years.
3. The judiciary is composed of the High Court of Judicature at Hyderabadand a system of lower courts.
Auxiliary authorities known as panchayats, for which local body elections are regularly held, govern local affairs. The state contributes seats to
Lok Sabha.

The main players in the regional politics are the Telangana Rashtra Samithi, All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen, Telugu Desam Party,
Bharatiya Janata Party and Indian National Congress. Following the Telangana Legislative Assembly Election in 2014, the Telangana Rashtra
Samithi under Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Raowas elected to power.

Demographics and Language

Telugu, one of the classical language of Indiais the official language of Telangana Religion in Telangana[52]
Religion Percent
and Urdu is the second official language of the state.[53] About 77% of the Hinduism 85.09%
population of Telangana speak Telugu, 12% speak Urdu, and 13% speak other Islam 12.68%
languages.[54][55] Before 1948, Urdu was the official language of Hyderabad Christianity 1.3%
State, and due to a lack of Telugu-language educational institutions, Urdu was the Others 0.9%
language of the educated elite of Telangana.[56] After 1948, once Hyderabad State
joined the new Republic of India, Telugu became the language of government,
and as Telugu was introduced as the medium of instruction in schools and colleges, the use of Urdu among non Hyderabadi Muslims
decreased.[57] Both Telugu and Urdu are used in services across the state, such as the Telangana Legislature website, with Telugu and Urdu
versions of the website available,[58] as well as the Hyderabad Metro, wherein both languages are used on station names and signs along with
English and Hindi.[59] The Urdu spoken in Telangana is called Hyderabadi Urdu, which in itself is a dialect of the larger Dakhini Urdu dialects
of South India. Although the language is orally spoken by most Hyderabadi Muslims, the language in a literary context has long been lost, and
standard Urdu is used.[60]

The religious makeup of Telangana is about 85.1%Hindu, 12.7% Muslim, and 1.3% Christian, and 0.9% others.[61][62]

According to the 2011 census, Telangana's literacy rate is 66.46%. Male literacy and female literacy are 74.95% and 57.92%, respectively.[1]
Hyderabad district leading with 80.96% andMahabubnagar districtat the bottom with 56.06%.[63]

According to the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme 2009–10, there are 9 backward districts (all except Hyderabad) from Telangana
and the rest are from other regions.[64]

Economy
The economy of Telangana is mainly driven by agriculture. Two important rivers of India, the
Godavari and Krishna, flow through the state, providing irrigation. Farmers in Telangana
mainly depend on rain-fed water sources for irrigation. Rice is the major food crop. Other
important crops are cotton, sugar cane, mango and tobacco. Recently, crops used for vegetable
oil production such as sunflower and peanuts have gained favour. There are many multi-state
irrigation projects in development, including Godavari River Basin Irrigation Projects and
Nagarjuna Sagar Dam, the world's highest masonry dam.[65][66]

The state has also started to focus on the fields of information technology and biotechnology.
Telangana is one of top IT-exporting states of India. There are 68 Special Economic Zones in
Coal Handling Ropeway near
the state.[67]
Aswapuram, Khammam district
Telangana is a mineral-rich state, with coal reserves atSingareni Collieries Company.[68]

Agriculture
Rice is the major food crop and staple food of the state. Other important crops are maize,
tobacco, mango, cotton andsugar cane.[69] Agriculture has been the chief source of income for
the state's economy. The Godavari and Krishna rivers flow through the state, providing
irrigation. Apart from major rivers, there are small rivers like Tunga Bhadra, Bima, Dindi,
Kinnerasani, Manjeera, Manair, Penganga, Pranahitha, peddavagu and Taliperu. There are
many multi-state irrigation projects in development, including Godavari River Basin Irrigation
Projects and Nagarjuna Sagar Dam, the world's highest masonry dam.[70]
Paddy fields in Warangal district
Agri Export Zones for the following produce have been proposed for the following locations:

Gherkins – Mahabubnagar, Rangareddy, Medak, Karimnagar, Warangal

Mangoes and grapes – Hyderabad, Rangareddy, Medak, Mahabubnagar

Industries
Several major manufacturing and services industries are in operation mainly around
Hyderabad. Automobiles and auto components, spices, mines and minerals, textiles and
apparels, pharmaceutical, horticulture, and poultry farming are the main industries in
Telangana.[71] In terms of services, Hyderabad is nicknamed "Cyberabad" due to the location
of major software industries in the city.[72][73] Prior to secession, it contributed 10% to India's
and 98% to Andhra Pradesh's exports in the IT and ITES sectors in 2013[74] With Hyderabad
in the front line of Telangana's goal to promote information technology in India, the city boasts
the HITEC City as its premier hub.

The HITEC City is a major IT hub of

The state government is in the process of developing industrial parks at different places, for
Hyderabad
specific groups of industries. The existing parks are Software Park at Hyderabad, HITEC City
for software units, Apparel Park at Gundlapochampalli, Export Promotion Park at
Pashamylaram, Biotechnology park atTurkapally.

Hyderabad is also a major site for healthcare-related industries including hospitals and pharmaceutical organizations such as Nizam's Institute
of Medical Sciences, Yashoda Hospitals, LV Prasad Eye Care, Akruti Institute of cosmetic and plastic surgery, Fever Hospital, Durgabai
Deshmukh, Continental Hospitals and Apollo Hospitals. Many pharmaceutical and pharmaceutical-related companies like Dr. Reddy's
Laboratories, Shantha Biotechnics and GVK BIO are based out of Hyderabad.

In addition, Hyderabad-based healthcare non-profits include theIndian Heart Association, a cardiovascular disease NGO.[75]

Tourism
Telangana State Tourism Development Corporation (TSTDC) is a state government agency which promotes tourism in Telangana.[76]
Telangana has a variety of tourist attractions including historical places, monuments, forts, waterfa
lls, forests and temples.

Awards
Telangana state has won CNBC-TV18's Promising State of the Year Award for the year of 2015. The Jury for the India Business Leader Awards
(IBLA) has collectively chosen Telangana for the award.[77][78]

Infrastructure

Power
Hydel and thermal power projects in the state meet the power requirements of the State. A number of new power projects are coming up in the
State which is expected to generate additional power capacity in the state.
Ramagundam Thermal Power station

Hyderabad Outer Ring Road

Secunderabad railway station

 Installed capacity Under construction
Name Operator Location Fuel (MW) (MW)

Chelpur,
Kakatiya TPP TSGENCO Coal 1100
Bhupalpally
Kothagudem Paloncha,
TSGENCO Coal 1720 800
TPS Kothagudem
Ramagundam Ramagundam,
TSGENCO Coal 62.5
TPS Peddapalli
NTPC Ramagundam,
NTPC Coal 2600
Ramagundam Peddapalli
Jaipur,
Singareni TPP SCCL Coal 1200 800[79]
Mancherial
Manuguru,
Bhadradri TPP TSGENCO Coal 1080[80]
Kothagudem
Telangana Ramagundam,
NTPC coal 1600[81]
Super TPP Peddapalli
Dameracherla,
Yadadri TPP TSGENCO Coal 4000[82]
Nalgonda
Nagarjuna
Nalgonda
Sagar Main TSGENCO Hydroelectricity 815.6
district
PH
Nagarjuna Nalgonda
TSGENCO Hydroelectricity 60
Sagar LCPH district
Srisailam
TSGENCO Kurnool district Hydroelectricity 900
LBPH
Pochampad Nizamabad
TSGENCO Hydroelectricity 36
PH district
Sangareddy
Singur PH TSGENCO Hydroelectricity 15
district
Nizam Sagar Kamareddy
TSGENCO Hydroelectricity 10
PH district
Paleru Mini Khammam
TSGENCO Hydroelectricity 2
Hydel district
Peddapalli Peddapalli
TSGENCO Hydroelectricity 9.16
Mini Hydels district
Pulichintala Suryapet
TSGENCO Hydroelectricity 30
HEP district
Lower Jurala Jogulamba
TSGENCO Hydroelectricity 240
HEP Gadwal district
Jogulamba
Jurala HEP TSGENCO Hydroelectricity 234
Gadwal district
Dummugudem Bhadradri
SLS Power
Mini Hydel Kothagudem Hydroelectricity 24
Corporation
Power Project district
Janapadu
Suryapet
Hydro Power JHPPPL Hydroelectricity 1
district
Project Pvt Ltd
Komaram Komaram
Bheem Small Bheem
DesignGroup Hydroelectricity 3
Hydro Electric Asifabad
Project district
Jurala Solar Atmakur,
TSGENCO Solar power 1
PV Plant Wanaparthy
Ramagundam
NTPC Ramagundam Solar power 10 15
Solar PV
 Dharmaraopet ReNew Kamareddy
Solar power 143
Solar PV Plant Power district
Talettutayi
Solar
Mahbubnagar
Telangana I Projects Solar power 12
district
Private
Limited
Talettutayi
Solar
Telangana II Projects Six Private Solar power 12
Private
Limited

Irrigation Projects

Project River District

Osman Sagar Musi Ranga Reddy district
Himayat Sagar Musi Ranga Reddy district
Nagarjuna Sagar Krishna Nalgonda, Guntur
Srisailam Krishna Mahabubnagar, Kurnool
Sriram Sagar Godavari Nizamabad
Nizam Sagar Manjira Nizamabad
Upper Manair Maner Karimnagar
Jurala Krishna Mahabubnagar
Sripada Yellampalli Project Godavari Peddapalli, Mancherial
Koil Sagar Krishna Mahabubnagar

Transport
The state is well connected with other states by means of road, rail and airways. The Telangana State Road Transport Corporation (TSRTC) is
the major public transport corporation that connects all the cities and villages.[83] Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station (M.G.B.S) in Hyderabad is one
of the largest bus stand in Asia.[84][85] Jubilee Bus Station in Secunderabad serves inter city bus services.

Roadways
[86]
The state has a total of16 national highways and accounts for a total length of 2,690.23 km (1,671.63 mi).

Railways
The history of railways in this region dates back to the time ofNizam of Hyderabad in 1874. The Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway, which had
its beginnings in a line built privately by the HEH the Nizam. Much to the dismay of the British authorities, The Nizam bore all the expenses
for the construction of the line.[87]

It operates under the auspices of theSouth Central Railwayfounded in 1966. The landmark building Rail Nilayam in Secunderabad is the Zonal
Headquarter office of South Central Railway. Secunderabad and Hyderabad are the main divisions of South Central Railway that fall in the
state.[88]

Airports
Rajiv Gandhi International Airport at Shamshabad is an international airport serving the city of Hyderabad It is the largest airport in the state
. The government has plans to upgradeWarangal Airport, Nizamabad Airport[89] and Ramagundam
and one of the busiest airports in the country
Airport It also plans to construct airports in Karimnagar and Kothagudem.[90] Warangal has a domestic airport in Mamunooru which was
established in the year 1930 during Nizam period. All the exports and imports of Azam Jahi Mills, Warangal were done through the Warangal
Airport.

Major Cities
Hyderabad
Warangal
Nizamabad
Khammam
Karimnagar
Ramagundam
Mahabubnagar
Nalgonda
Adilabad
Suryapet
Jagityal
Siddipet
Miryalaguda are the major cities in Telangana.

Major Towns
Kodad
Bodhan
Siricilla
Zaheerabad
Mancherial
Wanaparthy
Vikarabad
Tandur
Sangareddy
Palvancha
Nirmal
Medak
Kothagudem
Jangaon
Gadwal
Bhadrachalam
Armoor
Peddapalli
Kamareddy are the major towns in Telangana.

Culture
Telangana culture combines cultural customs from Persian traditions, embedded during the rule of the region by the Mughals, Qutub Shahis and
Nizams, with prominent and predominantly south Indian traditions and customs. The State has a rich tradition in classical music, painting and
folk arts such as Burra Katha, shadow puppet show
, and Perini Shivatandavam, Gusadi Dance, Kolatam.

Monuments
Charminar, Golconda Fort, Qutb Shahi Tombs, Chowmahalla Palace, Falaknuma Palace, Birla Mandir and Nagarjun sagar, Bhongir Fort,
Warangal Fort, Khammam Fort are some of the monuments in and around Hyderabad.

Religious destinations
There are religious worship centers of different religions in the state.
Hindu worship destinations include Bhadrachalam Temple, Gnana Saraswati Temple,
Yadagirigutta Temple, Ramappa Temple, Vemulawada Raja Rajeswara temple, the Thousand Pillar
Temple.

The Muslim worship destinations such as Makkah Masjid near Charminar, Khairtabad Mosque,
Koh-e-qaim, Mian Mishk Masjid, Toli Masjid and Spanish Mosque.

Christian worship centers include the Diocese of Dornakal of the Church of South India, Bahe
Church of South India, and Medak Cathedral. There are also some Buddhist destinations, such as
Nelakondapalli, Dhulikatta, Phanigiri and Kolanpaka.[91]

Telugu cinema
Telugu cinema, also known by its sobriquet as Tollywood, is a part of Indian cinema producing
films in the Telugu language, and is centered in the Hyderabad, Telangana neighbourhood of Film
Nagar.[92] In the early 1990s, the Telugu film industry had largely shifted from Chennai to
Hyderabad. The Telugu film industry is the second-largest film industry in India next to
Bollywood Film Industry and followed by Tamil film industry Kollywood).[93] In the years 2005, Kakatiya Kala Thoranam
2006 and 2008 the Telugu film industry produced the largest number of films in India, exceeding
the number of films produced inBollywood.[94][95] The industry holds the Guinness World Record
for the largest film production facility in the world.[96]

Waterfalls
Kuntala Waterfall (45 metres (148 ft)) located in Kuntala, Adilabad district, is the highest waterfall
in the state. Kuntala Waterfalls in Adilabad

Bogatha Waterfall is waterfall located in Koyaveerapuram G, Wazeedu Mandal, Jayashankar

Bhupalpally district, Telangana. It is located 120 kilometres (75 mi) from Bhadrachalam, 140 kilometres (87 mi) away from Warangal and 329
kilometres (204 mi) fromHyderabad.

Savatula Gundam Waterfalls are one of the many waterfalls located in Adilabad district, Telangana, India. They are located 30 km (19 mi) from
Asifabad and 350 km (220 mi) fromHyderabad, the state capital.

Gowri Gundaala waterfalls at Sabitham village nearRamagundam in Peddapalli district.

Education
Telangana has multiple institutes of higher education universities along with numerous primary
and secondary schools. The state is home to a number of institutes, which impart higher
education. The Department of Higher Education deals with matters relating to education at
various levels in the State of Telangana.

The Government has established Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies Basar
(RGUKT Basar) in 2008 to cater to the educational needs of the gifted rural youth of
Telangana.[97] The higher education includes many colleges, universities and research
institutes providing professional education in the fields of arts, humanities, science, NIT Warangal main gate
engineering, law, medicine, business, and veterinary sciences, with undergraduate and post-
graduation.

Sports
The Hyderabad cricket team is represented in the Ranji Trophy and has won twice. The SunRisers Hyderabad, an Indian Premier League
franchise, is based in Hyderabad and has won the trophy once. Deccan Chargers, a currently defunct franchise from Hyderabad, also won the
Indian Premier League once. The Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium is the home ground of both Hyderabad cricket team and
SunRisers Hyderabad. It hosts international as well as domestic matches. The Hyderabad Hunters, a Premier Badminton League franchise, the
Telugu Titans, a Pro Kabaddi League franchise, the Hyderabad Sky, a UBA Pro Basketball
League franchise, the Telugu Tigers, a Premier Futsal franchise are also based in Hyderabad.
Hyderabad Hunters won the Premier Badminton Leaguetitle once.

Notable sports persons from the state are Mohammad Azharuddin, V. V. S. Laxman, Mithali
Raj, Pragyan Ojha, Saina Nehwal, P.V. Sindhu, Jwala Gutta, Parupalli Kashyap, Gagan
Narang, Mukesh Kumar and Pullela Gopichand (Andhra Pradesh), as well as Sania Mirza who
has been appointed as the "brand ambassador" of T
elangana.

Other stadiums include G. M. C. Balayogi Athletic Stadium, Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium and Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket
Gachibowli Indoor Stadium. Stadium

See also
Temples of Telangana
Index of Telangana-related articles
List of state highways in Telangana
List of Telangana people
Telangana Language Day

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Further reading
"India: A country study". Federal Research Division.
September 1995. Regionalism.(Direct link.)
Virendra Kumar (1975). "Committee on T elangana
surpluses, 1969 – Report by Justice Bhargava".
Committees and commissions in India, 1947–1973 . 9. New
Delhi: D. K. Publishing House. p. 175.ISBN 8170221978.
Retrieved 11 December 2013.
Sarojini Regani (1986).Nizam – British Relations 1724–
1857. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company . "ReInventing Telangana – First Steps- SocioEconomic
ISBN 8170221951. Retrieved 11 December 2013.
Duncan B. Forrester (Spring 1970). "Subregionalism in
India: The Case of Telangana". Pacific Affairs. University of
British Columbia. 43 (1): 5–21. doi:10.2307/2753831.
JSTOR 2753831.
Karen Leonard (May 1971). "The Hyderabad Political
System and its Participants".The Journal of Asian Studies.
Association for Asian Studies.30 (3): 569–582.
doi:10.1017/s0021911800154841. JSTOR 2052461.
Outlook 2105". Planning Department, Govt of Telangana.
Retrieved 24 September 2015.

External links
Government

Official Site of Telangana Government

General information

Telangana Encyclopædia Britannicaentry

Telangana at Curlie
Geographic data related toTelangana at OpenStreetMap

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